专业英语八级翻译分类真题汉译英(一)及答案解析.doc

1、专业英语八级翻译分类真题汉译英(一)及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BCHINESE TO ENGL(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想

2、家等等都莫不如此。（分数：20.00）_2.U中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占有比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多。何况中国古代素来以不滞于物、不为物役为最主要的人生哲学/U。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中华民族多数是中正和平，淡泊，朴实，比西方人容易满足。（分数：20.00）_3.暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云

3、，哪是水湾。 U也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情/U。如果稍稍长久一点儿端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。（分数：20.00）_4.都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今天将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望、一种梦想。 U我想，其实谁都有一个小小花

4、园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要的脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴/U。（分数：20.00）_5.我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机，今天没有手机的人是奇怪的。这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。 手机刷新了人与人之间的关系。会议室门口通常贴着

5、一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。U可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信，他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边/U。 为什么对手机来电和短信这么在乎?因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。（分数：20.00）_专业英语八级翻译分类真题汉译英(一)答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BTRANSLATION/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BCHINESE TO ENGL(总题数：5，分数：

6、100.00)1.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(直译 How on earth significant can ones life be? Is there any scale to measure it

7、? Certainly, it is very difficult to propose an absolute standard, but roughly from how serious one looks at life, what attitude he holds toward labor, work and the like, it is not too hard to estimate the significance of the existence of a certain life. Throughout history, people who achieved great

8、 success all treat their lives very seriously. Even if they have one single day to live, they always labor, work, and study as hard as possible, unwilling to spend their time in vain, and to let go even one single second without doing something. Across ages, laborers, great politicians, thinkers and

9、 so on of our country are all like this. 意译 How significant can a life be? There is no ready-made scale to gauge. Despite the fact that it is difficult to weigh the significance of a life and to express the result in absolute terms, it is not that hard to assess this significance, for attitude towar

10、d life, labor, work and so on are pretty good indicators. Men of great accomplishments of all ages cherish their lives. So long as they are living, they will labor, work, and study, as hard as possible, unwilling to spend their time in vain, and to let go one single second without achievement. Labor

11、ers, great politicians, thinkers and the like of our country, past and present, all cherish their lives the same way.)解析：解析 意义：此处指的是“重要性”，而不是“意思”。前者相当于英语的“be important/significant”或“be of importance/significance”，后者相当于英语的“meaningful”。 标准：衡量的工具或器具，相当于英语的“scale”。常见的错误是把该词理解为standard或criterion，但这两者都不能用

12、来衡量东西的大小、多寡或轻重等。 提出一个绝对的标准：该短句很难直接翻译，拟做适当的变通。把“提出”变通为“确定+表达”，把“绝对的标准”变通为“绝对的单位”。 古来：历史上所有的。 我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此：这句话显然言过其实，如果去掉“我国历代的劳动人民及”才符合实际。但是，翻译考试时，只好按作者原意翻译，在实际翻译时，完全可以删除该部分。可见翻译考试不同于现实生活中的翻译。2.U中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占有比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱

13、原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多。何况中国古代素来以不滞于物、不为物役为最主要的人生哲学/U。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中华民族多数是中正和平，淡泊，朴实，比西方人容易满足。（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(直译 UChinese people have never thought of human beings as the highest creature among all other things. Down the ages, humans have assumed a re

14、latively moderate position in nature, as is reflected in both Chinese arts and philosophy. Man has never been thought of as an absolute ruler or master in nature. We suffer less pains or distress than westerners, for pains and distress increase as our desire and ambition increase. People in agricult

15、ural society enjoy far less than people in industrialized society, so they desire far less. Besides, the ancient Chinese had the following as their philosophy of life: not to be confined by material things, not to be driven by material things/U. This does not mean we do not have misers, but compared

16、 with both Mauriats and Balzacs misers and aspirants, they are dwarfs. The Chinese people are mostly mild, gentle, kind, honest and sincere; they seek neither fame nor wealth, and are thus easier to satisfy than westerners. 意译 UWe Chinese have never thought of human beings as higher than all other t

17、hings. Throughout history, we have assumed a relatively humble position in nature. Both Chinese arts and Chinese philosophy suggest this. We have never thought of man as an absolute ruler or master of all, so we suffer less than westerners. As man desires, so shall he suffer. Agricultural man has fa

