专业英语八级真题2014年(暂缺听力音频)及答案解析.doc

1、专业英语八级真题2014年(暂缺听力音频)及答案解析 (总分：110.00，做题时间：195分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：10.00)HowtoReduceStress Lifeisfullofthingsthatcauseusstress.Thoughwemaynotlikestress,wehavetolivewithit. I.Definitionofstress A.(1)_reaction i.e.forceexertedbetweentwotouchingbodies B.humanreaction i.e.responseto(2)_onsome

2、one e.g.increaseinbreathing,heartrate,(3)_. II.(4)_ A.positivestress Whereitoccurs:Christmas,wedding,(5)_ B.negativestress Whereitoccurs:test-takingsituations,friend?sdeath III.Waystocopewithstress A.recognitionofstresssignals -monitorfor(6)_ofstress -findwaystoprotectoneself B.attentiontobodydemand

3、 -effectof(7)_ C.planningandactingappropriately -reasonforplanning -(8)_ofplanning D.learningto(9)_ -e.g.delaycausedbytraffic E.pacingactivities -manageabletask -(10)_（分数：10.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).WhatisthemainpurposeofAng

4、elinesvisittoIraq? （分数：1.00）A.To look after refugees in Iraq.B.To draw attention to the refugee crisis.C.To work for U.N.H.C.R.D.Toworkoutaplanforrefugees.(2).FromtheinterviewweknowthatAngelina _ . （分数：1.00）A.was strongly opposed to officials?opinionsB.thought young kids should be given priorityC.pr

5、oposed that policies be made promptlyD.was much worried about the lack of action(3).WhichofthefollowingBESTexplainswhattheglobalcommunityshoulddo? （分数：1.00）A.To take prompt and effective actions.B.To supervise the construction of schools.C.To provide water and power supply.D.To prevent instability a

6、nd aggression.(4).AccordingtoAngelina,whatisthekeyissueinsolvingtherefugeeproblem? （分数：1.00）A.The current situation in Iraq.B.The politics in the Middle East.C.Refugees returning to normal life.D.International and domestic efforts.(5).AngelinasacktothesawhertriptoIraqsignificantbecauseshecould _ . （

7、分数：1.00）A.help others know where the problems wereB.help bring NGOs back to the regionC.talk to different people thereD.read the official papers三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：3，分数：6.00)1.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.attheendofnewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.what

8、isthemainideaofthenewsitem? （分数：2.00）A.Alitalia?s attempt to help Wind Jet out.B.Cancellation of flights at Rome Airport.C.Problems caused by Wind Jet?s cash shortage.D.Expected changes of Wind.Questions7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofnewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestion.Now

9、listentothenews.（分数：2.00）(1).WhatdidtheresearchersdiscoverinnorthernKenya? （分数：1.00）A.Three species of humans.B.Three human fossils.C.A human skull.D.A human tooth.(2).Whatwasthesignificanceofthediscovery? （分数：1.00）A.The finding were published in Nature.B.More research efforts were encouraged.C.Most

10、 research questions were answered.D.It support an existing assumption.Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofnewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.（分数：2.00）(1).Theairportoriginallydecidedtocoveruptheposterbecause_. （分数：1.00）A.some international travelers

11、 complainerB.the art exhibition was to be postponedC.otherartists?workswereabsentfromadsD.real-lifemodelswouldappearonthescene(2).WhatwasthereactionoftheNationalGalleriesofScotland? （分数：1.00）A.HorrifiedB.IndignantC.SurprisedD.Outraged四、PARTIIREADINGCOMPREH(总题数：4，分数：20.00)TextA MyclassatHarvardBusine

12、ssSchoolhelpsstudentsunderstandwhatgoodmanagementtheoryisandhowitisbuilt.Ineachsession,welookatonecompanythroughthelensesofwhatactionswillyieldtheneededresults.Onthelastdayofclass,IaskmystudenttoturnthosetheoreticallessononthemselvestofindanswerstotwoquestionsFirst,HowcanIbesureIllhappyinmycareer?Se

13、cond,HowcanIbesuremyrelationshipswithmyspouseandmyfamilywillbecomeanenduringsourceofhappiness?Howaresomemanagementtoolsthatcanbeusedtohelpyoulesdapurposefullife. 1USEYOURRESOURCESWISELY.Yourdecisionsaboutallocationyourpersonaltime,energy,andtalentshapeyourlife?sstrategy.Ihaveabunchof“businesses”that

