ASTM F1346-91(2018) Standard Performance Specification for Safety Covers and Labeling Requirements for All Covers for Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs.pdf

1、Designation: F1346 91 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Performance Specification forSafety Covers and Labeling Requirements for All Covers forSwimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1346; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofor

2、iginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes requirements for safetycovers

3、for swimming pools, spas, hot tubs, and wading pools(hereinafter referred to as pools, unless otherwise specified).When correctly installed and used in accordance with themanufacturers instructions, this specification is intended toreduce the risk of drowning by inhibiting the access of childrenunde

4、r five years of age to the water.1.2 This specification includes performance tests to demon-strate the compliance or noncompliance to requirements hereinstated for safety covers. It also includes marking requirementsfor all covers.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the st

5、andard. The values in parentheses are given forinformation only.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods section, Section 9, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsib

6、ility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, andenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization esta

7、blished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 NFPA Document:National Electrical Code, Article 680-2623. Terminology3.1 Defin

8、itions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 appurtenancessubordinate parts or adjunct acces-sory components to the cover such as hardware includingbuckles, straps, ties, springs, anchors, tracks, rollers, liftingarms, and the like.3.1.2 automatic covera cover which can be placed overthe water ar

9、ea and removed with a motorized mechanismactuated by a suitable control mechanism. See also powersafety cover (PSC), other cover (OC).3.1.3 barriersomething that restrains or obstructs accessto the body of water.3.1.4 blanketa material used for thermal insulation. Seealso solar energy blanket.3.1.5

10、coversomething that covers, protects or shelters, ora combination thereof, a swimming pool, spa, or hot tub.3.1.6 debris covera cover with attendant appurtenancespositioned over the pool area which permits the cover toprevent debris, such as foliage, dirt, windblown trash, and thelike from entering

11、the pool. It is intended to be completelyremoved before the entry of bathers. See also other covers(OC).3.1.7 decksthose areas abutting a pool, spa, or hot tub thatare specifically constructed or installed (for example, of wood,concrete, brick, stone, and the like) for use by bathers forsitting, sta

12、nding or walking and may also act as a base forsupports for covers.3.1.8 domea semipermanent enclosure supported bytrusses, or positive air pressure erected over the pool area toprovide temperature and atmospheric control over the poolenvironment.3.1.9 energy conservationthe reduction of heat loss f

13、rompool water through air convection or evaporative cooling, orboth.3.1.10 hot tuba spa constructed of wood with sides andbottoms formed separately; and the whole shape joined to-gether by pressure from surrounding hoops, bands or rods; asdistinct from spa units formed of plastic, concrete, metal, o

14、rother materials.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.28 onCovers for Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last prev

15、ious edition approved in 2010 as F1346 91 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/F1346-91R18.2Available from National Fire Protection Assoc., Batterymarch Park, Quincy,MA 02269.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard w

16、as developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.11 inac

17、cessible locationsa location at least 5 ft (1.5 m)above the ground with no other access such as hand orfootholds which would permit a child to reach the location.3.1.12 manual covera cover which requires it to be placedover the water area by hand. See also manual safety cover(MSC), and other covers

18、(OC).3.1.13 markingsthe application of numbers, letters, labels,tags, symbols or colors to provide identification and safetyinformation and to expedite handling during shipment andstorage.3.1.14 manual safety cover (MSC)a barrier which requiresit to be placed over the water manually. Provides a high

19、 levelof safety for children under the age of five by inhibiting theiraccess to the water.3.1.15 other covers (OC)includes any cover type notincorporated in the other two classifications; PSC, MSC. Theyare not intended to serve as a barrier for children under the ageof five.3.1.16 power safety cover

20、 (PSC)a barrier which can beplaced over the water area and removed with a motorizedmechanism actuated by a suitable control mechanism. Providesa high level of safety for children under the age of five byinhibiting their access to the water.3.1.17 safety covera barrier (intended to be completelyremov

21、ed before entry of bathers), for swimming pools, spas,hot tubs or wading pools, attendant appurtenances and/oranchoring mechanisms which reduceswhen properlylabeled, installed, used and maintained in accordance with themanufacturers published instructionsthe risk of drowning ofchildren under five ye

