专业英语四级-150及答案解析.doc

1、专业英语四级-150及答案解析 (总分：99.90，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：2，分数：100.00)Section A Multiple-Choice Questions Passage 1 One of the most intriguing stories of the Russian Revolution concerns the identity of Anastasia, the youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas . During his reign over Russia, the Czar ha

2、d planned to revoke many of the harsh laws established by previous czars. Some workers and peasants, however, clamored for more rapid social reform. In 1918 a group of these people, known as Bolsheviks, overthrew the government. On July 17 or 18, they murdered the Czar and what was thought to be his

3、 entire family. Although witnesses vouched that all the members of the Czars family had been executed, there were rumors suggesting that Anastasia had survived. Over the years, a number of women claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia. Perhaps the best known claimant was Anastasia Tschaikovsky, who wa

4、s also known as Anna Anderson. In 1920, eighteen months after the Czars execution, this terrified young woman was rescued from drowning in a Berlin river. She spent two years in a hospital, where she attempted to reclaim her health and shattered mind. The doctors and nurses thought that she resemble

5、d Anastasia and questioned her about her background. She disclaimed any connection with the Czars family. Eight years later, though, she claimed that she was Anastasia. She said that she had been rescued by two Russian soldiers after the Czar and the rest of her family had been killed. Two brothers

6、named Tschaikovsky had carried her into Romania. She had married one of the brothers, who had taken her to Berlin and left her there, penniless and without a vocation. Unable to invoke the aid of her mothers family in Germany, she had tried to drown herself. During the next few years, scores of the

7、Czars relatives, ex-servants, and acquaintances interviewed her. Many of these people said that her looks and mannerisms were evocative of the Anastasia that they had known. Her grandmother and other relatives denied that she was the real Anastasia, however. Tired of being accused of fraud, Anastasi

8、a immigrated to the United States in 1928 and took the name Anna Anderson. She still wished to prove that she was Anastasia, though, and returned to Germany in 1933 to bring suit against her mothers family. There she declaimed to the court, asserting that she was indeed Anastasia and deserved her in

9、heritance. In 1957, the court decided that it could neither confirm nor deny Anastasias identity. Although we will probably never know whether this woman was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, her search to establish her identity has been the subject of numerous books, plays, and movies. Passage 2 Much of

10、 the information we have today about chimpanzees comes from the groundbreaking, long-term research of the great conservationist, Jane Goodall. Jane Goodall was born in London, England, on April 3, 1934. On her second birthday, her father gave her a toy chimpanzee named Jubilee. Jubilee was named aft

11、er a baby chimp in the London Zoo, and seemed to foretell the course Janes life would take. From an early age, Jane was fascinated by animals and animal stories. As a young woman, Jane finished school in London, attended secretarial school, and then worked for a documentary filmmaker for a while. Wh

12、en a school friend invited her to visit Kenya, she worked as a waitress until she had earned the fare to travel there by boat. She was 23 years old. Once in Kenya, she met Dr. Louis Leakey, a famous paleontologist and anthropologist. He was impressed with her thorough knowledge of Africa and its wil

13、dlife, and hired her as an assistant. Dr. Leakey soon realized that Jane was the perfect person to complete a study he had been planning for some time. She expressed her interest in the idea of studying animals by living in the wild with them, rather than studying dead animals through paleontology.

14、However, Jane faced many challenges as she began her work. The chimpanzees did not accept her right away, and it took months for them to get used to her presence in their territory. But she was very patient and remained focused on her goal. Little by little, she was able to enter their world. At fir

15、st, she was able to watch the chimpanzees only from a great distance, using binoculars. As time passed, she was able to move her observation point closer to them while still using camouflage. Eventually, she was able to sit among them, touching, patting, and even feeding them. It was an amazing acco

16、mplishment for Jane, and a breakthrough in the study of animals in the wild. Jane named all of the chimpanzees that she studied, stating in her journals that she felt they each had a unique personality. One of the first significant observations that Jane made during the study was that chimpanzees ma

17、ke and use tools, much like humans do, to help them get food. It was previously thought that humans alone used tools. Also thanks to Janes research, we now know that chimps eat meat as well as plants and fruits. In many ways, she has helped us to see how chimpanzees and humans are similar. In doing

18、so, she has made us more sympathetic toward these creatures, while helping us to better understand ourselves. The study started by Jane Goodall in 1960 is now the longest field study of any animal species in their natural habitat. Research continues to this day in Gombe and is conducted by a team of

19、 trained Tanzanians. Dr. Jane Goodall is now the worlds most renowned authority on chimpanzees, having studied their behavior for nearly 40 years. She has published many scientific articles, has written two books, and has won numerous awards for her ground-breaking work. Passage 3 When Denis Hennequ

20、in took over as the European boss of McDonalds in January 2004, the worlds biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France, where Mr. Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the groups Fren

21、ch subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where antiglobalisers favourite enemy operates. So far Mr. Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the b

22、est annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the groups profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly. Mr. Hennequins recipe

23、 for revival is to be more open about his companys operations, to be locally relevant, and to improve the experience of visiting his 6,400 restaurants. McDonalds is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr

24、. Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns. He introduced open door visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonalds through the visitors programme last year. The Nutrition Information In

25、itiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonalds packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners. Mr. Hennequin also wants people to know that McJobs, the low-paid menial jobs at McDonalds restaurants, are much

26、better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a McPassport that allows McDonalds employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easi

27、ly available to McDonalds managers across the continent. To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonalds employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonalds in Russia, though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of

28、its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.