14、competefortheseresources:I?mtryingtohavearewardingrelationshipwithmywife,raisegreatkids,contributetomycommunity,succeedinmycareer,andcontributetomychurch.AndIhaveexactlythesameproblemthatacorporationdoes.Ihavealimitedamountoftime,energy,andtalent.HowmuchdoIdevotetoeachofthosepursuits? Allocationchoi

15、cescanmakeyourlifeturnouttobeverydifferentfromwhatyouintendedsometimesthat?sgood:Opportunitiesthatyouneverplannedforemerge.Butifyoudon?tinvestyourresourceswisely,theoutcomemakecanbebad.AsIthinkaboutpeoplewhoinadvertentlyinvestedinlivesofhollowunhappiness,Ican?thelpbelievingthattheirtroublesrelaterig

16、htbacktoashort-termperspective. Whenpeoplewithahighneedforachievementhaveaanextrahalfhouroftimeoranextraounceofenergy,they?llunconsciouslyallocateittoactivitiesthatyieldthemosttangibleaccomplishment.Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatweremovingforward.Youshipaproduct,finishadesign,completea

17、presentation,closeasale,teachaclass,publishapaper,getpaid,getpromoted.Incontrast,investingtimeandenergyinyourrelationshipwithyourspouseandchildrentypicallydoesn?tofferthatsameimmediatesenseofachievement.Kidsmisbehaveeveryday.It?sreallynotuntil20yearsdowntheroadthatyoucansay,“Iraisedagoodsonorgooddau

18、ghter.”Youcanneglectyourrelationshipwithyourspouse,andonadailybasisitdoesn?tseemasifthingsaredeteriorating.Peoplewhoaredriventoexcelhavethisunconsciouspropensitytounderinvestintheirfamiliesandoverinvestintheircareers,eventhoughintimateandlovingfamilyrelationshiparethemostpowerfulandsourceofhappiness

19、. Ifyoustudytherootcauseofbusinessdisasters,overandoveryou?llfindthispredispositiontowardendeavorsthatofferimmediategratification.Ifyoulookatpersonallivesthroughthatlens,you?llseethesamestunningandsoberingpattern:peopleallocatingfewerandfewerresourcestothethingstheywouldhaveoncesaidmatteredmost. 2CR

20、EATEAFAMILYCULTURE.It?sonethingtoseeintothefoggyfuturewithacuityandchartthecoursecorrectionacompanymusttake.Butit?squiteanothertopersuadeemployeestolineupandworkcooperativelytotakethecompanyinthatnewdirection. Whenthereislittleagreement,youhavetouse“powertools”-coercion,threats,punishment,andsoon,to

21、securecooperation.Butifemployees?waysofworkingtogethersucceedoverandover,consensusbeginstoform.Ultimately,peopledon?teventhinkaboutwhethertheirwayyieldssuccess.Theyembraceprioritiesandfollowproceduresbyinstinctandassumptionratherthanbyexplicitdecision,whichmeansthatthey?vecreatedaculture.Culture,inc

22、ompellingbutunspokenways,dictatestheproven,acceptablemethodsbywhichmembersofagroupaddressrecurrentproblems.Andculturedefinestheprioritygiventodifferenttypesofproblems.Itcanbeapowerfulmanagementtool. Iusethismodeltoaddressthequestion,HowcanIbesuremyfamilybecomesanenduringsourceofhappiness?Mystudentsq

23、uicklyseethatthesimplestwayparentscanelicitcooperationfromchildrenistowieldpowertools.Buttherecomesapointduringtheteenyearswhenpowertoolsnolongerwork.Atthatpoint,parentsstartwishingtheyhadbegunworkingwiththeirchildrenataveryyoungagetobuildacultureinwhichchildreninstinctivelybehaverespectfullytowardo

24、neanother,obeytheirparents,andchoosetherightthingtodo.Familieshavecultures,justascompaniesdo.Thoseculturescanbebuiltconsciously. Ifyouwantyourkidstohavestrongself-esteemandtheconfidencethattheycansolvehardproblems,thosequalitieswon?tmagicallymaterializeinhighschool.Youhavetodesignthemintoyourfamily?