18、r fewer things to enjoy than industrial man, so he wants to have far fewer. Besides, the ancient Chinese advocated the philosophy that man is not for material things, and that he shall not be enslaved by material things/U. It is quite true that there are misers in China, but Chinese misers are far l

19、ess miser and less ambitious than those misers and careerists as were created by Mauriat and Balzac. The great majority of us Chinese are moderate, preferring a simple life, and seeking neither fame nor wealthy. On the whole, we Chinese are far easier to satisfy than westerners.)解析：解析 中华民族：即“中国人”，可译

20、作“the Chinese (people)”，“Chinese people”，“we Chinese”等，但不可译作“the Chinese nation”，“Chinese nation”。 自古以来：即“一直是这样”，对应的英语是“throughout their history”，“down the ages”，具体选用哪个取决于句中其他词汇和句式的选定。 万物：一切事物，可译为“all things”或“all”。 占有比例较为恰当的地位：这是傅雷的个人用语，意为“人在万物间的相对地位较适中，不那么极端”。英语可译作“assume a relatively moderate/hum

21、ble position”。 主宰：master. 苦闷：suffer (great pains or distress). 转移：即“变化”、“增减”=“increase”。 不滞于物、不为物役：不被物质所束缚，不被物质所奴役。译为“not be enslaved by material things”或“not be driven by material things”。3.暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云，哪是水湾。 U也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家

22、的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情/U。如果稍稍长久一点儿端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(直译 In the twilight, red clouds filled up the turn of the river valley, mixing up with the color at the edge of the sky. It is impossible to te

23、ll whether it is flying clouds or flowing river. UJust beside this splendid picture, by the riverside, a herd of sheep are looking for food with bent heads. None of them cares to look up and throw a glance at the beautiful twilight. Perhaps they are making use of the last moment to have another mout

24、hful before going home. This is but one scene of the Huanghe River valley. The shepherd, who is nowhere to be seen, must be having a rest somewhere, leaving these lovely creatures to enjoy under the twilight, with full ease and freedom. Here the grass is fresh and tender, making them roly and poly.

25、If you stand close by them, you will see that they are lovely, with snow-white teeth and rich pure-expressions/U. If you look at their faces more carefully, you will have much mercy on them. 意译 In the twilight, the turn of the river valley becomes a beautiful picture, with red clouds filling up the

26、sky, mixing up with the color of the setting sun. So it is impossible to tell the flying clouds from the flowing river. UJust beside this beautiful picture, by the riverside, a herd of sheep are grazing. None cares to raise its head to take a look at nature beauty at dusk. Perhaps they are making us

27、e of their time to enjoy the last mouthful before leaving. This is only one picture of the Huanghe River valley. The shepherd is not seen. He must be having a rest somewhere so that these lovely creatures can enjoy a hearty meal under twilight, freely and easily. They love the tender grass here so m

28、uch, and they are made rolly. Standing close by, you will see how lovely they are. Their teeth are snow-white, and their expressions are rich and pure/U. If you scrutinize their faces carefully, you will have much mercy on them.)解析：解析 “就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边”和“在河湾之畔”是同位语，是对同一件事情的不同描写。 低头觅食：既可作“寻找食物吃”解，即“look

29、for food with bent heads”，也可作“(羊)吃草”解，即“graze”。 美丽的黄昏：beautiful twilight。如果用“dusk”，就要用“at dusk”，其他搭配也要适当调整。如把“看一眼这美丽的黄昏”译作“take a look at nature beauty at dusk”(在黄昏时分看一眼自然这位美人)。 咀嚼：做“羊吃草”解，可译作“enjoy the last mouthful”。 黄河滩：这里必须转换文化视角，按“河谷”翻译成英文，即“Huanghe River valley”。不好用英文中的“beach”，因为这个词一般指“沙滩”、“海滩

30、”，而且英语中没有“河滩”这样的搭配。 享受着这个黄昏：作“在黄昏时享受”解。 水草：草，即“grass”。4.都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今天将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望、一种梦想。 U我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要的脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴

31、晴/U。（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(直译 In metropolises, a square inch of land is worth a thousand square inch of gold. The price of land is being made higher and higher. Todays land is even higher. The hope of having a little garden is, for the common people, a wild wish, or a pipe dream. UI believe everyone, in e

