ASTM E2639-12(2018) Standard Test Method for Blast Resistance of Trash Receptacles.pdf

1、Designation: E2639 12 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forBlast Resistance of Trash Receptacles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2639; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides a procedure for characterizingthe performance of a trash receptacle when an explosive isdetonated withi

3、n the receptacle.1.1.1 The procedure determines the extent and location offragments produced during the explosion, and whetherbreaches are created in the exterior surfaces of the trashreceptacle.1.1.2 Appendix X1 provides guidance for determining themagnitude of blast waves (that is, external overpr

4、essures)developed.1.1.3 Effects due to a fireball resulting from the detonationof an explosive within a trash receptacle are beyond the scopeof the test method.1.2 This test method is intended to be performed in open-airtest arenas.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.

5、 The values stated in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-min

6、e the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations

7、issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plas-tics by Means of a Cantilever BeamD790 Test Methods for Flexural Prope

8、rties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsE2740 Specification for Trash Receptacles Subjected toBlast Resistance Testing2.2 Government Standards:DOD 4145.26 M De

9、partment of Defense: DOD ContractorsSafety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives3DOD 6055.9 STD Department of Defense: DOD Ammuni-tion and Explosives Safety Standards4Voluntary Product Standard PS 1 Structural Plywood53. Terminology3.1 For terminology generally associated with explosives,refer to the

10、 glossaries given in DOD 4145.26 M and DOD6055.9 STD.3.1.1 Some of the definitions in this standard (3.2) are eitheradopted as exact copies, or are adapted, from DOD 4145.26 M.Where adapted, changes to the DOD definitions were madeonly to clarify the meaning or to incorporate related terms thatalso

11、are defined in this terminology section.3.1.2 The DOD source is identified parenthetically at theright margin following the definition.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 alias, na false low-frequency component that ap-pears when reconstructing analog data that are sampled at aninsufficient rate.3.2.2 detonation,

12、 n(1) a violent chemical reaction within achemical compound or mechanical mixture resulting in heatand pressure; (2) a reaction that proceeds through the reactedmaterial toward the unreacted material at a supersonic velocity.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomelan

13、d Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.08 on Operational Equipment.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E2639 12. DOI:10.1520/E2639-12R18.2For referenced ASTM standard

14、s, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Defense Technical Information Center, 8725 John J.Kingman Road, Suite

15、0944, Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060 6128.4Available from the worldwide web at: http:/www.ddesb.pentagon.mil/DoD6055.9-STD%205%20Oct%202004.pdf.5Available from the worldwide web at http:/ts.nist.gov/Standards/Conformity/upload/PS%201%20final%20complete%20w%20cover.pdf.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H

16、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommend

17、ations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.2.1 DiscussionThe result of the chemical reaction isexertion of extremely high pressure on the surrounding me-dium forming a propagating shock wave that is originally ofsupersonic velocity. DOD 4145.26 M3.

18、2.3 explosion, na chemical reaction of any chemicalcompound (or mechanical mixture) that, when initiated, under-goes a very rapid combustion or decomposition releasing largevolumes of highly heated gases that exert pressure on thesurrounding medium. DOD 4145.26 M3.2.4 explosive, nany chemical compou

19、nd (or mechanicalmixture) that, when subjected to heat, impact, friction,detonation, or other suitable initiation, undergoes a very rapidchemical change with the evolution of large volumes of highlyheated gases that exert pressures in the surrounding medium.DOD 4145.26 M3.2.5 fireball, na highly lum

20、inous, intensely hot cloud ofdust, gas, and or vapor generated by an explosion.3.2.6 fragment, nsolid material propelled from an explo-sion as a result of fragmentation.3.2.6.1 primary fragment, na fragment produced from theexplosive device itself.3.2.6.2 secondary fragment, na fragment produced fro

21、mthe container or environment where the container is placed; apiece of receptacle broken off as a result of the charge beingdetonated inside of it.3.2.7 fragmentation, nbreaking up of the confining mate-rial of a chemical compound (or mechanical mixture) when anexplosion takes place. DOD 4145.26 M3.