25、sculture,andyouhavetothinkaboutthisveryearlyon.Likeemployees,childrenbuildself-esteembydoingthingsthatarehardandlearningwhatworks.（分数：5.00）(1).Accordingtotheauthor,thekeytosuccessfulallocationofresourcesinyoulifedependsonwhetheryou _ . （分数：1.00）A.have long-term planningB.can manage your time wellC.a

26、re lucky enough to have new opportunitiesD.can solve both company and family problems(2).Whatistheroleofthestatement“Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatweremovingforward.”withreferencetothepreviousstatementintheparagraph? （分数：1.00）A.To present a contrast.B.To provide a definition.C.To offer

27、 further explanation.D.To illustrate career development.(3).Accordingtotheauthor,acommoncauseoffailureinbusinessandfamilyrelationshipsis _ . （分数：1.00）A.lack of planningB.short-sightednessC.shortage of resourcesD.decision by instinct(4).Accordingtotheauthor,whendoesculturebegintoemerge? （分数：1.00）A.Wh

28、en people use “power tools” to reach agreement.B.When people realize the importance of consensus.C.When people as a group decide how to succeed.D.When people decide what and how to do by instinct.(5).Oneofthesimilaritiesbetweencompanycultureandfamilycultureisthat _ . （分数：1.00）A.culture needs to be n

29、urturedB.cooperation is the foundationC.respect and obedience are key elementsD.problem-solving ability is essentialTextB Itwasnearlybedtimeandwhentheyawokenextmorninglandwouldbeinsight.Dr.Macphaillithispipeand,leaningovertherail,searchedtheheavensfortheSouthCross.Aftertwoyearsatthefrontandawoundtha

30、thadtakenlongertohealthanitshould,hewasgladtosettledownquietlyatApia(阿皮亚，西萨摩亚首都)fortwelvemonthsatleast,andhefeltalreadybetterforthejourney.Sincesomeofthepassengerswereleavingtheshipnextdaytheyhadhadalittledancethateveningandinhisearshammeredstilltheharshnotesofthemechanicalpiano.Butthedeckwasquietat

31、last.AlittlewayoffhesawhiswifeinalongchairtalkingwiththeDavidsons,andhestrolledovertoher.Whenhesatdownunderthelightandtookhishatyousawthathehadveryredhair,withabaldpatchonthecrown,andthered,freckledskinwhichaccompaniedredhair,hewasamanofforty,thin,withapinchedface,preciseandratherpedantic;andhespoke

32、withaScotsaccentinaverylow,quietvoice. BetweentheMacphailsandtheDavidsons,whoweremissionaries,therehadarisentheintimacyofshipboard,whichisduetoproximityratherthantoanycommunityoftaste.Theirchieftiewasthedisapprovaltheysharedofthemenwhospenttheirdaysandnightsinthesmoking-roomplayingpokerorbridgeanddr

33、inking.Mrs.MacphailwasnotalittleflatteredtothinkthatsheandherhusbandweretheonlypeopleonboardwithwhomtheDavidsonswerewillingtoassociate,andeventhedoctor,shybutnofool,halfunconsciouslyacknowledgedthecompliment.Itwasbecausehewasofanargumentativemindthatintheircabinatnighthepermittedhimselftocarp（唠叨）. “

34、Mrs.Davidsonswassayingshedidn?tknowhowthey?dhavegotthroughthejourneyifithadn?tbeenforus,”saidMrs.Macphail,assheneatlybrushedouthertransformation（假发）.“Shesaidwewerereallytheonlypeopleontheshiptheycaredtoknow.” “Ishouldn?thavethoughtamissionarywassuchabigbug（要人、名士）thathecouldaffordtoputonfrills（摆架子）.”

35、 “It?snotfrills.Iquiteunderstandwhatshemeans.Itwouldn?thavebeenverynicefortheDavidsonstohavetomixwithallthatroughlotinthesmoking-room.” “Thefounderoftheirreligionwasn?tsoexclusive,saidDr.Macphailwithachuckle. I?veaskedyouoverandoveragainnottojokeaboutreligion,?answeredhiswife.?Ishouldn?tliketohavean

36、aturelikeyours,Alec.Youneverlookforthebestinpeople.? Hegaveherasidelongglancewithhispale,blueeyes,butdidnotreply.Aftermanyyearsofmarriedlifehehadlearnedthatitwasmoreconductivetopeacetoleavehiswifewiththelastword.Hewasundressesbeforeshewas,andclimbingintothebunkhesettleddowntoreadhimselftosleep. When

