ASTM D6364-06(2018) Standard Test Method for Determining Short-Term Compression Behavior of Geosynthetics.pdf

1、Designation: D6364 06 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forDetermining Short-Term Compression Behavior ofGeosynthetics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6364; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t

2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedures for evaluation ofthe deformations of a geosynthetic or combination o

3、f geosyn-thetics (that is, geocomposite (excluding geotextiles,geomembranes, and geosynthetic clay liners) under short-termcompressive loading. This test method is strictly an index testmethod to be used to verify the compressive strength consis-tency of a given manufactured geosynthetic(s). Results

4、 fromthis test method should not be considered as an indication ofactual or long-term performance of the geosynthetic(s) in fieldapplications.1.2 Since these geosynthetics may experience multidirec-tional compressive loadings in the field, this test method willnot show actual field performance and s

5、hould not be used forthis specific objective. The evaluator of the results should alsorecognize that the determination of the short-term single-planecompressive behavior of geosynthetics does not reflect theinstalled performance of synthetic drainage systems and,therefore, should not be used as the

6、only method of productspecification or performance with respect to synthetic drainagesystems.1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.Values in inch-pound units are provided in parentheses forinformation.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if

7、 any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internat

8、ionally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4354 Pr

9、actice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products (RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thicknessof GeosyntheticsD7001 Specification for Geocomposites for Pavement EdgeDrains and Other High-Flow Applications3. Terminol

10、ogy3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 compressive deformation, L, nthe decrease in gagelength produced in the test specimen by a compressive load.3.1.2 compressive strain, nd, nthe ratio of compressivedeformation to the gage length of the test specimen.3.1.3 gage length, L, nin compression testing, the mea-sured

11、 thickness of the test specimen under specified compres-sional force, expressed in units of length prior to compressiveloading. (D5199)3.1.4 geocomposite, na product fabricated from any com-bination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or othersynthetics that is used in a geotechnical applic

12、ation.3.1.5 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, orany other geotechnical engineering-related material as anintegral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.(D4439)3.1.6 index test, na test procedure that may contain ak

13、nown bias but that may be used to establish an order for a setof specimens with respect to the property of interest. (D4439)3.1.7 yield point, nthe first point on the load-deformationcurve at which an increase in deformation occurs without acorresponding increase in load.3.1.7.1 DiscussionSome geosy

14、nthetics do not exhibit anexact yield point. The tested geosynthetic may exhibit a less1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published

15、February 2018. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6364 06 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D6364-06R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,

16、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization esta

17、blished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1steep slope at yield. In addition, it should be stated that theyield point may also be the ultimate stre

18、ngth of the geosyn-thetic.3.1.8 For definitions of terms relating to geotextiles, refer toTerminology D4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Specimens are mounted between parallel plates in a loadframe. Compressive loads are applied at a constant rate ofcrosshead movement. The deformations are recorded

19、as afunction of load. The compressive stress and strain are evalu-ated and plotted. The compressive yield point is evaluated fromthe stress/strain relationship for those materials that exhibit adetectable compressive yield point.5. Significance and Use5.1 The compression behavior test for geosynthet

20、ics isintended to be an index test. It is anticipated that the results ofthe compression behavior test will be used to evaluate product.The results of the analyses may also be used to compare therelative compressive yield points of materials that exhibit adetectable compressive yield point. It is an

21、ticipated that thistest will be used for quality control testing to evaluateuniformity and consistency within a lot or between lots wheresample geometry factors (for example, thickness) or materialsmay have changed.NOTE 1This is a one-dimensional test for compressive loading of ageosynthetic(s) in o

22、ne plane.5.1.1 The compressive yield point of geosynthetics may beevaluated from the stress/strain relationship. Many materialsexhibit compressive deformation but may not show a distinctcompressive yield point.5.2 This test method can be used to evaluate the short-termstress/strain behavior of geosy

23、nthetics under compressivestress while loaded at a constant rate of deformation.5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments of geosynthetics, but caution is advisedbecause interlab testing is incomplete.5.3.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences inrepo

24、rted test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isstatistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statisticalassistance is recommended for the investigation of b

25、ias. At aminimum, two parties should take a group of test specimensfrom material shipped to the project. The test specimens shouldthen be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratoryfor testing. The average results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using the Students t-test for un

26、paired dataand an acceptable probability level chosen by the two partiesbefore the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its causemust be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier mustagree to interpret future test results in the light of the knownbias.6. Apparatus6.1 Loading MechanismT

27、he loading mechanism shall becapable of applying compressive loads at a constant rate ofdeformation of 10 % on the nominal thickness of the testspecimen per minute or 1 mm/min, whichever is greater. Thecapacity of the load frame shall be at least two times greaterthan the compressive yield point of

28、or the maximum loadapplied to the specimen.NOTE 2Some loading mechanisms, especially the older models, donot have the capability of adjusting the rate of deformation to the specificrate required. For these instruments, the user and producer shouldestablish mutually agreed-upon testing rates. However

29、, the rate of defor-mation selected should not be greater than 10 % on the nominal thicknessof the test specimen per minute or 1 mm/min, whichever is greater.6.2 Fixed PlateThe fixed plate shall be larger than thespecimen to be tested. It shall also be flat, smooth, andcompletely and uniformly suppo