29、In his previous job Mr. Hennequin established a design studio in France to spruce up his companys drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a food studio, where cooks devise new recipes in response to lo

30、cal trends. Given Frances reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonalds revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the companys most profitable market after America. The market where McDonalds

31、 is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain. Fixing Britain should be his priority, says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonalds restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the vol

32、atility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr. Palmer. M. Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European company-owned restaurants margins will increase slightly t

33、o 16.4% in 2007. This is still less than in the late 1990s and below Americas 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr. Hennequins reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the groups top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.（分数：49.95）(1).According to

34、 the passage, _. (Passage 1)（分数：3.33）A.Anastasia is still aliveB.Anastasia is the only child of Czar Nicholas C.many have tried to claim the identity of AnastasiaD.Anastasia died in an execution(2).When Anastasia Tschaikovsky was in the hospital, _. (Passage 1)（分数：3.33）A.she changed her nameB.she cl

35、aimed that she came from a royal familyC.she was weak both physically and mentallyD.she did not like the doctors or nurses(3).Which of the following is nearest in meaning to invoke in Paragraph 4? (Passage 1)（分数：3.33）A.Call on.B.Cause.C.Look for.D.Speak of.(4).According to the Czars relatives, ex-se

36、rvants, and acquaintances, _. (Passage 1)（分数：3.33）A.Anna Anderson is the real Anastasia who survived the executionB.Anna Anderson is a liarC.Anna Anderson is madD.Anna Anderson reminds them of the Anastasia they know because of similar looks and behavior(5).Which of the following is NOT one of the r

37、easons Dr. Leakey chose Jane to work with him? (Passage 2)（分数：3.33）A.She knew a lot about Africa.B.She knew a lot about African wildlife.C.She earned the money to travel to Africa on her own.D.She was interested in studying animals in the wild.(6).Which of the following is NOT true of chimpanzees? (

38、Passage 2)（分数：3.33）A.Chimpanzees are often comfortable with strangers right away.B.Chimpanzees eat meat as well as plants and fruit.C.Chimpanzees use tools to help them get food.D.Different chimpanzees have different personalities.(7).It can be inferred from the passage that Jane is NOT _. (Passage

39、2)（分数：3.33）A.patientB.hardworkingC.courageousD.conservative(8).Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE? (Passage 3)（分数：3.33）A.It tends to make people fat.B.Its operations are very vague.C.It tends to exploit workers.D.It tends to treat animals cruelly.(9).Which o

40、f the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result? (Passage 3)（分数：3.33）A.Food studio scheme.B.Open Door visitor days.C.The McPassport scheme.D.The Nutrition Information Initiative.(10).What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends? (Passage 3)（分数：3.33）A.Set u

41、p a food studio.B.Established a design studio.C.Hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.D.Employed local bosses as much as possible.(11).Section B Short Answer Questions Whats the authors opinion about Anna Anderson? (Passage 1)（分数：3.33）_(12).What is the authors purpose in writing this article?

42、 (Passage 2)（分数：3.33）_(13).What does authority in the last paragraph mean? (Passage 2)（分数：3.33）_(14).What does the word sterling in Line 4 of Paragraph 1 mean? (Passage 3)（分数：3.33）_(15).What is the best title for the passage? (Passage 3)（分数：3.33）_Section A Multiple-Choice Questions Passage 1 Barack

43、Obama declared war on Wall Street last night as he unveiled a series of measures aimed at checking the behaviour of banks. The proposals, regarded as the biggest regulatory crackdown on banks since the 1930s, would limit the size of institutions and bar them from the most cavalier trading practices.

44、 Mr. Obama hopes that the move will reset his flagging presidency. We should no longer allow banks to stray too far from their central mission of serving their customers, he said. My resolve to reform the system is only strengthened when I see record profits at some of the very firms claiming that t

45、hey cannot lend more to small business, cannot keep credit card rates low and cannot refund taxpayers for the bailout. If these folks want a fight, its a fight Im ready to have. Never again will the American taxpayer be held hostage by a bank that is too big to fail. Flanked by his economic advisers

46、, he said that Wall Street banks must: halt proprietary trading, where banks risk huge sums predicting the outcome of future moves in the price of commodities such as oil; operate more cautiously and have more available funds; not become too large by limiting the amount of ordinary banking business

47、they can undertake. In Britain, the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats pounced on the Presidents words, claiming that they had been calling for similar measures for some time. The Treasury said that it would study his moves carefully. Mr. Obamas comments prompted heavy falls in stock markets on both sides of the Atlantic. The FTSE100 fell 85.70 points to 5335.1a fall of 1.6 per centwhile on Wall Street share