2014年名校模拟试题分类汇编英语 专题18 阅读理解 科普类及答案解析.docx

1、2014年名校模拟试题分类汇编英语专题18阅读理解科普类【2013届江苏扬州中学高三最后一卷】D(The Guardian)More UK universities should be profiting from ideasA repeated criticism of the UKs university sector is its noticeable weakness in translatingnew knowledge into new products and services.Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned

2、the UK could lose its place among theworld leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured,despite an annual 40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not doenou

3、gh in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from arelatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercializationactivity.When viewed at the nation

4、al level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decadehave helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UKsposition is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But nationaldata masks the very large variation in the perform

5、ance of individual universities. The evidenceshows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few performstrongly and the rest chase the leaders.This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across othereconomies. In the UK, research is co

6、ncentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% ofthe research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest shareof PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has al

7、so created a distinctive set of universities which areresearch-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research andcommercialization work creates differences between universities.The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact o

8、ftheir research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of theuniversity or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generatingthe widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale ofinvestment, they

9、 should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greaterconfidence in the sector.Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of researchcommercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, thereare th

10、ree dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research trainingand commercialization work. If there was a greater coordination（协调）of technology transfer offices within regions and asimultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our gradua

11、teschools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growthcycle.【小题1】67. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization? A. They have lost their leading position in many ways.B. They still have a place among the world leaders.C.

12、They do not regard it as their responsibility.D. They fail to change knowledge into money.【小题2】68. What does the author say about the national data on UK universitiesperformance incommercialization?A. It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.B. It indicates their ineffective use of governm

13、ent resources.C. It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.D. It does not reflect the differences among universities.【小题3】69. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions (in Paragraph 4)” refers to_.A. concentration of resources in a limited number of universities B. compulso

14、ry cooperation between universities and industriesC. government aid to non-research-oriented universitiesD. fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions【小题4】70. What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?A. Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of

15、society.B. Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.C.Advertise their research to win international recognition.D. Spread their influence among top research institutions.解析：本文介绍的是更多的英国大学应凭创意(科研成果转化成产品)获利。【小题1】B推理判断题。该题问的是作者对英国大学在商业化方面的看法。首段提出人们对英国大学由知识向产品服务转化过程方面的批评，第二段整体用调查数据证明首段

16、对英国的大学的负面观点，提出英国大学在干细胞研究领域将会失去世界领先地位。但这些都并非 作者观点，同时在第三段短首出现转折，然后引入作者方面的观点。可知作者观点与首二段相反，他并不认为英国失去世界领先地位。第三段末句更提出英国大学在许多商业活动方面仍领先全球。可知作者认为英国大学仍大体领先世界，总体持正面肯定态度。【小题2】D推理判断题。该题问的是作者对英国大学商业化表现的国家统计数据的看法。由national data可定位至第四段转折后，“But national data masks the very large variation in theperformance of indivi

17、dual universities.”提到数据掩盖了单个大学之间表现的差距。masks(掩盖)同义改写为does not reflect，variation同义改写为differences。【小题3】A词义猜测题。仅从字面意思“政策干预”还不足以选出答案，需要结合上下文。该短语所在的第四段提到这种“政策干预”促进了英国大学整体表现的提高。但之后转折指出，英国大学个体之间存在较大差异。第五段首更是将第四段强调的现象总结为“分配不平均”(uneven distribution)。由此可知这种“政策干预”指的应是政府对一部分大学的偏向性支持，而对更多的大学则支持不够，造成资源分配不均。对应A选项“资

18、源集中在少数大学手中”。 【小题4】A该题问的是作者对研究先导型大学的建议。由research-led universities可定位至全文第六段。该段中部用rather转折引出作者觉得这些大学应该(should)产生最广的社会、经济与环境等各方面效益(widest range)，应该分享他们的专业技术资源，让整个领域(build greaterconfidence in the sector)都构筑起信心，此即为建议。对应A选项，仅有A选项说“充分利用 它们的研究成果使各行各业收益”。B项提到的与缺乏资金的学校分享设施、C项提到的扩大国际影响与D项提到的扩大在顶级研究机构中的影响范围均太窄。

19、答案：【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】A【2013届江苏扬州中学高三最后一卷】CRae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard,they also relax just as well. Numerousvacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional well-being一and its no surpriseto health care professionals.“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are