30、rted.NOTE 3It is recommended that the minimum fixed plate width beequal to the sample width plus twice the thickness of the test sample. Thisshould support the sample through the range of deformation and preventdraping or flexing displacement.6.3 Movable PlateThe movable plate shall be of sufficient

31、thickness and strength to preclude any bending during loading.It shall be parallel to the fixed plate and attached to thecompression mechanism. A spherical loading block of thesuspended, self-aligning type is recommended. The dimensionsand shape of the movable plate shall depend on the specimendimen

32、sions and geometry. In general, both length and width ofthe movable plate should each be at least 20 % greater than thelength and width of the specimens.NOTE 4Where the sample exhibits excessive surface irregularities orvariation in thickness, the plates may be modified to accommodate surfaceirregul

33、arities and thickness variations. This can be achieved by theinsertion of a layer of hardening paste between the specimen and theplates. The surface of the specimen may require covering with a flexiblefilm to inhibit the intrusion of the paste into the specimen. The hardenedpaste, when fully cured,

34、must be well adhered to the loading plates andhave compressive and shear strength properties at least a magnitudegreater than the specimen to be tested.6.4 Variable Plates (Required for High-Flow Products perSpecification D7001)Variable inclined plates or set angledblocks should be used to test the

35、specimen under non-axialconditions. The test apparatus shall have one fixed plate andone movable plate. Fig. 1 shows set angled blocks with amovable base block with a roller system to allow lateralmovement of the block during deformation (see 6.4.1). Thebase and top inclined plates can be adjustable

36、 angle plates. Theinclined plates or set angled blocks must meet the requirementsas stated in 6.3 of this test method. The base and top inclinedplates or blocks must have a matched set of angles that differby no more than 0.5. The inclined plates or blocks shall beroughened or ribbed to keep specime

37、n from sliding down thefixed plate or block during the test. The samples should bemarked in regards to plates or blocks to check for slippageduring the test. If mutual agreement is obtained between themanufacturer and user, other facings to the plates or blocks canbe used. Allowable percent reductio

38、n in strength based on theload angle should also be agreed upon.NOTE 5The use of inclined plates or blocks may assist the manufac-turer or user to evaluate the deformation of the geosynthetic(s) underloading at various angles. The use of inclined plates may not reflect thein-service performance of s

39、ynthetic drainage systems.D6364 06 (2018)26.4.1 WarningThe deformation of the geosyntheticswithin a testing apparatus may occur rapidly in a lateraldirection (or not in the direction of loading), which coulddamage the testing apparatus. This is particularly true when thegeosynthetic is tested using

40、inclined plates. The user of this testmethod must be aware the testing apparatus ability to handlea lateral movement of the geosynthetic or loading plate duringthe performance of this test.6.5 Load IndicatorUse a load-indicating mechanism thathas an accuracy of 61 % of the maximum indicated value of

41、the test (force).6.6 Deformation IndicatorUse a deformation-indicatingmechanism that has an accuracy of 61.0 % of the maximumindicated value of the test (deformation).6.7 Micrometer Dial Gage, caliper or steel rule, suitable formeasuring dimensions of the specimens to 61%.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleDi

42、vide the product into lots and take thelot sample as directed in Practice D4354, only if it pertains togeosynthetics listed in Practice D4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleUnits in the laboratory sampleshould be the same as the units in the lot sample for the lot tobe tested. Take a sample extending across t

43、he full width (thatis, cross-machine direction) of the geosynthetic production unitof sufficient length (that is, machine direction) so that therequirements of 7.3 can be met. Take a sample that will excludematerial from the outer wrap of a roll (if applicable) unless thesample is taken at the produ

44、ction site, then the inner and outerwrap material may be used. Geocomposites, which haveunbonded distinct materials (for example, sock-wrapped geo-synthetic drain), should be sampled as a complete unit andmaintained as a complete unit through the testing process.7.3 Test SpecimensCut five specimens

45、from each unit inthe laboratory sample with each specimen being at least 120 by120 mm (4.7 by 4.7 in.) square. For geosynthetics that have arepeating pattern of discrete support points (columns, cusps,nodes, etc.) that are symmetrical about orthogonal axes,rectangular or square specimens are recomme

46、nded. The mini-mum specimen length and width shall include at least fivecomplete support points along each major axis of the geosyn-thetic or be 120 mm (4.7 in.), whichever is greater. Whentesting geosynthetics that have repeating patterns that are notorthogonal to the length and width of the geosyn

47、thetic, use aspecimen size agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier.When the design of the geosynthetic is such that cutting in thewidth direction would change its structural integrity, the fullwidth of the geosynthetic should be tested.FIG. 1 Example of Inclined BlocksD6364 06 (2018)38. Condit

48、ioning8.1 Test the specimens in a laboratory with air maintained ata temperature of 21 6 2 C (70 6 4 F) and a relative humiditybetween 50 to 70 %.8.2 If the user determines that the geosynthetic is to betested in the wet condition, saturate the specimen in water atthe temperature described in 8.1 fo

49、r a minimum of 24 h priorto testing.NOTE 6Geosynthetics, which do not absorb measurable quantities ofwater, should be saturated for a minimum of 3 h prior to testing.9. Procedure9.1 Measure the length, width, and thickness of the speci-men to an accuracy of 61 %. For geosynthetics with arepeating pattern of discrete support points, measure thespacing of the repeating features in order to determine thenumber of support points per square metre. Also, record thenumber of complete support points in the specimens.9.1.1 The nominal thic