专业英语八级（改错）-试卷192及答案解析.doc

1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷192及答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_There are a growing number of language immersion schools in the United States, including one that was founded in Columbia called La Petite Ecole, which teaches children French as a second la

2、nguage at an age when childrens brains are the most compliant. Statistics, however, show that language instruction in regular schools is actually decreasing, and relatively few Americans knowthe second language. Scholars have spent years studying why 1Americans seem to regard the importance of learn

3、ing languages. 2While they have developed theories and posited potential solutionsto, the future of language learning in the United States remains 3hazy. Since 1997, the percentage of elementary and middle schools that offer foreign language courses has dropped significantly, from 31 percent to 25 p

4、ercent at the elementary level and from 75 percent to 58 percent at the middle school level. However, the decline in elementary schools appeared primarilyin public schools, as private elementary schools teaching foreign 4language remained roughly same at 51 percent. The percentage of 5high schools t

5、eaching foreign language have remained at about 91 6percent. This information comes from a nationwide survey of publicand private schools conducting in 2008 by the Center for Applied 7Linguistics in Washington, D. C. Meanwhile, the number of language immersion schools designed to teach a second lang

6、uage to English-speaking children and young adults has actually increased. Since 1962, 367 two-way immersionprogramsschools that pair native English speakers with these who 8speak another native languagedeveloped in 28 states, including 9Washington, D. C. And, as in 2007, 263 total and partial 10imm

7、ersion schools have been established.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_What role does speaking play in second language acquisition? It has no direct role, since language is acquired by comprehensibleinput, but in fact someone who is not able to speak for physical

8、1reasons can still acquire the full ability to understand language. However, speaking does indirectly help in two ways: speaking produces conversation, which produces comprehensible input, and your speaking allows native speakers to judge what level you are atand then adjust their speaking downward

9、you, providing you input 2that is more easily understood. What kind of input is optimal for acquisition? The best input iscomprehensible, which sometimes means that it needs to be slow 3and more carefully articulated, using common vocabulary, more 4slang, and shorter sentences. Optimal input is inte

10、resting and / or relevant and allows the acquirer to focus on the meaning of the message and not on the form of the message. Optimal input is not grammatically sequenced, and a grammatical syllabus should not beused in the language classroom, in a part because all students will 5not be at exactly th

11、e same level and because each structure is often only introduced once before moving on to anything else. Finally, optimal input must focus on quantity, although most languageteachers have to date seriously overestimated how much 6comprehensible input is actually needed for the acquirer to progress.

12、7 In addition to receive the right kind of input, students should 8have their affective filter kept low, meaning that classroom stress should be minimized and students should not be put on thedefensive. One result of this is what students errors should not be 9corrected. Students should be taught ho

13、w to gain more input from the outside world, including helping them acquire conversational competence, the mean of managing conversation. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_It is now clear that the terminology used by a culture primarily reflects that cultures in

14、terests and concerns. Forinstance , Indians in the Canadas Northwest Territories typically 1have at most 13 terms for different types and conditions of snow, 2and most non-skiing native Southern Californians use only 2 terms 3ice and snow. That does not mean that the English language only has 2 term

15、s. Quite the contrary, there are many more English wordsthat refer in different states of frozen water, such as blizzard, 4dusting, flurry, frost, hail, powder, sleet, slush, and snowflake.The point is that these terms are rare if ever used by people living in 5tropical or subtropical regions becaus

16、e they seldom encounter frozenwater in any form rather than ice cubes. The distinctions between 6different snow conditions are not relevant to everyday life andchildren may not even have the words explain to them. However, 7people in these warmer regions make fine distinctions about other phenomena

17、that are important to them. For example, coastal Southern Californians often have dozens of surfing-related words thatwould likely be known to most Indians in the Northwest Territories or 8to people living in Britain for that matter. The number of terms related to a particular topic also may begreat

18、er or smaller depend on such social factors as gender. For 9example, North American women generally make far more colordistinctions than do men. This may be largely due to the fact subtle 10color differences are important factors in womens clothing and make-up. Parents and peers usually encourage an

19、d train girls early to be knowledgeable about these distinctions.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷192答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：There are a growing number of language immersion scho

20、ols in the United States, including one that was founded in Columbia called La Petite Ecole, which teaches children French as a second language at an age when childrens brains are the most compliant. Statistics, however, show that language instruction in regular schools is actually decreasing, and r

21、elatively few Americans knowthe second language. Scholars have spent years studying why 1Americans seem to regard the importance of learning languages. 2While they have developed theories and posited potential solutionsto, the future of language learning in the United States remains 3hazy. Since 199

22、7, the percentage of elementary and middle schools that offer foreign language courses has dropped significantly, from 31 percent to 25 percent at the elementary level and from 75 percent to 58 percent at the middle school level. However, the decline in elementary schools appeared primarilyin public

23、 schools, as private elementary schools teaching foreign 4language remained roughly same at 51 percent. The percentage of 5high schools teaching foreign language have remained at about 91 6percent. This information comes from a nationwide survey of publicand private schools conducting in 2008 by the