37、hecameondecknextmorningtheywereclosetoland.Helookedatitwithgreedyeyes.Therewasathinstripofsliverbeachrisingquicklytohillscoveredtothetopwithluxuriantvegetation.Thecoconuttree,thickandgreen,camenearlytothewater?sedge,andamongthemyousawthegrasshousesofSamoans(萨摩亚人);andhereandthere,gleamingwhite,alittl

38、echurch.Mrs.Davidsoncameandstoodbesidehim.Shewasalittlewoman,withbrown,dullhairveryelaboratelyarranged,andshehadprominentblueeyesbehindinvisiblepince-nez(夹鼻眼镜).Herfacewaslong,likeasheep?s,butshegavenoimpressingoffoolishness,ratherofextremealertness;shehadthequickmovementsofabird.Themostremarkablethi

39、ngaboutherwashervoice,high,metallic,andwithoutinflexion;itfellontheearwithahardmonotony,irritatingtothenerveslikethepitilessclamorofthepneumaticdrill. Thismustseemlikehometoyou,?saidDr.Macphail,withhisthin,difficultsmile. Oursarelowislands,youknow,notlikethese.Coral.Thesearevolcanic.We?vegotanothert

40、endays?journeytoreachthem.? Inthesepartsthat?salmostlikebeinginthenextstreetathome,?saidDr.Macphailfacetiously. Well,that?sratheranexaggeratedwayofputtingit,butonedoeslookatdistancesdifferentlyinSouthSeas.Sofaryouareright.? Dr.Macphailsighedfaintly.（分数：5.00）(1).itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphth

41、atDr.Macpail_. （分数：1.00）A.enjoyed the sound of the mechanical pianoB.preferred quietness to noiseC.was going back to his hometownD.wanted to be friend the Davidsons(2).TheMacphailsandtheDavidsonswereineachother?scompanybecausethey _. （分数：1.00）A.shared dislike for some passengersB.had similar religio

42、us beliefC.liked each otherD.had similar experience(3).WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTdescribesMrs.Macphail? （分数：1.00）A.She was good at making friends.B.She was prone to quarreling with her husband.C.She was skillful in dealing with strangers.D.She was easy to get along with.(4).Allthefollowingadj

43、ectivescanbeusedtodepictMrs.DavidsonEXCEPT_ .（分数：1.00）A.IrritableB.UnapproachableC.UnpleasantD.Arrogant(5).WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDr.MacphailisINCORRECT? （分数：1.00）A.He is made fun of the Davidsons.B.He was afraid of his wifeC.He was intelligent.D.He was sociable.TEXTC Todaywemakeroomforar

44、emarkablynarrowrangeofpersonalitystyles.Wearetoldthattobegreatistobebold,tobehappyistobesociable.Weseeourselvesasanationofextroverts-whichmeansthatwehavelostsightofwhowereallyare.One-thirdtoone-halfofAmericansareintroverts-inotherwords,oneoutofeverytwoorthreepeopleyouknow.Ifyouarenotanintrovertyours

45、elf,youaresurelyraising,managing,marriedto,orcoupledwithone. Ifthesestatisticssurpriseyou,thatisprobablybecausesomanypeoplepretendtobeextroverts.Closeintrovertspassundetectedonplaygrounds,inhighschoollockerrooms,andinthecorridorsofcorporateAmerica.Somefooleventhemselves,untilsomelifeeventalayoff,ane

46、mptynest,aninheritancethatfreesthemtospendtimeastheylike-joltsthemintotakingstockoftheirtruenatures.Youhaveonlytoraisethissubjectwithyourfriendsandacquaintancestofindthatthemostunlikelypeopleconsiderthemselvesintroverts. Itmakessensethatsomanyintrovertshideevenfromthemselves.Welivewithavaluesystemth

47、atIcalltheExtrovertIdealtheomnipresentbeliefthattheidealselfisgregarious,andcomfortableinthespotlight.Thearchetypalextrovertprefersactiontocontemplation,risk-takingtoheed-taking,certaintytodoubt.Hefavoursquickdecisions,evenattheriskofbeingwrong.Sheworkswellinteamsandsocializesingroups.Weliketothinkthatwevalueindividuality,butalltoooftenweadmireonetypeofindividualthekindwho?scomfortable“puttinghimselfoutthere.”Sure,weallowtechnologicallygiftedlonerswholaunchcompaniesingaragestohaveanypersonalitytheyplease,buttheyaretheexceptions,nottherule,andourtoleranc