专业八级模拟609及答案解析.doc

1、专业八级模拟609及答案解析 (总分：121.42，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Writing a Research Paper. Research Papers and Ordinary Essay A. Similarity in 1 e.g. choosing a topic asking questions identifying the audience B. Difference mainly in terms of 2 1. research

2、papers: printed sources 2. ordinary essay: ideas in ones 3 . Types and Characteristics of Research Papers A. Number of basic types: two B. 4 : 1. survey-type paper: to gather 5 to quote to 6 The writer should be 7 2. 8 (research) paper: a. The writer should do more, e. g. to interpret to question, e

3、tc. b. 9 varies with the topic, e. g. to recommend an action, etc. c. The writer should 10 deal with the statements it cites . How to Choose a Topic for a Research Paper In choosing a topic, it is important to 11 Question No. 1: whether you 12 the topic Question No. 2: whether relevant information o

4、n the chosen topic 13 Question No. 3: Narrowing the topic down to 14 Question No. 4: Asking questions about 15 The questions help us to work out way into the topic and discover its possibilities. （分数：15.00）三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.A church clergy.B.A psychologist.C.A counselo

5、r.D.A social worker.A.Because they are very annoying for people.B.Because they are very wonderful for people.C.Because they are very common to people.D.Because they are very puzzling to people.A.Negative.B.Positive.C.Neutral.D.Uninterested.A.Bad things.B.Shames.C.Opportunities.D.Disappointments.A.We

6、 have to tolerate regret for a long time.B.Sometimes regret is about the past.C.Regret is a present emotion.D.Regret is about centering around the future.（分数：20.00）A.The paper products.B.The cleaning products.C.The cereals.D.The meats.A.Someone with ticket and carry-ons.B.Someone with ticket and bag

7、gage to check.C.Someone with printing boarding pass and carry-ons.D.Someone with printing boarding pass and baggage to check.A.Christmas cards.B.Envelope flaps.C.Color pens.D.Napkins.A.In the kitchen.B.At the front door.C.In the bathroom.D.In the bedroom.A.How to save time.B.How to do chores.C.How t

8、o bank online.D.How to shop online.四、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：30.00)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one

9、that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE (1) Here on the balmy central coast of California and all across the country, kids are heading back to school. The classes are larger, the No Child Left Behind mandates remain in place and, despite advice from t

10、he nations secretary of health and human services and others, recess and physical education (not to mention art and music instruction) have in many schools been cut back or eliminated. While most of our backpack-laden kids are eager to catch up with friends they havent seen over the summer, the gene

11、ral feeling is that playtime is over. (2) Even if summer does not bring children a complete release from their over-organized, cell-phone-computer-TV-and-video-game-saturated lives, it does offer most a bit of free goof-off timethe sort that leads to physical activity and elective, self-organized pl

12、ay, often in short supply during the school year. Still, its not enough. Goof-off time shouldnt be limited to summer vacation: its important all year. (3) For most American children in the not-so-distant past, going out to play was the norm. Today, according to a University of Michigan study, childr

13、en spend 50 percent less time outside than they did just 20 years agoand the 6.5 hours a day they spend with electronic media means that sitting in front of a screen has replaced going out. (4) Through the lens of play research, we can see that there is a direct line between play deficiencies and so

14、me frightening public health and social trends: tragic statistics for obesity, 4.5 million children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, an increase in childhood depression and classroom behavioral problems involving violence, and an inability to interact well with peers. (5) Jus

15、t an hour a day of vigorous playrunning, chasing, games like tag or dodge ball, and even dealing with or avoiding being excluded from these activitiescan provide intense skill learning. Physical activity is known to lessen the symptoms of mild attention deficit disorder, and is associated with much

16、lower incidences of childhood obesity. Active kids are also more facile intellectually and perform better academically in the long term. (6) Physically engaging play is actually more fun than the virtual sort, and the enlivenment one gets from it can transcend the allure of sedentary life in a two-d