24、 Center for Applied 7Linguistics in Washington, D. C. Meanwhile, the number of language immersion schools designed to teach a second language to English-speaking children and young adults has actually increased. Since 1962, 367 two-way immersionprogramsschools that pair native English speakers with

25、these who 8speak another native languagedeveloped in 28 states, including 9Washington, D. C. And, as in 2007, 263 total and partial 10immersion schools have been established.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：thea）填空项1:_（正确答案：regarddisregard）填空项1:_（正确答案：to一去掉to）填空项1:_（正确答案：aswhile）填空项1:_（正确答案：samethe）填空项1:_（正确答案

26、havehas）填空项1:_（正确答案：conductingconducted）填空项1:_（正确答案：thesethose）填空项1:_（正确答案：developedhave）填空项1:_（正确答案：in一of）解析：解析：固定搭配中的介词误用。as of为固定搭配，意思是“直至，到时候为止”，故将介词in改为of。What role does speaking play in second language acquisition? It has no direct role, since language is acquired by comprehensibleinput, but

27、in fact someone who is not able to speak for physical 1reasons can still acquire the full ability to understand language. However, speaking does indirectly help in two ways: speaking produces conversation, which produces comprehensible input, and your speaking allows native speakers to judge what le

28、vel you are atand then adjust their speaking downward you, providing you input 2that is more easily understood. What kind of input is optimal for acquisition? The best input iscomprehensible, which sometimes means that it needs to be slow 3and more carefully articulated, using common vocabulary, mor

29、e 4slang, and shorter sentences. Optimal input is interesting and / or relevant and allows the acquirer to focus on the meaning of the message and not on the form of the message. Optimal input is not grammatically sequenced, and a grammatical syllabus should not beused in the language classroom, in

30、a part because all students will 5not be at exactly the same level and because each structure is often only introduced once before moving on to anything else. Finally, optimal input must focus on quantity, although most languageteachers have to date seriously overestimated how much 6comprehensible i

31、nput is actually needed for the acquirer to progress. 7 In addition to receive the right kind of input, students should 8have their affective filter kept low, meaning that classroom stress should be minimized and students should not be put on thedefensive. One result of this is what students errors

32、should not be 9corrected. Students should be taught how to gain more input from the outside world, including helping them acquire conversational competence, the mean of managing conversation. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：butand）填空项1:_（正确答案：downward一to）填空项1:_（正确答案：slowslower）填空项1:_（正确答案：第二个moreless）填空项1:_

33、正确答案：a一去掉a）填空项1:_（正确答案：overestimatedunderestimated）填空项1:_（正确答案：thean）填空项1:_（正确答案：receivereceiving）填空项1:_（正确答案：whatthat）填空项1:_（正确答案：meanmeans）解析：解析：词义混淆。mean通常作动词，作名词时意为“平均值”，而means为名词，意思是“方法”。根据句意，the means of managing conversation在此作conversational competence的同位语，意为“掌握对话的方法”，故将mean改为means。It is now

34、 clear that the terminology used by a culture primarily reflects that cultures interests and concerns. Forinstance , Indians in the Canadas Northwest Territories typically 1have at most 13 terms for different types and conditions of snow, 2and most non-skiing native Southern Californians use only 2

35、terms 3ice and snow. That does not mean that the English language only has 2 terms. Quite the contrary, there are many more English wordsthat refer in different states of frozen water, such as blizzard, 4dusting, flurry, frost, hail, powder, sleet, slush, and snowflake.The point is that these terms

36、are rare if ever used by people living in 5tropical or subtropical regions because they seldom encounter frozenwater in any form rather than ice cubes. The distinctions between 6different snow conditions are not relevant to everyday life andchildren may not even have the words explain to them. Howev

37、er, 7people in these warmer regions make fine distinctions about other phenomena that are important to them. For example, coastal Southern Californians often have dozens of surfing-related words thatwould likely be known to most Indians in the Northwest Territories or 8to people living in Britain fo

38、r that matter. The number of terms related to a particular topic also may begreater or smaller depend on such social factors as gender. For 9example, North American women generally make far more colordistinctions than do men. This may be largely due to the fact subtle 10color differences are importa

39、nt factors in womens clothing and make-up. Parents and peers usually encourage and train girls early to be knowledgeable about these distinctions.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：the一去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：most一least）填空项1:_（正确答案：andwhile）填空项1:_（正确答案：into）填空项1:_（正确答案：rarerarely）填空项1:_（正确答案：ratherother）填空项1:_（正确答案：explainexplained）填空项1:_（正确答案：knownunknown）填空项1:_（正确答案：dependdepending）填空项1:_（正确答案：fact一that）解析：解析：从句引导词缺失。此句意为“这主要归因于这样一个事实，即微小的颜色差别是女士们穿衣和化妆的重要因素。”这句话的主干是This may be largely due to the fact，fact后面是同位语从句，引导词that不能省略。