22、ars of age, by inhibiting their access tothe contained body of water, and by providing for the removalof any substantially hazardous level of collected surface water.See also power safety cover (PSC), and manual safety cover(MSC).3.1.18 solar energy blanketsa cover which is a floatingtranslucent (no

23、t transparent) heat insulating sheetincorporating, for example, encapsulated air bubbles or similarlow heat transfer (floating) sheet material whose purpose is toinhibit heat dissipation from the pool water surface through airconvection or evaporative cooling. The sheet material, custom-arily transl

24、ucent (not transparent) to permit the transfer of solarradiation energy directly to the pool water at all depths andintended for day and night use, is cut to the shape of the pooland is not affixed to the pool structure. It is intended to becompletely removed before the entry of bathers.3.1.19 energ

25、y conservation blanketa cover which is afloating heat insulating sheet material incorporating, forexample, a cellular foam or similar low-heat transfer materialwhose purpose is to inhibit heat loss from the covered water,through air convection or evaporative cooling, or both. Suchmaterials are custo

26、marily cut to the shape of the pool and areintended for a night covering. The blanket is not affixed to thepool structure. It is intended to be completely removed beforethe entry of bathers.3.1.20 wading poola shallow pool intended for wading,not swimming.3.1.21 waterlinethe waterline shall be defin

27、ed in one ofthe following ways:3.1.22 skimmer systemthe water line shall be at themid-point of the operating range of the skimmers.3.1.23 overflow systemthe waterline shall be at the top ofthe overflow outlet.4. Cover Classifications and Minimum QualificationCriteria4.1 Power Safety Cover (PSC)Provi

28、des a high level ofsafety for children under the age of five by inhibiting theiraccess to the water.4.1.1 Must satisfy 5.1 5.3, 6.1 6.5, 7.1 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.4 8.12, 9.1 9.4, 10.1 10.4, and all subsections.4.2 Manual Safety Cover (MSC)Provides a high level ofsafety for children under the age of five

29、 by inhibiting theiraccess to the water. May require a longer period of time to befully secured.4.2.1 Must satisfy 5.1 5.3, 6.1 6.5, 7.1 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.4 8.12, 9.1 9.4, and all subsections.4.3 Other Covers (OC)Includes any cover type not incor-porated in the other two categories MSC, PSC. They are

30、 notintended to serve as a barrier for children under the age of five.Design characteristics may be hazardous when used in thepresence of children under the age of five.4.3.1 Shall satisfy 5.1 5.3, 8.1 8.3, 8.5 8.12, and allsubsections.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Only materials not known to be h

31、armful to health,within the intended application, shall be used.5.2 All materials and components shall be durable andsatisfactory for the intended purpose under the conditionsnormally prevailing at the site.5.3 The cover shall be manufactured or fabricated, or both,in accordance with generally accep

32、ted, good manufacturingpractices.6. General Requirements for Safety Covers6.1 Installation/Use of Safety CoversUnless installed bythe manufacturer, or responsible parties, or both, detailedinstructions for installation shall be given in a form included inthe packaging or a label, or both, attached t

33、o the cover.6.2 Labels attached to the cover shall meet the generalrequirements described in 8.5.1 and 8.8 8.8.2.6.3 Markings for Safety Covers Shall Include:6.3.1 the manufacturers name,6.3.2 date manufactured or installed, and6.3.3 instructions to consumers to inspect the cover forpremature wear o

34、r deterioration.6.3.4 Labels attached to covers shall meet the generalrequirements described in 8.4.1, 8.7 8.8.1, and 8.9.6.4 Fastening Mechanisms or DevicesTies, attachmentpoints, anchors, anchorage, and controls for automatic coversor other means of fastening a cover shall include provisionsF1346

35、91 (2018)2such as keys, combination locks, special tools, devices, orinaccessible locations, and the like, to inhibit children underfive years of age from removing or operating the cover. Whensubjected to the load and perimeter deflection tests described in9.1 and 9.2, all fastening devices shall re