17、imensional, electronic world. But breaking away from the draw of a well-crafted, image-laden on-screen story line requires broad cultural reinforcement. It helps to be aware of how important play is to ones development. To make that happen, we need a change in public consciousness about playto show

18、that it is not trivial or electiveas well as focused community and parental support. (7) Evidence from around the scientific compassneuroscience, psychology, exercise physiology, sociology and developmental biologyhas revealed the importance of play. Deprive a social mammal like a rat or monkey of i

19、ts normal rough-and-tumble play and it enters adulthood emotionally fragile, unable to tell friend from foe, poor at handling stress and lacking the skills to mate properly. (8) My studies of young homicidal males and felony drunken drivers revealed that most had lacked normal, developmentally appro

20、priate rough and tumble play as children and pre-adolescents, while a control population had experienced typical playground give and take during their elementary and middle school years. (9) The differences in playfulness when adulthood arrives (I have followed more than 6,000 detailed play historie

21、s validates the importance of lifelong play. Play-deprived adults are often rigid, humorless, inflexible and closed to trying out new options. Playfulness enhances the capacity to innovate, adapt and master changing circumstances. It is not just an escape. It can help us integrate and reconcile diff

22、icult or contradictory circumstances. And, often, it can show us a way out of our problems. There are numerous examples of difficult, deadlocked negotiations that were broken open by a joke or humorous incident. Many people have had the experience of coming back from vacation brimming with new ideas

23、 for work. The benefits of play come not from rest for the brain, as if play is just a time-out from life. Play is an active process that reshapes our rigid views of the world. (10) True play may seem pointlessit is done for its own sake, because its funbut ultimately it is also useful. From an evol

24、utionary perspective, the smarter the animal, the more they play. For humans, play reinvigorates us not because it is down time, but because it gets us in touch with our core selves and the joy of life. (11) Even if I didnt know all I do about the concrete benefits of play, I would feel sad about th

25、e kids (and their parents) who have given up on play for another nine months. Knowing what I do, I can see that their autumnal devaluation of play is a tragic loss for them and for our society. PASSAGE TWO (1) The conversation was both memorable and sad. It was 1999 and I was in Moscow representing

26、the United States and attempting to promote international religious freedom. In 1997, Russia had adopted a new law on religion, mostly in response to an opportunistic West that had flooded the former Soviet Union with missionaries following the fall of communism. The Russian Orthodox Church and Isla

27、mthe two established majority religionsfelt threatened and conspired with the Russian government to produce the law. Most religious law from authoritarian countries turns out to be bad legislation, and this was no exception. It essentially provided government protection for established religions, wh

28、ile tearing up the welcome mat for anything new. (2) My meeting took place with high-ranking officials of the Orthodox and Islamic faiths. The discussions were candid and clear. The Russian Orthodox Church wanted to maintain a government-sanctioned monopoly on things spiritual. It was obvious that t

29、he Western missionary onslaught had generated great angst. The Russian Church felt dismissed at best, overrun at worst. Missionaries cultural insensitivities contributed much to this hurt, ensuring this legislation as a result. (3) Similarly, Islam felt a need to push back. The imam of Moscow told m

30、e unabashedly that he was losing some of his flock to Western evangelizing efforts and needed the 1997 law to maintain market share (his phrase). This was the sad part of the conversation. I asked rhetorically, What does this say about your faith, your theology, when you need legislation from the go

31、vernment to elevate your beliefs over other beliefs, or to guarantee your market share in the marketplace of spiritual matters? This was legislation that could just as easily be applied to import quotas and price controls! This was certainly not the finest moment for two majority faiths. (4) In a cu

32、lture of religious pluralism, majority faiths bear special responsibilities. Unfortunately, all too often it is the dark side that emerges. Indias Hindus, for example, have recently petitioned the government for a series of anticonversion laws. For the worlds largest democracy, this violation of the

