专业英语八级词汇-18及答案解析.doc

1、专业英语八级词汇-18及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Everyone knows that human language can be a superb meansof communication. Therefore, it can be damnably misleading (1) a barrier to peoples understanding with each other, and never (2) more so than when names given for the ease of classification (3) are taken to

2、 mean more than they do. If, for instance, they saythat this man is white and that man coloured, we say no morethan truth as long as we understand that we are speaking only ofthe colour of the skin. We can also make neutral and honest comments (4) such as that A is above average height, has little t

3、han the average (5) intelligence, is red-haired, is born in the north, and is left-handed.The danger raises when we find other men who are white or coloured, (6) who are tall, stupid, red-haired, northerners, or sinister. It isthen we begin to correlate one fact with another and to make assumptions

4、(7) about other characteristics, which we believe are linked to the (8) features we first observe. So that when we talk about the white (9) or the coloured, we are apt to imply and believe that each adjectivetells us more about the person in the question than it can. We (10) are making them into por

5、tmanteau words into which we havepacked our hopes, our wishes, our prejudices and our fears.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words,the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men,unlike

6、 animals, somehow invented certain sound to express thought (1) and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate witheach other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, calling letters, (2) which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which couldbe written. Those sou

7、nds, whether spoken or written in letters, we (3) call words. The power of words, then, lies in their associations-thethings they take up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning (4) for us by experience; and the better we live, the more certain words recall (5) to us the glad and sad even

8、ts of our past; and the more we read and learn,the more the number of words that mean something to us increase. Great (6) writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express thesethoughts in words which appeal powerfully for our minds and emotions. (7) This charming use of words is w

9、hat we call literary style. After all, the (8) real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words whichsing like music, and which by their position and association can movemen with tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and (9) use them accurately, or they wil

10、l make our speech silly and dully. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_There is agreement among linguists who have considered thesituation over half of the worlds languages are moribund, (1) i.e. effectively being passed on to the next generation. We and our (2

11、) children, then, are living in the point in human history where, (3) within perhaps two generations, most languages in the world will die out.This mass extinction of languages may not appear immediate (4) life-threatening. Some will feel that a reduction in numbers of languageswill ease communicati

12、on, and perhaps helps build nations, even global (5) solidarity. But there has been well pointed out that the success of humanity (6) in colonizing the planet has been due to our ability to developcultures suit for survival in a variety of environments. These (7) cultures have everywhere transmitted

13、 by languages, in oral (8) traditions and latter in written literatures. So when language (9) transmission itself breaks down, especially before the advent ofliteracy in a culture, there is always a large loss of inherited knowledge.Valued or not, that knowledge is lost, but humanity is the poorer.

14、Along (10) with it may go a large part of the pride and self-identity of the communityof former speakers.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_After the year 1600, the British Empire began to spread Englisharound the world. That process was given a huge boost in the 2

15、0th centurythrough the business, technology and post-war re-construction effects (1) of the US. Beyond this, there were a number of quite extraordinarytrends in culture, science and the arts that were reinforced these developments. (2) Many of these were spontaneous, but others were high deliberate-

16、the (3) work of the British Council, for example. Either way, English nowstands challenged as the worlds international language. (4) But the English language also has some inherent qualities thatenabled this process even far. English is a mongrel language (5) that has always borrowed heavily from th

17、e other languages. This hasallowed to grow quickly, flexibly, and efficiently. It has developed (6) spontaneously without an Academie Francaise to restrict it, for example, so (7) it has intended towards a simplification-from a more highly inflected (8) language towards becoming a less highly inflec

18、ted one.Therefore, almost every educated person in the entire world knows (9) some English. Very few people anywhere would not consider it essential (10) part of an education in science, art, business, etc. Theres a pretty cleardynamic at work here.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:

19、_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_All of us have different styles of communicating with other people. Our style depends on a lot of things: our educational background, our age, and it also can depend on our gender.The styles that men and women used to communicate have been described (1) as debate vs. relate, repor