20、 very important for peoples well-being and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities, such as exercise and meditation, but vacation isan important part of this as well,” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One MedicalGroup in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of h

21、eart disease and improved reaction time assome of the benefits from taking some time off. “We also know that the mind is very powerful andcan help with healing, so a rested, relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better,” said Withers.Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind. “T

22、he impact that taking a vacationhas on ones mental health is great,” said Francine Lederer, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeleswho specializes in stress and relationship management. “Most people have better life perspectiveand are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation, even if it

23、 is a 24- hour time-out.”The trips could be good for their health, good for their family and good for their businesses.The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010, andaccording to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days一but only used 14 of them.Fra

24、nce topped the list, with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job oftenare valued, but thats not always good for the individual, the family or the employer.Psychologists have also fo

25、und that people who dont take enough time to relax may find itharder to relax in the future. “Without time and opportunity to do this, the nerve connections thatproduce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker, making it actually more difficult toshift into less-stressed states,” Mulhem said.

26、【小题1】64. How did the author introduce the topic of the text?A. By making comparisons.B. By giving an example.C. By raising questions.D. By providing data.【小题2】65. Expedias survey shows thatAmericans _.A. dislike family gatherings B. have the shortest vacationC. enjoy as many vacations as the FrenchD

27、. think much of spending long hours on the job【小题3】66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. One should never wait to relax. B. Work and rest go against each other.C. Time and opportunity wait for no man.D.Arelaxed mind determines everything.解析：文章介绍了人们通过休假可以对思维有好的影响，得到放松，对未来的工作有好的影响。文章分析了具

28、体的原因。【小题1】B推理判断题。文章的主题是假期对人们的重要性，是通过Rae and Bruce Hostetler的例子引出这个话题的。【小题2】D推理判断题。从第三段的句子“Americans responses may not be surprising in aculture where long hours on the job often are valued美国人的反应可能是不足为奇。在美国文化中，长时间的工作常常受到人们的看重”可知美国人很重视长时间的工作。【小题3】A推理判断题。从最后一段的句子“Psychologists have also found that peop

29、le whodont take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future.心理学家还发现不花时 间去放松的人会发现将来去放松更加难以做到”可推知人们现在就应该放松自己。答案：【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】A【2014届四川省成都市高三摸底试题】EIn the near future，we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets，evenwhen it comes to playing popular games like F

30、ruit Ninja.The Gaze Group has been developing eye-controlled computer technology for nearly 20years.But those devices have been firstly designed to help those with disabilities，and are veryexpensive. “After a while，we figured out that probably the best way is to go for a mass-market way，”says Gazes

31、SuneAlstrup Johansen.“where everybody would have this available.Johansen and some of his colleagues have formed a new company，the Eye Tribe，which ishoping to develop the technology on a mass commercial level.The technology works with the help of the computing device toward the users face.Aftermaking

32、 sure of the users eye movements，the technology is then able to easily find where apersons eyes are moving，and then allow the eyes to control a cursor（光标）.“Our software can then determine the location of the eyes and know where youre looking onthe screen to make sure what youre looking at，“reads an

33、explanation on the Eye Tribe site.There has been a gradual change toward hands-free technology in recent years，particularlyin the gaming world.Recently Xbox released the Kinect device，which lets users control theirXbox and play certain games using only their hands，legs and voices. But still，most of

34、thesedevices have been more of a gimmick than a practical way to use ones hands to control a mobile device.Johansen said a replaceable filter（滤光器）would be a cheap，convenient way for mostconsumers.And even as companies like The Eye Tribe work to create such a product for the average user,making the e

35、ye-controlled technology more accessible and less expensive will have similarbenefits for physically disabled users. For more articles on modern science，please CLICK here.47.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?A.An introduction of a new device.B.An introduction of smart-phones.C.A

36、n introduction of eye-controlling technology.D.An introduction of a new technology for the disabled.48.The underlined word“gimmick” probably means .A.a trickB.a wayC.a lieD.a dream49.According to the passage，we can learn that .A.the eye-controlling technology was first developed for the blind B.the

37、present developing 0f the technology will bring no goodC.there is no such a phone as we can use only with our eyes at presentD.the eye-controlling technology is only intended for the disabled people50.This passage is probably taken from .A.an experiment reportB.a science fictionC.a school textbookD.

