专业八级模拟601及答案解析.doc

1、专业八级模拟601及答案解析 (总分：192.60，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Questionnaire1. Introduction of questionnaires 1) 1 of questionnaires one of the most popular research instruments applied in the socialscience; one of the most employed 2 devices in statisti

2、cal work. 2) 3 of questionnaires Questionnaires are any 4 that present respondents with a series of questions or statements to which they are to react by writing out their answers; 5 from among existing answers. 3) Differences between written questionnaires and written tests. A test measures how wel

3、l someone can do something by making 6 on the basis of the sample of the respondents behavior or knowledge; Questionnaires ask for information about the respondents in a 7 manner. 2. Data types that questionnaires can yield. 1) 8 questions about who the respondents are; 2) Behavioral questions about

4、 what the respondents are doing or have done in the past; 3) 9 questions about what people think. 3. Virtues of questionnaires 1) Questionnaires are 10 in terms of research time researcher effort 11 resources. 2) Questionnaires are versatile. 4. 12 of questionnaires. According to some researchers, q

5、uestionnaires are 13 because of the following problems: 1) Simplicity and 14 of answers; 2) Respondent literacy problems; 3) Self-deception; 4) 15 effects. （分数：15.00）三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：17.50)（分数：12.50）A.The gift is usually attractive.B.They see the gift as a discount.C.The gift save mone

6、y for customers.D.The gift is worth the money.A.You want to save some money.B.You want to get a discount.C.The gift is on your shopping list.D.The gift is worth the money.A.Limit 1.B.Limit 3.C.Limit 5.D.Limit 6.A.Dont read the e-mail.B.Read the e-mail and put it away.C.Show the e-mail to shopping ex

7、perts.D.Consult an advisor about the e-mail.A.If I buy the goods, I will save more money.B.If I dont buy the goods, there will be no such goods.C.If I buy the goods, I will get a free gift.D.If I dont buy the goods, they will raise the price.（分数：5.00）A.To get on the clothes more easily.B.To keep hea

8、lth workers from making mistakes.C.To prevent health workers from infecting themselves.D.To keep watch on each other.A.Medical advancement.B.Countries cooperation.C.Efficient medicine.D.More hospitals.A.Six.B.Five.C.Four.D.Three.A.Ebola is a global crisis.B.Ebola is difficult to be stopped.C.Ebola e

9、pidemic is slowly controlled though has many difficulties.D.Ebola killed so many people.A.Pessimistic.B.Indifferent.C.Hopeful.D.Objective.四、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：100.00)Section A In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice

10、 question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Passage One Cruelty to animals, it is said, is often a precursor to graver crimes. So would there not be some usefulness to a registry of indi

11、viduals convicted of felony animal abuse? Legislators in California want the Golden State to be the first to establish such a recordjust as California was the first in the nation to create a registry of sex offenders. The goal of the registry, which would list crimes against both pets and farm anima

12、ls, is to make it easier for shelters and animal-adoption groups to identify people who shouldnt be allowed access to animals. It would also be a boon to law enforcement because animal abuse, the bills authors say, often escalates to violence against people. Abuses covered in the bill would include

13、the malicious and intentional maiming, mutilation, torture, wounding or killing of a living animal. It would also target pet hoarders and operators of animal-fighting rings (such as dog-baiting and cockfighting) who have felony convictions. We think California is primed for this kind of a bill, says

14、 state senate majority leader Dean Florez, who introduced the bill in late February. Weve progressed to the point where we as a legislature are moving in a direction of this bill, which is ultimately, how do we in essence prevent repeat offenses when it comes to cruelty to animals in the state of Ca

15、lifornia? It is an issue that, Florez says, Californians care for deeply. About 60% of California residents own pets, he says; add in farm animals, and 80% of the population has some kind of ownership of animals. The bills biggest stumbling block may be the funding it would require. Created with the

16、 assistance of the Animal Legal Defense Fund, the bill would raise the approximately $ 500,000 to $ 1 million necessary for its launch through a 2- or 3-cent tax per pound of pet food, says Florez, a Democrat who is chairman of the Food and Agriculture Committee. He estimated that after its launch,