20、t vs. rapport, or competitive vs. cooperative .Men often seek straightforward solutions with problems and useful advice (2) therefore women tend to try and establish intimacy by discussing problems (3) and show concern and empathy in order to reinforce relationships. (4) Jennifer Coates, in her book

21、 Women, Men and Language, studiedmen-only and women-only discussion groups and found women (5) talk to each other they reveal a lot about their private lives. They alsostick on to one topic for a long time, let all speakers finish their sentences (6) and try to have everyone participate. Men, on the

22、 other hand, merely (7) talked about their personal relationships and feelings but compete to (8) prove them better informed about current affairs, travel, sport, etc. (9) The topics changed often and the men tried to, over time, establisha reasonably stable hierarchy, with some men dominatingconver

23、sation and the others talking very little. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级词汇-18答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Everyone knows that human language can be a superb meansof communication. Therefore, it can be damnably misleading (1) a barrier to peoples under

24、standing with each other, and never (2) more so than when names given for the ease of classification (3) are taken to mean more than they do. If, for instance, they saythat this man is white and that man coloured, we say no morethan truth as long as we understand that we are speaking only ofthe colo

25、ur of the skin. We can also make neutral and honest comments (4) such as that A is above average height, has little than the average (5) intelligence, is red-haired, is born in the north, and is left-handed.The danger raises when we find other men who are white or coloured, (6) who are tall, stupid,

26、 red-haired, northerners, or sinister. It isthen we begin to correlate one fact with another and to make assumptions (7) about other characteristics, which we believe are linked to the (8) features we first observe. So that when we talk about the white (9) or the coloured, we are apt to imply and be

27、lieve that each adjectivetells us more about the person in the question than it can. We (10) are making them into portmanteau words into which we havepacked our hopes, our wishes, our prejudices and our fears.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：ThereforeHowever）解析：解析 原文中的“人类语言是交流的极好工具”和“它可能造成误导”之间应该是轻微的转折关系，因此将表因

28、果关系的therefore改为however。填空项1:_（正确答案：在a之前加and）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“人类语言可能极易让人误解，可能是人与人之间相百理解的障碍”，因此应该在a之前加上并列连词and，将二者连接为并列的表语。填空项1:_（正确答案：forto）解析：解析 give sth. to sth.意为“将某事物用于某事物”，与原文相符，因此将介词for改为to。填空项1:_（正确答案：colourcolours）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“我们只是在谈论肤色”，而上文提到了白人和有色人种，因此此处的colour要采取复数形式colours。填空项1:_（正确答案：lit

29、tleless）解析：解析 由than可知，原文想要表示比较的概念，因此采用little的比较级less。填空项1:_（正确答案：raisesarises）解析：解析 raise通常用作及物动词，意为“提高，升起”，而原文想要表达的是“发生危险”，因此将其改成意为“出现，发生”的不及物动词arise。填空项1:_（正确答案：在then之后加that）解析：解析 原文采用的应该是强调句型it is.that.，其中that是不可以省略的，因此在被强调词then之后加上that。填空项1:_（正确答案：towith）解析：解析 动词link常与介词with搭配表示“与有关”，因此将介词to改为wi

30、th。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉that）解析：解析 so that意为“以便”而原文想要表达的是“因此我们在谈论白人或有色人种时倾向于认为”，故去掉that，直接用so表示“因此”。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉question之前的the）解析：解析 in question为固定搭配，意为“正被考虑或讨论的”，与原文相符，因此去掉多余的定冠词the。How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words,the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is

31、 that men,unlike animals, somehow invented certain sound to express thought (1) and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate witheach other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, calling letters, (2) which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which couldbe wr

32、itten. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we (3) call words. The power of words, then, lies in their associations-thethings they take up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning (4) for us by experience; and the better we live, the more certain words recall (5) to us the g

33、lad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn,the more the number of words that mean something to us increase. Great (6) writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express thesethoughts in words which appeal powerfully for our minds and emotions. (7) This charming u

