ASTM F2376-17a Standard Practice for Classification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, and Operation of Water Slide Systems.pdf

1、Designation: F2376 17aStandard Practice forClassification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, andOperation of Water Slide Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2376; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi

2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice applies to the classification, design,manufacture, construction, and operation of wate

3、r slide sys-tems. Water slide systems shall be defined as rides intended foruse by riders in bathing attire where the action of the rideinvolves possible and purposeful immersion of the riders bodyeither in whole or in part in water, and uses circulating water tomobilize or lubricate the riders tran

4、sportation along a purposebuilt path. This includes slides used with or without vehicles asdefined below. The terms water slides, waterslides, and slidesshall be considered equivalent when used in this practice.1.2 For the purposes of this practice, a water slide systemincludes:1.2.1 The flume,1.2.2

5、 The water-circulation system,1.2.3 The starting platform with associated means of accessand egress,1.2.4 The structural supports,1.2.5 Vehicles or other aquatic accessories that are part ofthe water slide as defined by the manufacturer, and1.2.6 Means of slide termination.1.3 This practice shall no

6、t apply to:1.3.1 Any water slides installed in private residences,1.3.2 Water flume amusement rides where contact withwater is merely incidental (for example, log flume rides,shoot-the-chutes),1.3.3 Amusement rides and devices whose design criteriaare specifically addressed in another ASTM standard,

7、1.3.4 Lazy river type attractions operating at constantelevation, constructed in the ground, and1.4 Pre-existing designs manufactured after the effectivedate of publication of this practice if the design is serviceproven or previously compliant, as defined in Section 3.1.26 ofPractice F2291, and the

8、 manufacturer provides:1.4.1 A historical summary of the water slide, or majormodification as defined in Terminology F747, and1.4.2 A statement that the design is service proven orpreviously compliant. Water slides and major modifications towater slides may qualify as previously compliant for five y

9、earsfollowing the date of publication of this practice. Thereafter,water slides and major modifications to water slides mustqualify as service proven or meet the requirements of thispractice.1.4.3 Service proven or previously compliant designs shallcomply with Section 8.1.5 The values stated in inch

10、-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.NOTE 1The conversion factor from inch-pound to metric units is 1in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 4.4482 N.1.6 This practice includes an Appendix, which providesadditional information to enhance the users

11、understanding ofand application of the criteria presented in this practice, forexample, rationale, background, drawings, interpretation, orcommentary. The information in the Appendix shall not beconsidered a mandatory part of this practice.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafe

12、ty concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-danc

13、e with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stan

14、dards:2D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F24 on AmusementRides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.70 on WaterRelated Amusement Rides and Devices.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published Jan

15、uary 2018. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F2376 17. DOI:10.1520/F2376-17A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the

16、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in th

17、e Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinf

18、orced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsF747 Terminology Relating to Amusement Rides and De-vicesF770 Practice for Ownership, Operation, Maintenance, andInspection of Amusement Rides and DevicesF846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Ridesand Devices (Withdrawn 2013)3F853 Practice

19、 for Maintenance Procedures for AmusementRides and Devices (Withdrawn 2014)3F893 Guide for Auditing Amusement Rides and Devices(Withdrawn 2013)3F1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Constructionof Amusement Rides and DevicesF1305 Guide for Classification of Amusement Ride andDevice Related In

20、juries and Illnesses (Withdrawn 2011)3F2291 Practice for Design ofAmusement Rides and Devices2.2 ACI Standard:4ACI-318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-crete2.3 ASCE Standard:5ANSI/ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings andOther Structures2.4 USDA Document:6USDA-72 The Wood Handbook3

21、. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 landing poolpool intended to receive riders from awater slide.3.1.2 landing zonearea in a landing pool intended forreceiving riders from a particular slide.3.1.3 lifeguardindividual specially trained in lifesavingand emergency pro

22、cedures, responsible for monitoring patronsand responding to aquatic and other emergencies.3.1.4 owner/operatorperson or organization that is re-sponsible for the maintenance and operation of a water slidesystem.4. Slide Classification4.1 Water slides are classified by their physical and intendeduse

23、 characteristics. The classification may be a combination ofthe specific rider vehicle used the type of geometric path, oftenserpentine or straight, and the designation as a speed slide if theriders velocity exceeds 25 ft/s. The following are definitions ofthe types of water slides.4.1.1 body slides

24、water slide used without a vehicle.4.1.2 childrens slidesWater slides generally intendedonly for use by persons under the height of 48 in. Water slidehas a maximum fall distance of 3 in. from slide exit where therider enters the water and water depth is no greater than 24 in.4.1.3 mat slideswater sl

25、ide used with a designated mat asa vehicle.4.1.4 serpentine slidecurved path as viewed in geometricslide path.4.1.5 specialty slidesproprietary water slide design, suchas an uphill, half-pipe, or bowl ride, which does not conform tostandard classification.4.1.6 specialty vehicle slideswater slide us

26、ed with a pro-prietary vehicle specified by the manufacturer.4.1.7 speed slidewater slide where the rider(s) achieve avelocity of 25 ft/s or more during the course of the ride.4.1.8 tube slideswater slide used with a single or multi-person water slide tube.5. Materials5.1 Flume MaterialAny material

27、that has the followingbasic properties and that meets all other requirements of thispractice may be used to construct water slides.5.1.1 Flumes riding surfaces shall be constructed to besmooth.5.1.2 Flume material shall be demonstrated as strongenough to support specified loads as defined in Section

28、 8.5.1.3 Flume components, maintained using the manufactur-ers instructions, shall not deteriorate over time in such a waythat a hazard will develop.5.2 Support MaterialsAny material that has the followingbasic properties and that meets all other requirements of thispractice may be used to construct