17、the project could cost between $ 300,000 to $ 400,000 a year to maintain. Yet even that relatively small amount has some organizations, including a national pet-product trade group and even the Humane Society, raising concerns. Jennifer Fearing, California senior state director and chief economist f

18、or the US Humane Society, supports the measures aims but worries about whether it can get passed. Says Fearing: I would be shocked if this legislature is prepared to enact any tax this year, much less one levied on pet owners who are struggling to care for their animals, when many of them are droppi

19、ng them off at shelters. Ed Rod, vice President of government affairs for the American Pet Products Association, says the proposal is inherently inequitable. Youre looking at pet owners paying for something thats really going to benefit everyone, says Rod. And animal abuse certainly affects pets, bu

20、t it also affects agricultural animals as well, and in this case I dont believe there is any provision to impose a fee on livestock feed. The goal we support, certainly, but we think this is kind of a blunt instrument to reach that goal. There may be other ways to fund the registry. Fearing says the

21、 Humane Society supported a similar law in Tennessee that called for those convicted of animal abuse to pay $ 50 toward the cost of an animal-abusers registry. The bill, however, was defeated. Florez says having offenders pay a fee toward the operation of the registry is also under consideration in

22、the California legislation. Even if those convicted of animal-abuse felonies were charged a fee, however, that may not be enough to cover the cost of the registry, since only a small percentage of animal-abuse cases result in felony charges, according to Madeline Bernstein, president of the Society

23、for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Los Angeles. The bottom line is that there arent a lot of felony convictions for animal abuse in the state of California, says Bernstein. The proposal also puts an added burden on local policeoperating at a time of state funding cutsby requiring them to gathe

24、r registry information on convicted felons and transfer the information to the Department of Justice within three days of collection. Despite the obstacles, Florez expects to push the legislation as far as it can go. Could he get the two-thirds majority required to turn the bill into lawparticularly

25、 from the Republican minority that pledged not to raise taxes? In this case, he says, the issue is simple. Do Republican members really want to be seen on the side of animal abuse? I dont think they do. (此文选自 Time)Passage Two You and I, and everyone else in America, own the most stunning oceanfront

26、property, the most amazing mountain ranges, the highest free-falling waterfall on the continent, and the most spectacular collection of geothermal features on the planet. I knew the national parks were beautiful and that there must be interesting human stories behind their creation. But I was unprep

27、ared for how they touched some of the deepest emotions Ive ever felt. The parks can be simultaneously humbling and ennobling. Were aware of our insignificance, yet we feel part of the larger order of things. Its a spiritual, transcendental experiencegives it whatever name you want. Its why people so

28、metimes use biblical references to describe Yosemite, first set aside in 1864, or Yellowstone, our first truly national park, or the Grand Canyon, essentially a geological library and the greatest canyon on the face of the earth. My crew and I have been literally brought to tears as we worked on thi

29、s project, as have many other people over the years. As one man encountering Yosemite Falls for the first time said to his companions, Now let me die, for I am happy. The historical figures we studied, the consultants who helped us understand those men and women, and the people weve been sharing the

30、 parks with today have all had that moment when suddenly they felt connected to everything else in the universe. That isnt bad for a days work. The real secrets of the parks are their little-known places and unseen wonders. When we were floating down the Colorado River during filming and going over

31、those dramatic rapids, every little side canyon that we didnt have the benefit of seeing from the rim of the Grand Canyon had its own wonders. The way the light struck in the back, the way the water fell, the way new waterfalls sprouted up in the spring because the melting snow needed a place to gof

32、or me, the most marvelous point about the parks is their hidden and beautiful layers. Every park is like an onion. The layers are sometimes very subtle, and each layer takes time to explore. A very nice old ranger at Zion told us, You could be a ranger here if you knew the answer to three questions:

33、 Wheres the bathroom? How far is it to Las Vegas? And whats the fastest way out of here? But the tourist who has the casual windshield experience by driving to Yosemites Inspiration Point can still take a picture that looks awfully like an Ansel Adams shot. The person who parks the car and hikes hal

34、f a mile in has a better experience than the person who drives through. The person who hikes two miles in gets an even better experience. And the person who backpacks in and spends two weeks immersed in the high country is, of course, delivered an ecstatic religious experience on the par of naturali

35、st John Muirs. Muir was, to me, the most colorful character in the history of the parks. A Scottish-born wanderer, he fell in love with Yosemite when he first walked into it, and for a while he worked there at a sawmill. Muir could have become a titan of industry, but the backpack of civilization sl

36、ipped off him, to paraphrase Ralph Waldo Emerson. He became an apostle, a prophet, of a new kind of Americanism. Muir woke us up to the fact that all this beauty would be lost to development unless it was championed. The man did unbelievably bizarre and rapturous things in Californias High Sierra in

37、 the name of the national parks. He would claw his way up into a big pine tree in the middle of a raging thunderstorm to find out what a tree felt like during a storm. He would soak sequoia cones in water and drink the purple liquid that seeped out so he could become tree-wise and sequoical, as he p

38、ut it. He would watch a lichen on a rock for an entire day; he would contemplate the life of a raindrop. He would climb mountains with very little equipment to speak of, except perhaps for nails hammered into the soles of his shoes, and he would think nothing of covering 50 miles in a two-day excurs

39、ion with just crackers, oatmeal, and tea for nourishment. Everywhere he turned, Muir believed he was witnessing the work and presence of God. So enspirited was he that I think he must have struck people, as William Cronon, the historian, says in our film, as an ecstatic holy man. (此文选自 Readers Diges

40、t)Passage Three Despite the clear-cut technological advantages, the railroad didnt become the primary means of transportation for nearly 20 years after the first pioneering American railroads were introduced in the early 1830s. Besides the stiff competition of water transport, an important hindrance

41、 to railroad development was public antipathy, which had its roots in ignorance, conservatism, and vested interest. People thought that speeds of 20 to 30 miles per hour would be physically harmful to passengers. Many honestly believed that the railroad would prove to be impractical and uneconomical

42、 and would not provide service as dependable as that of the waterways. Unsurprisingly, the most vigorous opposition to railroads came from groups whose economic interests suffered from the competition of the new industry. Millions of dollars had been spent on canals, rivers, highways, and plank road

43、s, and thousands of people depended on these transportation enterprises for their livelihood. Tavern keepers feared their businesses would be ruined, and farmers envisioned the market for hay and grain disappearing as the iron horse replaced the flesh-and-blood animal that drew canal boats and pulle

44、d wagons. Competitive interests joined to embarrass and hinder the railroads, causing several states to limit traffic on them to passengers and their baggage or to freight hauled only during the months when canal operations ceased. One railroad company in Ohio was required to pay for any loss in can

45、al traffic attributed to railroad competition. Other railroads were ordered to pay a tonnage tax to support the operation of canals. These sentiments, however amusing today, were seriously espoused by national leaders, as seen in a 1829 letter from Martin Van Buren, then governor of New York, to Pre

46、sident Andrew Jackson. Despite the opposition of those who feared the railroads, construction went on. In sections of the country where canals could not be built, the railroad offered a means of cheap transportation for all kinds of commodities. In contrast to the municipality that wished to exclude

47、 the railroad, many cities and towns, as well as their state governments, did much to encourage railroad construction. And the federal government provided tariff exemptions on railroad iron. By 1840, railroad mileage in the United States was within 1,000 miles of the combined lengths of all canals,

48、the volume of goods carried by water still exceeded that transported by rail. After the depression of the early 1840s, rail investments continued, mostly government assisted, and by 1850,the country had 9,000 miles of railroads, and the railroads superiority was clear. With the more than 20,000 miles of rails added to the transportation system between 1850 and 1860, total trackage surpassed 30,000 at the end of the decade, and the volume of freight traffic equaled that of canals. All the states east of the Mississippi were connected during this decade. The