38、a science website解析：这篇短文主要介绍了未来社会的一种科技发明，用眼睛操作手机或者电脑。47.C根据第一段In the near future，we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones andtablets，及下文描述，可知本文主要介绍了一种用眼睛操作手机或者电脑的技术。故选C。48.A联系下文a practical way to use ones hands to control a mobile device.描述，可知此处指 的是大部分这些装置都是一个骗人的把戏。故选A。49.C根据短文第一段描述，可知目前

39、我们还没有这样一部用眼镜控制的电话。故选C。50.D这篇短文主要介绍了未来社会的一种科技发明，用眼睛操作手机或者电脑。根据短文最后一段For more articles on modern science，please CLICK here.描述，可知这是一篇网上的文章，故有可能来自一家科学网站。选D。答案：CACD【2014届四川省成都市高三摸底试题】ABeautiful cars surrounded by even more beautiful modelsits no secret why the 2012BeijingAuto Show was popular.The exhibit

40、ion was held betweenApril 23 and May 2.Although renowned companies showedoff their top models，it wasnt just their expensive sports cars that grabbed peoples attention.Concept cars are a way for designers to test out their ideas on the public with complete freedom.They can try out cars with special f

41、eatures that could not be massively（批量）producedeasily.Designers dont have to follow industry rules；they dont even need to worry about whethertheir cars would be followed on the roads.At the BeijingAuto Show，theAnt by Chery was one concept car to draw a lot of attention.China Daily called itthe very

42、definition of a concept car”.The vehicle is powered by electricity and is capable of driving itself.But the magic doesntend there.TheAnt was inspired by actual ants.According to Car News China，with the help of automatedtelemetric systems，Ants are able to“see” otherAnts and compare destination inform

43、ation. Iftwo are heading the same way for a while, the vehicles connect, with one cars rear (后面的)wheels matching up with the front wheels of another car.Up to 10Ants can be put togetherand will automatically connect to form a“train.This will help save energy while traveling, aswell reducing traffic

44、jams.The car sounds like a great idea.Further research will be needed to turn this concept car intosomething for the market，but concepts like Cherrys show how carmakers are working forcleaner and greener vehicles.Its like what theAnt motto says，“Exploring future humanbeingslifestyles”. 31.The concep

45、t car is getting popular because .A.it looks like an antB.it is beautifully designedC.it is exhibited as a top modelD.it conveys a new idea for the future32.How can theAnts help save energy while travelling according to the passage?A.By connecting each other and running together.B.By driving themsel

46、ves without mans control.C.By comparing their destination information.D.By reducing traffic jams on the roads.33.What the designers of the concept car need to do at theAuto Show is .A.to test the safety of the concept carB.to follow the rules in the car industry C.to show their unique idea of comple

47、te freedomD.to see if concept cars can be massively produced34.The best title of the passage is .A.Concept CarsAre Driving to the FutureB.TheAnt Draws a Lot ofAttentionC.TheAnt Is a Top Model of Concept CarsD.Concept CarsAre Cleaner and Greener解析：这篇短文主要通过介绍了北京车展上的一种新概念的汽车,向我们展示了为了社会关于汽车设计的新思想.31.D细节

48、题:根据第二段Concept cars are a way for designers to test out their ideas on the publicwith complete freedom.及下文描述,可知这种概念汽车主要是传达了对于未来生活的新思想.故选D. 32.A细节题:根据倒数第二段. If two are heading the same way for a while, the vehicles connect,with one cars rear (后面的)wheels matching up with the front wheels of another ca

49、r.描述,可知他们可以通过彼此连接在一起,一起前行来节约能量.故选A.33.C推理题:根据短文描述,可知北京车展上的概念汽车主要是展示了一种新的设计思想,故选C. 34.A主旨大意题:这篇短文主要通过介绍了北京车展上的一种新概念的汽车,向我们展示了为了社会关于汽车设计的新思想,故选A,驶向未来的概念汽车.答案：DACA【2014届新余一中宜春中学高三联考】C“Just take a deep breath.” “Dont think about it.” “Youre more likely to die in a car wreck onthe way to the airport than you are in a plane crash.” These are just some words given to peoplewith a fear of flying. But as Tom Cruise, playing Lt. Daniel Kaffee in the movie AFew Good Men,said, “I get sick when I fly because Im afraid of crashing into a large mountain. I dont thinkDaniel will help.”But theres a new