36、main in their intended,secured or closed, or both, position. After the test, the intendedperformance of the device should not be impaired.6.5 OpeningsThe cover shall be designed in such a waythat, when it is tested by the test method described in 9.4, anyopening in the major component or between the

37、 edge of thecover and the deck surface or coping wall, or both, and the topsurface of the spa or pool does not allow the test object to passthrough. The test object shall not gain access to the water, or besubject to entrapment.6.6 Seams, ties or welds in the cover shall show no signs ofdamage, whic

38、h will impair intended performance of the devicewhen the cover is tested by the methods described in 9.1 9.4.7. Performance Requirements for Safety Covers7.1 Static LoadIn the case of a pool with a width ordiameter greater than 8 ft (2.4 m) from the periphery, the covershall be able to hold a weight

39、 of 485 lb (220.0 kg) (2 adults and1 child) to permit a rescue operation.7.1.1 In the case of a pool with a width or diameter notgreater than 8 ft (2.4 m) the cover shall withstand the weight of275 lb (125 kg) (weight of a child and an adult). Complianceshall be determined by the test method describ

40、ed in 9.1.7.2 Perimeter DeflectionThe cover shall be designed insuch a way that, when it is tested by the test method describedin 9.2, deflection of the cover does not allow the test object topass between the cover and the side of the pool, or to gainaccess to the water.7.3 Surface DrainageThe cover

41、 shall be so constructed,or incorporate a system, or have an auxiliary system provided,that when used in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions, shall drain substantially all standing water fromthe cover within a period of 30 min after cessation of normalrainfall. Compliance shall be determin

42、ed by the test in 9.3.7.4 Opening TestsThe tests shall be conducted by the testmethod described in 9.4 to demonstrate that any opening in themajor component or between the edge of the cover and thedeck surface or coping wall, or both, and the top surface of thepool or the top surface of the spa is s

43、ufficiently small andstrong to prevent the opening from being forced to a size thatwill allow the test object to pass through.8. Minimum Label Requirements for All Covers forSwimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs8.1 Product LabelAll covers shall be labeled/marked toidentify manufacturers or other respon

44、sible parties (such asprivate label distributors), or both. Labels attached to coversshall meet the general requirements described in 8.5.1 and 8.8 8.8.2.8.2 Warning LabelsAll covers shall be required to haveattached the following warning label:8.2.1 Signal WordWARNING.8.2.2 Safety Alert SymbolPrece

45、ding the signal word thereshall be triangle with an exclamation point inside the triangle.8.2.2.1 Word MessageThe standard word message shallbe AVOID DROWNING RISK which shall be the first mes-sage to appear directly under the signal word.8.2.2.2 Additional Word Message StatementCovers withany of th

46、e outlined hazards in Fig. 1 shall list all applicablewarning statements on the label.8.3 ColorNon-safety cover warning label.8.3.1 Signal WordBlack letters with orange background.8.3.2 Safety Alert SymbolBlack triangle with orange ex-clamation point.8.3.3 Word MessageBlack lettering on white backgr

47、oundor white letters on black background.8.4 ColorSafety cover warning label.8.4.1 Colors assigned to the signal word panel may also beused for the message word panel provided the panel colorscontrast with the lettering of the label. This is applicable tocovers conforming with the PSC and MSC classi

48、fications only.8.5 Warning LabelLetter size.“HAZARD/WARNING STATEMENT CHART”If This Hazard Exists: Add This Warning Statement:*Will not support weight (as defined in this specification) Nonsecured orimproperly secured covers*Stay off coverwill not support weight.*Concealment by slipping under cover

49、*Keep children away. Children or objects cannot be seen under cover.*Drowning on top of cover in accumulated surface water (as defined in thisspecification)*Remove Standing Waterchild can drown on top of cover.*Concealment, EntrapmentDrowning under cover *Remove cover(s) completely before entry of bathersentrapment possible.*General requirement for all covers *Non-secured or improperly secured covers are a hazard.*Option to above for Safety Covers *Failure to follow all instructions may r