专业八级-860及答案解析.doc

1、专业八级-860 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、The American Tax Sys(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.agreesB.disapprovesC.hopesD.do

2、ubtsA.24B.27C.18D.20A.it helped him earn extra moneyB.his season was overC.he needed more experienceD.he could improve his skillsA.6B.8C.10D.11A.It is a spectator sport.B.It is fun to win.C.It is what he exactly likes.D.It is a professional sport.六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Questions 6 to 8 are(总题数：

3、1，分数：3.00)A.durationB.momentumC.prospectD.futureA.2B.3C.4D.5A.general pessimism aboutB.some doubt aboutC.different interpretations ofD.much optimism about八、Questions 9 to 10 ar(总题数：1，分数：2.00)A.oneB.twoC.fourD.sixA.make computer users aware of hackingB.train hacking expertsC.enlighten people on how t

4、o prevent computer attacksD.display the harms of hacking九、PART PROOFREADING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Conversationalists w(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_5.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_6.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_7.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_8.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_9.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_10.（分数：1

5、00）填空项 1:_十一、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十三、TEXT A(总题数：2，分数：2.00)11.“Yucca“ (in the second paragraph) is most probably _.（分数：1.00）A.a paintB.a brush used in paintingC.an object with a pointed endD.a plant12.The water jar mentioned in the second paragraph can NOT be d

6、escribed as _.（分数：1.00）A.light in weightB.made by a Native AmericanC.an example of fine artD.an object to be used十四、TEXT B(总题数：3，分数：3.00)13.The author focuses primarily on _.（分数：1.00）A.two competing scientific models concerning the suns magnetic fieldB.an overview of some recent scientific developme

7、nts in solar physicsC.the reasons why a problem in solar physics has not yet been solvedD.the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial climate with solar activity14.On which of the following assumptions is based the belief, that tree-ring thicknesses show links between solar periodicity and terr

8、estrial climate?（分数：1.00）A.Solar-activity cycle existed m its present form during the period in question.B.Average tree-ring thickness varies from species to species.C.Tree-ring thickness varies with changes in terrestrial climate.D.Both terrestrial climate and solar-activity cycle randomly affect t

9、ree-ring thickness.15.According to the passage, for which of the following reasons are the late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Chinese records important?（分数：1.00）A.They contradict the theory of the Maunder minimum.B.They suggest that the Maunder minimum cannot be related to climate.C.They

10、verify the existence of a span of unusual cold worldwide during the Maunder minimum.D.They show that the European observations are of dubious statistical significanc十五、TEXT C(总题数：3，分数：3.00)16.The author seems to imply that _.（分数：1.00）A.humans are responsible for the problemB.hunting limits and regul

11、ations should be liftedC.the birds have a strong capability to surviveD.the Canada geese are a better species than the snow geese17.The sharp rise of the snow geese population is mainly caused by_.（分数：1.00）A.lack of natural enemiesB.great care of wildlife preservationistsC.favorable conditions in th

12、eir winter habitatD.changes in their migration patterns18.According to the author, if the marshes are destroyed,_.（分数：1.00）A.the snow geese will be in dangerB.the agriculture of the area will sufferC.the Canada geese will replace the snow geeseD.the snow geese may move to breed in Minnesota十六、TEXT D

13、总题数：3，分数：3.00)19.It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, most women worked in_.（分数：1.00）A.textile millsB.private householdsC.OfficesD.schools20.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the 20th century was NOT due to_.（分数：1.00）A.t

14、heir economic necessityB.more women employersC.shortage of single women workersD.high marriage rates21.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Mechanization of work has little changed the conditions of women.B.Mechanization revolutionizes a societys traditional

15、 values and customary roles of its members.C.Mechanization of work creates new jobs that did not exist previously.D.Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years.十七、TEXT E(总题数：2，分数：2.00)22.It can be inferred from the passage that countries currently industrializing _.（分数：1.00）A.have to

16、find untapped foreign marketsB.are mainly poorer countries of AsiaC.must grapple with more difficulties than todays developed countries used to faceD.have to train large numbers of managers, accountants, ere23.Which of the following does NOT pertain to the “support services“ mentioned in the passage

