ASTM B881-17 Standard Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products.pdf

1、Designation: B881 17Standard Terminology Relating toAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B881; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe

2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms and defini-tions relating to aluminum- and magnesium-alloy products. Itis published to encourag

3、e uniformity of terminology through-out Committee B07 product specifications.1.2 Certain definitions and definitions of terms specific to astandard will remain in the individual standards and will not beincluded in this terminology (see 3.4).1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dan

4、ce with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Sta

5、ndards:2B26/B26M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Cast-ingsB80 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Sand CastingsB85 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Die CastingsB90/B90M Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Sheet andPlateB91 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy ForgingsB92/B92M Specification for Unallo

6、yed Magnesium Ingotand Stick For RemeltingB93/B93M Specification for Magnesium Alloys in IngotForm for Sand Castings, Permanent Mold Castings, andDie CastingsB94 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Die CastingsB107/B107M Specification for Magnesium-Alloy ExtrudedBars, Rods, Profiles, Tubes, and WireB1

7、08 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Permanent MoldCastingsB179 Specification for Aluminum Alloys in Ingot and Mol-ten Forms for Castings from All Casting ProcessesB199 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Permanent MoldCastingsB209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateB209M Speci

8、fication for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and Plate (Metric)B210 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyDrawn Seamless TubesB211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyRolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and WireB211M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyRolled or Cold-Finished

9、 Bar, Rod, and Wire (Metric)B221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Ex-truded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesB234 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyDrawn Seamless Tubes for Surface Condensers,Evaporators, and Heat ExchangersB236 Specification for Aluminum Bars for Electri

10、cal Pur-poses (Bus Bars)B236M Specification for Aluminum Bars for Electrical Pur-poses (Bus Bars) (Metric)B241/B241M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded TubeB247 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy DieForgings, Hand Forgings, and Rolled Ring Fo

11、rgingsB247M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyDie Forgings, Hand Forgings, and Rolled Ring Forgings(Metric)B308/B308M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy 6061-T6Standard Structural ProfilesB313/B313M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Round Welded TubesB316/B316M Specification for

12、 Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and RodsB317/B317M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy ExtrudedBar, Rod, Tube, Pipe, Structural Profiles, and Profiles forElectrical Purposes (Bus Conductor)B361 Specification for Factory-Made Wrought Aluminumand Aluminum-Alloy Welding Fittings1T

13、his terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 onAluminum Alloy Wrought Products.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approv

14、ed in 2009 as B881 09. DOI:10.1520/B0881-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Cha

15、nges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the De

16、cision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1B373 Specification for Aluminum Foil for Capacitors (With-drawn 2015)3B403 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Investment C

17、ast-ingsB429/B429M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy ExtrudedStructural Pipe and TubeB483/B483M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Tube and Drawn Pipe for General PurposeApplicationsB491/B491M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Round Tubes for General-Purpose Appl

18、i-cationsB547/B547M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Formed and Arc-Welded Round TubeB594 Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-AlloyWrought ProductsB618 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Investment Cast-ingsB632/B632M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy RolledTread PlateB646 Pract

19、ice for Fracture Toughness Testing of AluminumAlloysB660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum andMagnesium ProductsB666/B666M Practice for Identification Marking of Alumi-num and Magnesium ProductsB686 Specification for Aluminum Alloy Castings, High-StrengthB744/B744M Specification for Alumin

20、um Alloy Sheet forCorrugated Aluminum PipeB745/B745M Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Pipefor Sewers and DrainsB746/B746M Specification for Corrugated Aluminum AlloyStructural Plate for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches, andArchesB807/B807M Practice for Extrusion Press Solution HeatTreatment for A

21、luminum AlloysB917/B917M Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings from All ProcessesB918 Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought AluminumAlloysB928/B928M Specification for High MagnesiumAluminum-Alloy Products for Marine Service and SimilarEnvironmentsB945 Practice for Aluminum Alloy Ex

22、trusions Press Cooledfrom an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Pro-duction of T1, T2, T5 and T10Type TempersB947 Practice for Hot Rolling Mill Solution Heat Treatmentfor Aluminum Alloy PlateB955/B955M Specification forAluminum-Alloy CentrifugalCastings3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definiti