32、ffect, has a small garden &his own. And this garden is our very inner world. Human mind needs developing, and their inner world needs developing, too. Apart from the many aspects we all know, what tells humans from animals, I think, is that humans have an inner world. Heart is no more than an import

33、ant organ, whereas the inner world is full of beautiful sights, which have been gradually formed as the effect of the continuous impact of the outside world. Everyone attaches such great importance to the physical conditions of the heart, of his own, his closest and dearest ones, that a minor diseas

34、e would cause him great anxiety, but not all of them concern the conditions of their inner world/U. 意译 In metropolises, nothing is more expensive than land. The price of land is sky-rocketing day by day. Todays land becomes so expensive that the hope of having a little garden of ones own is nothing

35、but a wild wish, or pipe dream. UIn fact, we all have a small garden of our own. It is nothing but the heart. The mind needs developing, so does the heart. Apart from what we commonly know, the difference between humans and animals, I think, lies in the fact that humans possess the heart. Heart is n

36、o more than an important organ of the body, but the heart is full of beautiful sights, having been formed as it takes nourishment from the outside. Many pay attention to the physical conditions of heart, of their own, their closest and dearest ones, so much that a minor condition would cause them gr

37、eat anxiety, but few concern the conditions of the heart/U.)解析：解析 其实：事实上，本来。但是如果把“我想”翻译成“I think,”“I believe”，就不能把“其实”翻译成“in fact”，“as a matter of fact”等；如果用了后者，就不能用前者，因为它们之间冲突很大。 内心世界：这里指情感世界，情绪(emotion, mood)，英语中可用“the heart”表示，与“the mind”形成对照。 智力：指人的知识和能力方面，与理智同义，相当于英语的“the mind”，“intellectual”等。

38、切忌从字面出发，把它理解为智能或智力测验中的智力。 景观：指值得观看的景色，有明显的倾向性，即有向他人推销或推荐的意图，因此不能用“landscape”翻译，因为“landscape”缺乏这样的倾向性，是个中性词。5.我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机，今天没有手机的人是奇怪的。这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。 手机刷新了人与人之间的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。U可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系

39、。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信，他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边/U。 为什么对手机来电和短信这么在乎?因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(直译 I cannot think of any person I am familiar with who does not have a cellphone. Today, not having a cellphone is a strange thing. Those who do not have cellphones need some explana

40、tions. All our social relations are contained in the phonebook of our cellphone, ready to be called out. In ancient times, only a wizard could have such a magic tool. UThe cellphone has altered human relations. There is usually a note on the door of a conference room, which says: turn off your cellp

41、hones. Despite of this, phones always resound throughout the room. We are all common people who do not have many important things to do. Still, we are reluctant to turn off the phone. When the phone is on, we feel that we are connected with the world. This reflects our thirst for social relations. T

42、he familiar scene is: a person suddenly stops to edit a text message, with his eyes glued to the phone screen, disregarding his location, be it in the center of the road, or beside a rest room/U. Why do we care so much about phone calls or phone messages? Because we have a strong desire to keep in c

43、ontact with our social relations. 意译 I dont know anyone who does not have a handphone. Today, handphones become so popular that anyone who doesnt have one needs some explanations. Our handphone contains all our social relations, ready to be called out. In ancient times, only a wizard could enjoy thi

44、s. UHandphones have changed human relations. Though there is usually a note on the door of a conference room, reading Please turn handphones off , the room always resounds with rings. We are all common people and we do not have so many important things to attend to. And yet, we are not willing to tu

45、rn our handphones off. We feel that when our handphones are on, we are connected with the world. This is a symptom of our thirst for more social life. One may suddenly stop to send a text message with his eyes glued to the phone, not caring whether he is in the center of the road, or by a public lav

46、atory. Such is the most familiar scene/U. Why care so much about handphone calls or messages? Because we do not want to lose touch with our social relations.)解析：解析 手机：有多个对应的英文，有“handphone”，“mobile”，“mobile phone”，“cellphone”。翻译时最好选择其中的一个，不要一会儿用这个，一会儿又用那个。“刷新”作“改变”解，相当于英文的“change”。“人际关系”用“human relations”，而不能用“human relationship”。 手机铃声：不好就字面意