17、分数：1.00）A.Telecommunications systems.B.Universities for training business administrators.C.Sources of industrial tools.D.Reservoir of labor forc十八、TEXT F(总题数：2，分数：2.00)24.The most appropriate title for the passage could be _.（分数：1.00）A.Under the Greenwood Tree: Hardys Ambiguous TriumphB.The Real a

18、nd the Strange: The Novelists Shifting RealmsC.Hardys Novelistic Impulses: The Problem of ControlD.Divergent Impulses: The Issue of Unity in the Novel25.We get the impression that the author seems _ Hardys impulses as a writer.（分数：1.00）A.amazed atB.critical ofC.fed up withD.interested in十九、SECTION B

19、总题数：0，分数：0.00)二十、TEXT G(总题数：1，分数：1.00)26.Leopards are NOT likely to be found in_.（分数：1.00）A.EuropeB.AsiaC.Latin AmericaD.Africa二十一、TEXT H(总题数：3，分数：3.00)27.According to the passage, prostitution falls into the category of_.（分数：1.00）A.index crimeB.professional crimeC.white-collar crimeD.victimless cr

20、ime28.Hijacking of cargo is a(n)_.（分数：1.00）A.professional crimeB.organized crimeC.index crimeD.white-collar crime29.Which of the following organizations is partly responsible for the increase of gun-related crimes?_（分数：1.00）A.NRA.B.MAAD.C.SAAD.D. FRB.二十二、TEXI I(总题数：2，分数：2.00)30.In 1991, New York was

21、 the worlds _urban are（分数：1.00）A.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest31.According to the passage, which is the real reason for people to move from rural to urban areas?（分数：1.00）A.Adequate job opportunities.B.Better public facilities.C.Very poor economic conditions in rural se

22、ttlements.D.An increase in rural population.二十三、TEXT J(总题数：3，分数：3.00)32.According to the passage, highway building_.（分数：1.00）A.has quickenedB.has been discouragedC.should be encouragedD.has been taxed at a lower rate33.An example of “soft“ energy mentioned in this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.solar energ

23、yB.windC.natural gasD.gasoline34.What has NOT been controlled at all as regards water pollution?（分数：1.00）A.Industrial polluters.B.Sewage.C.Rain runoff.D.Toxic substances.二十四、TEXT K(总题数：1，分数：1.00)35.Which of the following authors is NOT on the list?（分数：1.00）A.E. M. Forster.B.Toni Morrison.C.J.B. Prie

24、stley.D.Albert Camus.二十五、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二十六、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)36.运用幽默的至高技艺要求我们保持冷静的头脑，临场应变，从容镇定，不慌不忙。如此才能妙语惊人，产生具有生命力的幽默。事事都求自然，幽默也是如此。有准备的幽默当然能应付一些场合，但难免有人工斧凿之嫌；临场发挥的幽默才更为技巧，更见风致。临场发挥是一种技巧，更是一种智慧，它需要冷静和睿智。在各种晚会、文艺演出中，许多主持人和演员临场应变、妙语惊人，给晚会的欢乐气氛推波助澜，也赢得了观众的掌声和喜爱。（分数：

25、10.00）_二十七、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)37.Ever since the ancient Romans imposed their language on neighboring barbarians, the teaching of Latin has been inseparable from cultural politics. In the Middle Ages, Latin was the preserve of the Church, whose leaders believed that the language was

26、inherently holier than the vernacular, and who used Latin as a means of establishing a distance between priests and their parishioners. In the Renaissance, the classics were seen as a beneficial source of eternal, universal truths“From Cicero Ive learned to be myself,“ an Italian humanist announceda

27、nd such a belief persisted well into the nineteenth century. The argument for the improving qualities of Latin is still made by the American Classical League, which points to studies showing that schoolchildren who have studied Latin achieve higher standardized test scores than their non- Latinist p

28、eers.（分数：10.00）_二十八、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：25.00)38.College Students Should (Not) Take Part-time JobsIn the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring w

29、hat you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.（分数：25.00）_专业八级-860 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART

30、LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、The American Tax Sys(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_ （正确答案：compulsory）解析：听力原文1-10The American Tax SystemGovernment budgets deal not only with expenditures, but with revenues. Governments raise revenues through taxation.A tax is a compulsory payment to g

31、overnment.Taxes can be levied and classified in may ways. In the United States and many other Western countries there are three principal types of taxes: taxes on income, taxes on wealth and taxes on activities.Taxes on IncomeIncome taxes are based on net income what remains after certain items are

32、deducted from gross income. The items that can be deducted and the tax rates that are applied are specified by law and differ between the personal income tax and the corporation income tax.Personal Income TaxEvery year in April, millions of American taxpayers begin to sort their previous years incom

33、e and expense records in order to prepare individual income tax returns. This is the first step that must be completed to determine the personal income tax.In calculating this tax you would be allowed to take specific types of deductions and exemptions. For instance, some deductions that may be made

34、 (within limits) from your income are donations to the Red Cross, to your alma mater, and to various other nonprofit organizations. You may also deduct some payments for doctors bills, X rays, and medicine taxes paid to state and local governments; interest paid on loans; and various other outlays.

35、In addition, tax allowances or exemptions are permitted for support of yourself, your family, and your dependents. In this way the government acknowledges the fact that larger families require more funds than smaller ones to meet their living costs.The amount of income tax you would have to pay at a

36、 given income level depends on several things. These include whether you are single or married and what the particular tax rates happen to be at the time. The rates are usually revised by Washington every few years. Nevertheless, certain features of a tax-rate schedule never change.Corporation Incom

37、e TaxThe federal governments second largest source of revenue is the corporate income tax. (Many states also tax corporate incomes, but at lower rates. ) The corporate income tax is simple to calculate because it is based on the difference between a companys total income and its total expensesits ne

38、t recent decades it has averaged close to 50 percent.Taxes on WealthProperty taxes are levied primarily on land and buildings. The taxes vary from low rates in some rural areas where services are minor to high rates in localities with good streets, schools, and public safety facilities.Death taxes a

39、re levied on estates by the federal government and on inheritances by some state governments. The rates depend on values and amounts. Like income taxes, death taxes exempt small estates and inheritances but tax the unexempt portions at progressive rates. Many wealthy people would try to avoid these

40、taxes by distributing most of their property before death. Therefore, gift taxes are imposed on the transfer of assets beyond certain values. However, various legal devices, such as trust funds and family foundations, have enabled many wealthier individuals to lighten the weight of these taxes.Taxes

41、 on ActivitiesSales taxes are imposed by many state and local governments. These taxes are flat percentage levied on the retail prices of items. In some states or cities such commodities as food, medicine, and services are exempt. In other places they are not. The federal government imposes no “gene

42、ral“ sales tax on the final sale of goods. However, it does impose special sales taxes, called excise taxes, on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of liquor, gasoline, and other products. From time to time, in order to raise more money, political and economic efforts are exerted to introduce a va

43、lue-added tax (VAT). This is a type of national sales tax paid by manufacturers and merchants on the value contributed to a product at each stage of its production and distribution. However, this form of tax, although common in Europe, has not yet gained sufficiently wide acceptance for adoption in

44、the United States.Social security taxes are payroll taxes levied by the federal government. The taxes finance our compulsory social insurance program covering old-age and unemployment benefits. The contributions come from both employees and employers and are based on the incomes of the former. Socia

45、l security tax should not be confused with the income tax which is also a tax on earnings. Social security taxes are used for a specific purpose. Income taxes are used for many purposes.Now, you have 2 minutes to check your notes , and then complete the gap-filling task on Answer Sheet One in ten mi

46、nutes.填空项 1:_ （正确答案：transfer）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：returns）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：exemptions）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：alma mater）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：nonprofit）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：buildings）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：estates）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：retail）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：payroll）解析：四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.agreesB.disapproves C.hopesD.doubts解析：听力原文1-5INTERVIEWER: On the matter of careers, a lot of the jobs that people go into are sort of lifetime careers. What about baseball? Is it a full life-time career?MIKE: Its beenI mean, its been my life so far, you know. I know somedaycould be tomorr