23、ons are grouped by subject andlisted in alphabetical order.aluminum clad product, na composite aluminum producthaving an aluminum core and one or more metallurgicallybonded aluminum or other metal layers, on one or both sides,that are generally thinner than the core. Clad layers may beapplied for a

24、variety of purposes including but not limited tobrazing, corrosion protection, enhanced finishing response,and improved formability. Typical clad products are plate,rod, sheet, tube, and wire.Alclad product, nan aluminum clad product having bondedaluminum layer or layers anodic to the core, thus ele

25、ctrolyti-cally protecting the core against corrosion. If only one side isclad, the product is often named “Alclad One Side”.B209, B209M, B210, B211, B211M, B221, B234, B241/B241M, B313/B313M, B547/B547Mbar, nsolid wrought product that is long in relation to itscross section which is square or rectan

26、gular (excluding plateand flattened wire) with sharp or rounded corners or edges,or is a regular hexagon or octagon, typically supplied instraight lengths.NOTE 1: In North America, the minimum perpendiculardistance between at least one set of parallel faces of a bar is0.375 in. or 10 mm; below this

27、limit the product is called“wire”.NOTE 2: In Europe, bar is supplied in straight length; ifsupplied in coiled form, the product is called wire.B107/B107M, B211, B211M, B221, B236, B236M, B317/B317M, B594, B666/B666Mbus bar, n rigid electric conductor in the form of a bar.B236, B236M, B317/B317M, B66

28、6/B666Mextruded bar, nbar brought to final dimensions by hotextruding. B107/B107M, B221, B236, B236M, B317/B317Mrolled bar, nbar brought to final dimensions by hot rolling.B211, B211M, B236, B236Msaw-plate bar, nbar brought to final thickness by hot orcold rolling and to final width by sawing. B236,

29、 B236Mbus conductor, nrigid electric conductor of any crosssection. B236, B236M, B317/B317Mcasting, nproduct at or near finished shape, formed bysolidification of the metal in a mold or a die.B666/B666M, B686centrifugal casting, ncasting produced by introducingmolten metal into a rotating mold and a

30、llowing it to solidify asthe mold is spun about a horizontal, inclined or vertical axis.B955/B955Mcentrifuged casting, na casting produced in a mold, anumber of which may be mounted around a central sprue. Themolds are rotated, in a vertical position, about a central axisconcentric with the central

31、sprue, B955/B955Mdie casting, ncasting produced by introducing moltenmetal under substantial pressure, typically above 100 bars, intoa metal die and characterized by a high degree of fidelity to thedie cavity. The term “pressure die casting” or “high pressuredie casting” is often used for this conce

32、pt. B85, B94investment casting, nprecision casting formed by a threestep process comprising:3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.B881 172a) fabrication of a ceramic mold around a wax or thermo-plastic pattern with a refractory slurry that sets at roomte

33、mperature;b) removal of the pattern through the use of heat;c) pouring metal into this mold and allowing it to solidify.B403, B618permanent mold casting, ncasting produced by introduc-ing molten metal by gravity or low pressure into a moldconstructed of durable material, usually iron or steel, andal

34、lowing it to solidify.NOTE: Permanent mold casting where the metal solidifies ina metal mold under low pressure (typically less than 1 barabove atmospheric pressure) is also referred to as “lowpressure die casting”. B108, B199precision casting, ncasting which fulfils special require-ments concerning

35、 tolerances on form and dimensions.Precision castings can be produced by different castingprocesses.sand casting, ncasting produced by pouring molten metalinto a sand mold and allowing it to solidify. B26/B26M, B80semi-permanent mold casting, npermanent mold castingwhich is made using an expendable

36、core such as sand.B108, B199circle, ncircular blank fabricated from plate, sheet, or foil.B666/B666Mextrudate, nmaterial exiting an extrusion die subject tofurther processing (quenching, stretching, cutting), to be-come an extruded profile. B807/B807Mextrusion billet, nfinal length of material charg