33、 Universal Declaration of Human Rights is appallingly ironic. (5) Pakistans antiblasphemy laws have likewise sullied the moral standing and reputation of Islam. Clumsily written and easily abused, this legislation has most often been used to settle scores with individuals from minority faiths. (6) I

34、n the US, Christianity is the majority faith. As a nation that trumpets the rule of law, our dark side tends to reveal itself in the political process. For instance, in next years presidential sweepstakes, there may be a Mormon on the ticket. Polling data suggest that a significant number of Christi

35、ans will not vote for a Mormon. If this is true, we can also assume that a Jew, a Muslim, or an atheist candidate would lose votes from the Christian majority. This raises an ironic question: Is religious identity the last hurdle for a country that prides itself on having no religious test for polit

36、ical office and in which religious freedom has been woven into the fabric of the rule of law? What does it say when a country is more likely to elect a member of a racial or gender minority than a religious one? At the least, religious majorities need to implement their faith without creating fearfu

37、l minorities. (7) Martin Luther King Jr. summed up why the majority should stand up for all faiths. When one is not free, no one is free. Silence in the face of religious oppression hastens the day when all religions will be diminished. Mutual support among religions does not necessitate religious c

38、ompromise. No faith needs to seek a lower common denominator in order to protect all people of faith, but followers of every religion should respect others beliefs. (8) Any steps toward respect preclude establishing one faith over another. A hierarchy only exacerbates differences. Distinctions are i

39、mportant, but points of commonality should be identified as well. The golden rule, sanctity of life, respect for sacred texts, reconciliation commitments, and other values are represented to some degree in all major religions. Focusing on commonalities creates collective power, instead of a destruct

40、ive wedge. (9) Finally, majority faiths have an obligation to show their best qualities, to demonstrate why the news of their faith is good news. Theological protectionism suggests an insecure theology. On the other hand, having all the answers precludes the humble embrace of the great mysteries of

41、existence. The awesomeness of God is diminished by human absolutes and judgments proffered in easily digestible sound bites. It just may be that our own faith is more attractive to others when respect is evident, humility is the norm, and actions incarnate are our spiritual language. (10) One way we

42、 grade another countrys commitment to human rights is by how that country treats minority populations. Similarly, there is a religious test for majority faiths and how they interact with minority beliefs. And this test is one that all religious majorities ought to prepare forbecause lots of folks ar

43、e watching. PASSAGE THREE (1) At every stage of early development, human babies lag behind infants from other species. A kitten can amble across a room within moments of birth and catch its first mouse within weeks, while its wide-eyed human counterpart takes months to make her first step, and years

44、 to learn even simple tasks, such as how to tie a shoelace or skip a rope, let alone prepare a three-course meal. Yet, in the cognitive race, human babies turn out to be much like the tortoise in Aesops fable: emerging triumphant after a slow and steady climb to the finish. As adults, we drive fancy

45、 sports cars, leap nimbly across football fields and ballet stages, write lengthy dissertations on every conceivable subject, and launch rockets into space. We have a mastery over our selves and our environments that is peculiar to our species. (2) Yet, this victory seems puzzling. In the fable, the

46、 tortoise wins the race because the hare takes a nap. But, if anything, human infants nap even more than kittens! And unlike the noble tortoise, babies are helpless, and more to the point, hopeless. They could not learn the basic skills necessary to their independent survival even if they tried. How

47、 do human babies manage to turn things around in the end? (3) In a recent article in Current Directions in Psychological Science , Sharon Thompson-Schill, Michael Ramscar and Evangelia Chrysikou make the case that this very helplessness is what allows human babies to advance far beyond other animals

48、. They propose that our delayed cortical development is precisely what enables us to acquire the cultural building blocks, such as language, that make up the foundations of human achievement. Indeed, the trio makes clear that our early vulnerability is an evolutionary engineering trade-off, much like the human larynxwhich, while it facilitates the intricate productions of human speech, is actually quite a precarious adaptation for anyone trying to swallow safely. In the same way, they suggest, our ability to learn language comes at the price of an extended perio