22、2.8 overpressure, nthe pressure, exceeding the ambientpressure, manifested in the shock wave of an explosion. DOD4145.26 M3.2.9 rigid plastic, nfor purposes of general classification,a plastic that has a modulus of elasticity, either in flexure or intension, greater than 700 MPa (100 000 lbf in2) at

23、 23C (73F)and 50 % relative humidity when tested in accordance withTest Method D747, Test Methods D790, Test Method D638,orTest Method D882. D8833.2.10 silhouette, na witness panel that is constructed inthe approximate shape of a human.3.2.11 trash receptacle, na public- or commercial-userefuse bin

24、that holds discarded items until collected.3.2.11.1 DiscussionThe capacity of a trash receptaclespecimen subjected to the test procedure described in thisstandard is typically less than 200 L (50 gal).3.2.12 trash receptacle lid, na removable or hinged coverthat fits over the open hollow of the rece

25、ptacle.3.2.12.1 DiscussionA lid component is normally fitted tothe configuration of the top opening of the trash receptacle andis manufactured by means of a molding process using a rigidplastic having a relatively low tensile or flexural modulus,1000 MPa (150 000 lbf/in.2) maximum. The thickness of

26、asection (for example, top) of a typical lid generally does notexceed 5 mm (316 in.).3.2.13 trash receptacle liner, na removable lining that isprovided within a trash receptacle to retain liquids and fluid-like materials that seep from trash.3.2.13.1 DiscussionThis component is normally fitted tothe

27、 configuration of the interior of the trash receptacle and ismanufactured by means of a molding process using a rigidplastic having a relatively low tensile or flexural modulus,1000 MPa (150 000 lbf/in.2) maximum. The wall thickness ofa typical liner generally does not exceed 5 mm (316 in.).3.2.14 t

28、rash receptacle rubbish bag, na removable, re-placeable container that is provided within a trash receptacle toallow collected trash (that is, rubbish) to be removed from thereceptacle and moved to a disposal location.3.2.14.1 DiscussionThis bag is normally of a volumecapacity to fit the configurati

29、on of the interior of the trashreceptacle. It is manufactured from a plastic film generallyhaving a thickness of less than 0.16 mm (0.006 in.).3.2.15 witness panel, na flat, rectangular sheet-construction mounted upright within the explosion test arenafor purposes of determining whether fragments ar

30、e producedduring the detonation of the specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A trash receptacle is placed on a steel plate in the centerof an explosive test arena (as described in Section 11).4.2 An explosive charge is placed at one of four predeter-mined locations within the receptacle and detonate

31、d.4.3 After detonation, the trash receptacle is examined for thepresence of breaches (such as cracks, fissures, and holes) in itsexterior surface, and the extent and location of fragmentsproduced are recorded.NOTE 1Users of this standard testing the blast resistance of trashreceptacles can, at their

32、 own option, measure the magnitude of overpres-sures created during the explosion. Guidance for performing such mea-surements is provided in Appendix X1.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test procedure is used to measure two of the maineffects of an explosive detonated in a trash receptacle as related

33、to the type and amount of explosive charge and the locationwhere the charge is placed in the trash receptacle. The twoeffects are:5.1.1 Release of primary and secondary fragments, and5.1.2 Physical damage to the trash receptacle.5.2 This test procedure is applicable to all trash receptacles,includin

34、g lidded or non-lidded as supplied by the manufacturer.5.3 This test procedure is used to generate data for use indeveloping performance specifications for trash receptacles.5.4 For users having interest in determining overpressurescreated by the detonation, Appendix X1 provides guidance formaking s

35、uch determinations.6. Test Apparatus and Equipment6.1 Barometric Pressure GaugeTo determine atmosphericpressure at the time of the test, allowed variability is 60.1 kPa(61 mbar). The gauge shall be capable of reading pressure atthe altitude of the explosion test site.E2639 12 (2018)26.2 Calipers, St

36、eel Rule, and Measuring Tape, calibrated inmillimetres, to determine the internal and external dimensionsof the trash receptacle specimen before and after the explosiveevent.6.3 CamerasDigital for still photos; digital video and highspeed digital video, capable of recording a minimum 2400frames per