37、ed into theextrusion press. It is usually cut to length from extrusion logbut may be a wrought product or sintered from powdercompact. B807/B807Mextrusion ingot, ningot, intended and suitable for extruding,typically of solid circular cross-section, sometimes with acentral hollow or a flattened cross

38、-section. B807/B807Mextrusion log, nextrusion ingot not cut to length.B807/B807Mfoil, ngenerally, a rolled product of rectangular in cross-section of thickness equal to or less than 0.0079 in. (0.20 mm200 microns). (Formerly 0.006 inch (0.15 mm), changed to0.079 inch (0.20 mm) for international harm

39、onization. Thereis an overlap in the thickness range 0.006-0.0079 in. (0.15-0.20 mm) defined for foil and sheet. Foil products in thisthickness range are supplied to foil product specifications.B373, B666/B666Mbright two-side foil, nfoil having a uniform bright specularfinish on both sides. B373matt

40、e one-side foil, nfoil having a diffuse reflecting finishon one side and a bright specular finish on the other. (Alsocalled pack rolled foil.) B373forging, nwrought product formed by hammering orpressing, typically when hot, between open dies (handforging) or closed dies (drop or die forging).B91, B

41、247, B247M, B666/B666Mblocker-type forging, nforging made in a single set ofimpressions to the general contour of a finished part.B247, B247Mdie forging, nforging shaped by working in closed dies.B91, B247, B247M, B594, B666/B666Mhammer forging, nforging produced by repeated blows ofa forging hammer

42、. B91hand forging, nforging worked between flat or simplyshaped dies by repeated strokes or blows and manipulation ofthe piece, intending to convert the metallurgical structure fromcast to wrought prior to machining into a final part.B247, B247M, B594, B666/B666Mrolled ring forging, ncylindrical pro

43、duct of relatively shortheight, circumferentially rolled from a hollow section.B247, B247M, B594forging stock, nsolid product, typically ingot, rod, bar orprofile, intended and suitable for forging. Forging stock istypically a cast product or an extruded product.B247, B247Mingot, ncast product inten

44、ded and suitable for remelting orforming by hot or cold working.B92/B92M, B93/B93M, B179, B666/B666Mmill finish, adjhaving a naturally occurring finish afterrolling which may vary from piece to piece and within apiece, and which may not be entirely free of stains or oil. Seealso mill finish sheet &

45、mill finish plate.B209, B209M, B632/B632Mparent coil, ncoil processed to final temper as a single unit,intended to be slit and/or cut into smaller coils or intoindividual sheets or plates. (Also known as master coil, thepreferred term outside of North America.) B209, B209Mparent plate, nplate proces

46、sed to final temper as a singleunit, intended to be cut into smaller plates. B209, B209Mpipe, ntube in standardized combination of outside diameterand wall thickness, commonly designated by “Nominal PipeSizes” and “ANSI Schedule Numbers.”B241/B241M, B317/B317M, B429/B429M, B666/B666Mdrawn pipe, npip

47、e brought to final dimensions by drawingthrough a die. B241/B241Mextruded pipe, npipe formed by hot extruding.B241/B241M, B317/B317M, B429/B429Mseamless pipe, npipe which does not contain any junctionlines or welds of any type resulting from the method ofmanufacture.NOTE: This product may be produce

48、d by extruding or bydrawing using either die and mandrel or hot piercer processes.B241/B241Mstructural pipe, npipe commonly used for structural appli-cations which may contain junction lines resulting from themethod of manufacture using porthole type extrusion dies. ThisB881 173product may be produc

49、ed by extruding or by drawing and is notconsidered to be seamless. B429/B429Mplate, nrolled product that is rectangular in cross section,with thickness not less than 0.250 in. (6.30 mm) and shearedor sawed edges. B90/B90M, B209, B209M, B632/B632M,B660, B666/B666M, B928/B928MAlclad plate, nclad plate having a bonded aluminum layeror layers anodic to the core, thus electrolytically protecting thecore against corrosion. If only one side is clad, the product isoften named “Alclad One Side Plate”.B209, B209M, B547/B547Mmi