29、 water slide supports.5.2.1 Supports for water slides shall be constructed fromdurable materials such as wood, metal, concrete, or engineeredcomposites.5.2.2 Supports for water slides fabricated from metal shallbe either inherently corrosion resistant, or be finished in such away as to provide prote

30、ction from corrosion.5.2.3 Wood materials shall be finished in such a way toprovide protection against deterioration.5.2.4 Support material shall be demonstrated as strongenough to support specified loads as defined in Section 7.5.2.5 Supports shall be constructed to accommodate regularinspection an

31、d maintenance for structural integrity, materialdeterioration, or corrosion, or a combination thereof.6. Notification Requirement6.1 Awater slide system shown to comply with this practiceshall meet all applicable requirements specified in this practice.Anyone representing compliance with this practi

32、ce shall keepsuch essential records as are necessary to document any claimthat the requirements within this specification have been met.6.2 The owner/operator of a water slide shall notify theappropriate manufacturer(s) of any known incident as specifiedin Guides F1305 and F893.6.3 The manufacturer

33、shall notify the appropriate owner(s)/operator(s) of similar water slides of an incident that resulted in3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333.5Available from The

34、 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.F2376 17a2a serious injury promptly upon the determination by themanufacturer

35、 that the incident is significantly repeatable.6.3.1 Such manufacturer notification shall be a bulletin asspecified in Sections 4.1.14.3 through 4.1.14.8 of PracticeF853.7. Structural Design of Water Slides7.1 This section defines the loading and strength criteria thatshall be used in the structural

36、 engineering of water slide flumesand supporting structures. The strength and stability of thewater slide system shall be demonstrated by generally acceptedengineering methods certified by a professional engineer.7.2 Dead Loads (symbol DL)Forces resulting from weightof all components of the ride and

37、 includes all loads that do notfluctuate with respect to time.7.3 Operational LoadsForces from water, riders, orvehicles, or a combination thereof, in the ride under normaloperations.7.3.1 Water Load (symbol WL)In free flowing water slideswhere water does not collect in pools or streams greater than

38、 2in. deep, the water load shall be a minimum of 15 lbs/linear ftfor every 1000 gal/min of flow. Where the flow is such thatwater collects in pools or streams greater than 2 in. deep, theactual maximum water load shall be determined and used incalculation, design, or load tests, or a combination the

39、reof.7.3.2 Rider Load (symbol RL)The manufacturer shallspecify the rider vehicle and the maximum number of ridersthat are to ride in the flume at one time.7.3.2.1 For water slides intended for multiple rider use, theweight assigned to each rider shall be, at a minimum, theweight specified for an adu

40、lt rider in Section 8.6.1 of PracticeF2291.7.3.2.2 For single rider water slides, the rider weight shallbe a maximum of 300 lb.7.3.2.3 For water slides intended for use by children only,the weight assigned to a child shall be as specified in Section8.6.2 of Practice F2291.7.3.2.4 Ride loads shall be

41、 so arranged to cause the greatestrealistic operational load to the system.7.3.2.5 Lateral centripetal forces shall be considered incurved sections of flume. Predicted rider speeds should be usedto calculate these forces. If speeds cannot be predicted, then aminimum of 15 ft/s for flumes under 15 %

42、slope and 30 ft/s forall other flumes shall be used.7.3.2.6 If the manufacturer places maximum rider totalweight limits on a slide, then that restricted load may be used.7.3.2.7 The weight of the rider vehicle shall be included indetermining rider load.7.4 Environmental LoadsForces from environmenta

43、l con-ditions of the site such as wind, precipitation, earthquake, andchanges in temperature.7.4.1 Loads and forces due to environmental conditionsshall be in accordance with applicable local code requirementsor ANSI/ASCE 7, or other equivalent national standard.7.4.2 The manufacturer/designer shall

44、 clearly indicate theenvironmental loads the water slide was designed for in theoperating and maintenance instructions as specified in thesections on Manufacturers Responsibility of Practices F770and F853. In addition to the environmental load information,any restriction, limitations, or special pro

45、cedures associatedwith water slides exposed to these environmental loads shall beincluded.7.4.3 Lateral Wind Load (symbol LWL)For outdoor slides,the minimum wind load for all types of water slides shall becalculated based on 100-mph wind (3-s gust) for non-operational conditions. Lateral wind load m

46、ay be reduced byan importance factor of less than 1.0, where appropriate, forwater slide structures that are unoccupied during extremeweather.7.4.4 Reduced Lateral Wind Load (symbol RLWL)Foroutdoor slides, the minimum wind load for all types of waterslides shall be calculated based on Section 8.13.1

47、 of PracticeF2291 for operational conditions.7.4.5 Other Lateral Loads (symbol OLL)A minimumlateral load equivalent to 10 % of the dead weight of thestructure shall be included.7.4.6 Snow Load (symbol SL)The snow load for all typesof water slides shall be calculated in accordance with therelevant lo

48、cal ground snow load(s).7.5 OverloadForces from water, riders, or vehicles, or acombination thereof, under extraordinary operational condi-tions due to user overload.7.5.1 Calculations for extraordinary operational conditionsthat consider user overload shall be based on conditionsspecified by the ma

49、nufacturer and need not consider any otherlive load in combination with such overload.7.6 Load CombinationsEngineering calculations may useeither allowable stress methods (ASD) or load and resistancefactor methods (LRFD). Engineering calculations shall con-sider load conditions and combinations of loads in accordancewith generally accepted engineering methods. Calculationsshall consider that water slide systems may not be occupiedduring extremes of weather.7.7 Metal StructuresStrength of steel structures under orabove noted loads shall be