34、se of words is what we call literary style. After all, the (8) real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words whichsing like music, and which by their position and association can movemen with tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and (9) use them accurat

35、ely, or they will make our speech silly and dully. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：thoughtthoughts）解析：解析 原文中的thought，feelings，actions和things应该是并列的名词，因此可数名词thought也应采用复数形式，故将thought改为thoughts。填空项1:_（正确答案：callingcalled）解析：解析 插入语calling letters修饰的应该是certain signs，其中signs和call之间应该是被动关系，因此将calling改为过去分词形式call

36、ed。填空项1:_（正确答案：在第一个written之后加down）解析：解析 write down为固定搭配，意为“写下”，与原文刚好相符，因此在第一个written之后加上down，表示这些字母不仅代表某些发音，还能被写下来。填空项1:_（正确答案：takebring）解析：解析 bring up为固定搭配，意为“提出；产生”，原文想要表达的是“词汇组合在我们的意识反应过来之前就产生了”，因此将take改为bring。填空项1:_（正确答案：betterlonger）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“我们活得越久，就有越多的文字”，因此将意为“更好”的better改成意为“更久”的longer

37、。填空项1:_（正确答案：increaseincreases）解析：解析 句子的主语是number，因此将谓语动词increase改为increases。填空项1:_（正确答案：forto）解析：解析 appeal to为固定搭配，意为“吸引”，与原文刚好相符，因此将介词for改为to。填空项1:_（正确答案：AfterAbove）解析：解析 above all为固定搭配，意为“尤其是”，与原文想要表达的“尤其是，真正的诗人是文字方面的大师”相符，因此将after改为above。填空项1:_（正确答案：withto）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“联想可以将人感动得落泪”，而常用于表示达到某种程

38、度的介词是to，因此将with改为to。填空项1:_（正确答案：dullydull）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“它们将使我们的话变得愚蠢而又无聊”，其中silly和dully都应该为形容词，因此将副词dully改为形容词dull。There is agreement among linguists who have considered thesituation over half of the worlds languages are moribund, (1) i.e. effectively being passed on to the next generation. We and

39、our (2) children, then, are living in the point in human history where, (3) within perhaps two generations, most languages in the world will die out.This mass extinction of languages may not appear immediate (4) life-threatening. Some will feel that a reduction in numbers of languageswill ease commu

40、nication, and perhaps helps build nations, even global (5) solidarity. But there has been well pointed out that the success of humanity (6) in colonizing the planet has been due to our ability to developcultures suit for survival in a variety of environments. These (7) cultures have everywhere trans

41、mitted by languages, in oral (8) traditions and latter in written literatures. So when language (9) transmission itself breaks down, especially before the advent ofliteracy in a culture, there is always a large loss of inherited knowledge.Valued or not, that knowledge is lost, but humanity is the po

42、orer. Along (10) with it may go a large part of the pride and self-identity of the communityof former speakers.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：在situation之后加that）解析：解析 此处over half of the worlds languages are moribund(世界上过半的语言都灭绝了)是situation的同位语从句，同位语从句用that连接，不能省略。填空项1:_（正确答案：在effectively前加not）解析：解析 ie意为“也就是说”

43、，是对前文的解释，前文提到，许多语言学家认为世界上超过一半的语言已经灭绝，分析文意可知这里说的是“这些语言已不能有效地流传给下一代”，故要加上not。填空项1:_（正确答案：第一个inat）解析：解析 at the point意为“时刻，现在”，其中的at不能用in代替，本句意为“我们和我们的子孙目前正处在人类历史中的”。填空项1:_（正确答案：immediateimmediately）解析：解析 此处的词要修饰形容词life-threatening(威胁生命的)，故要用副词immediately。填空项1:_（正确答案：helpshelp）解析：解析 由and连接的两个成分的语法形式要保持一致，此处的ease communication和helps build nations由and连接，紧跟前面的助动词will，动词都要用原形，故改为help。填空项1:_（正确答案：thereit）解析：解析 此处it作形式主语，it be pointed out_句型意为“有