37、second, to record the explosive event, includingslow-motion effects of fragmentation and deformation of thetrash receptacle.6.4 Cardboard Tubes, to hold bare C4 explosive (see 7.1.3).6.5 DetonatorStandard electric detonator placed in thecenter of mass of the charge.6.6 Explosive, as described in Sec

38、tion 7.6.7 Humidity SensorAllowed variability is 62 % RH.6.8 Temperature Measuring DeviceAllowed variability is61C (62F).6.9 Weighing Balance or Scales, for weighing the amount ofexplosive charge; allowed variability is 60.1 g.6.10 Weighing Scales, for determining the mass of the trashreceptacle tes

39、t specimen; allowed variability is 61.0 %.6.11 Wind Measuring Deviceallowed variability is 62m/s (4.5 mph).7. Explosive Charge7.1 Type of Explosive ChargeUnless otherwise deter-mined by agreement between the party commissioning the testand the testing laboratory, use a bare C4 explosive charge asthe

40、 test explosive at a relative effectiveness factor of 1.34 inrelation to 0.45 kg (1.0 lb) of trinitrotoluene (TNT).NOTE 2A Relative Effectiveness Factor (R.E. factor) is a measure-ment of an explosives power and is used to compare an explosiveseffectiveness relative to TNT by mass (weight) only. Eng

41、ineers cansubstitute one explosive for another when using blasting equations that aredesigned for TNT. For example, if a timber cutting charge requires 1 kgof TNT to work, it would take 0.75 kg of C4 to have the same effect. Forfurther discussions on the potential and relative strength of explosives

42、, seeFundamentals of Naval Weapons Systems, Chapter 12.67.1.1 Mass of Explosive ChargeDetermine the mass of theexplosive charge by agreement between the party commission-ing the test and the testing laboratory.7.1.2 Fabricate the charge by packing C4 charge (or theagreed upon explosive) into a cylin

43、drical cardboard tube. Theheight of the explosive packed in the cardboard tube shall bewithin 1.0 to 1.5 times the diameter of the tube. For ease ofhandling, use masking or duct tape to close the top and bottomopenings of the packed cardboard tube.7.1.3 The density of the packed explosive charge sha

44、ll beuniform throughout the cardboard tube. For purposes of thisstandard test method, the charge is considered to be uniformlypacked in the cardboard tube if the explosive charge density isat least 1.4 g/cm3(0.051 lb/in.3).7.2 Fragmentation ChargeSecure rings of 9 6 0.03 mm(0.35 6 0.001 in.) America

45、n Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)Type 440, Grade 25 stainless steel balls (10 balls per 0.45 kg(1 lb) of explosive charge) horizontally to the outside of thecardboard tube at the center of the tubes length. Check that thestainless steel balls are placed uniformly around the tube.8. Detonator8.1 Use

46、an electric detonator (for example, a M-6 or Mk-11electric blasting cap) to detonate the explosive.8.2 Place the detonator in the charge at the center of thecardboard tubes axis and at a distance of 20 to 25 mm (0.8 to1 in.) from the tubes top.9. Trash Receptacles for Test9.1 Test SpecimenAny trash

47、receptacle, as defined in3.2.11, is acceptable as a test specimen.9.1.1 Weigh the test specimen at the testing laboratory priorto transporting it to the test arena.9.1.2 Record the test specimen mass in accordance withSection 14.9.2 Test trash receptacles including accessory componentsas supplied by

48、 the manufacturer for in-use service, unlessotherwise agreed upon by the party commissioning the test andthe testing laboratory.9.2.1 Typical trash receptacle accessory components sup-plied by manufacturers for in-use service include lids, trashreceptacle liners, and trash receptacle rubbish bags.10

49、. Location of the Explosive Charge in the Test10.1 During testing, place the charge at one of the followingfour locations, as agreed upon by the party commissioning thetest and the testing laboratory (see Fig. 1):10.1.1 Center of the receptacle, halfway up the interiorwithout contact with the wall,10.1.2 In contact with the wall on the inner seam, halfwayup the interior,10.1.3 In contact with the wall 180 opposite the innerseam, halfway up the interior, and10.1.4 In contact with the wall and bottom of the receptacle90 from