ASTM A327A327M-11(2017) Standard Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons.pdf

1、Designation: A327/A327M 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Methods forImpact Testing of Cast Irons1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A327/A327M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods for impact testing cover the detailsof apparatus, test specimens, and procedures for cast iron,including gra

3、y iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron,and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls orrolls with white iron skins.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact e

4、quivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the us

5、er of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in

6、 the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A327M Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons(Metric) (Withdrawn 2

7、011)3E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-tallic MaterialsTEST METHOD A ROUND BAR CHARPY-TYPEIMPACT TEST FOR GRAY AND WHITE IRONS3. Scope3.1 The Charpy-type impact test shall be employed fortesting gray and white irons.4. Apparatus4.1 The single-blow Charpy impact test for gray and

8、whiteirons shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machinewith a capacity of at least 150 J 110 ft lbf as used for thesimple beam test for steel described in Test Methods E23.5. Test Specimens5.1 The test specimens shall have a plain cylindrical form,machined or ground to a smooth finish and

9、shall conform to thefollowing dimensions:Type A Type MDiameter 28.572 0.050 mm1.125 0.002 in.20.000.03mm0.787 0.001 in.Length 200 13 mm8.0 0.5 in.1202mm4.73 0.08 in.Span 152.0 0.7 mm6.00 0.03 in.100.0 0.5 mm3.937 0.020 in.6. Procedure6.1 Test the bars on the spans indicated in the tabular data of5.1

10、. In all other respects, the test shall conform to theappropriate requirements of Test Methods E23.6.2 Make the test at room temperature.6.3 Characterization of the fracture toughness of any castiron should be based upon testing at least three specimens.NOTE 1Care should be taken to examine broken s

11、pecimens forindication of anvil interference, which will give erroneous results.7. Report7.1 The results shall be reported as _J ft lbf cast ironCharpy impact with _ mm in. diameter bar.TEST METHODBSTANDARD CHARPY-TYPEIMPACT TEST FOR MALLEABLE AND DUCTILEIRONS8. Scope8.1 Either the standard notched

12、or unnotched Charpy impacttest shall be employed in testing of malleable or ductile irons.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A04 on IronCastings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2

13、017. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A327/A327M 11.DOI: 10.1520/A0327_A0327M-11R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe

14、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed i

15、n accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Selection of the type bar

16、 is dependent upon the specificmaterial to be evaluated as defined in Section 9.8.2 Both types of Charpy bars have been designated tocharacterize the fracture toughness of irons. The unnotchedCharpy bar, when tested, will produce substantially higherenergy values than the notch bar type. The unnotch

17、ed bar istherefore specified for testing irons that have low fracturetoughness characteristics.9. Charpy Test Bar Type9.1 Unless specified otherwise, the notched bar type speci-mens in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 (for pipe-type products) shall beemployed. Exceptions are defined in 9.2 and 9.3.9.2 The unnotched

18、 Charpy type specimen in Fig. 3 shall beemployed for testing of all grades of austempered ductile iron.These irons are tested after the austempering heat treatment.9.3 The unnotched Charpy test specimen may be specifiedfor other types of irons or irons that have been heat treated invarious ways othe

19、r than austempering, by specific agreementbetween producer and purchaser.10. Apparatus10.1 The single-blow Charpy test for ductile and malleableiron shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machinewith a capacity of at least 150 J 110 ft lbf as used for thesimple beam test for steel described

20、in Test Methods E23.10.2 Standard machines may be modified by using a moresensitive scale, or pendulum machines of a lower capacity maybe used where values of less than 34 J 25 ft lbf will beobtained.11. Test Specimens11.1 Except for pipe, the test specimen shall have the shapeand dimensions as show

21、n in Fig. 1 for notch Charpy bars andFig. 3 for unnotched Charpy bars. Bars must have a smoothmachined or ground surface finish. The notched area ofnotch-type bars shall be free of any burrs or machining marksthat could adversely influence test values.11.2 In the case of malleable or ductile irons t

22、hat are to betested after heat treatment, such as austempered ductile irons,final finish grinding of longitudinal faces and cutting of thenotch must be performed after completion of all heat treatmentoperations.11.3 Test specimens taken from ductile iron pipe shall be0.500 in. wide, measured from th

23、e notched face. The thicknessof the notched face shall be equal to the full wall thickness ofthe pipe (t), except that specimens in which the pipe wallspecimen thickness exceeds the maximum height accommo-dated by the impact test machine shall be machined to athickness that can be accommodated by th

24、e machine. Speci-mens shall be machined in accordance with Fig. 2.NOTE 1Permissible variations shall be as follows:Adjacent sides shall be at 90 10 minCross section dimensions 0.03 mm 0.001 in.Length of specimen, L 0, 2.5 mm0, 0.100 in.Angle of notch 1Radius of notch 0.03 mm 0.001 in.Dimension to bo

25、ttom of notch 0.03 mm 0.001 in.Distance to notch,L21 mm 0.040 in.FIG. 1 Standard Vee Notch Charpy Bar Impact Test SpecimenA327/A327M 11 (2017)2NOTE 1In Diagrams (a) and (b) the symbol t is for the pipe wallthickness. Permissible variations forL2shall be 61mm60.040 in.FIG. 2 Impact Test Specimen for

26、Ductile Iron Pipe and TubeNOTE 1Permissible variations shall be as follows:Adjacent sides shall be at 90 10 minCross section dimensions 0.03 mm0.001 in.Length of specimen +0, 2.5 mm+0, 0.100 in.FIG. 3 Unnotched Charpy Bar Impact Test SpecimenA327/A327M 11 (2017)312. Procedure12.1 Test the specimen i

27、n accordance with the proceduresset forth in Test Methods E23.12.2 Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be performedat 21 6 5.5 C 70 6 10 F.12.3 For testing at other than room temperature, accuracy ofresults is ensured by following the procedure outlined in TestMethods E23.12.4 Characterizatio

28、n of the fracture toughness of any castiron should be based upon testing at least three specimens.13. Report13.1 Report the following information:13.1.1 For malleable or ductile irons, the results shall bereported as J ft lbf at C F, “standard notched Charpytest” or “standard unnotched Charpy test,”

29、 depending uponwhich specimen type was employed.13.1.2 Impact test results for ductile iron pipe shall becorrected by calculation as follows:Impact value corrected = (10.2/t 0.40t ) impact valuemeasured where t is the thickness of the specimen in millime-tres inches (see Fig. 2 and Note 2).NOTE 2The

30、 ratio0.40t(where t = pipe wall thickness in millimetresinches), when multiplied by the measured energy values, normalizesreported energy values for pipe or tube of different wall thicknesses to astandard 10.2-mm 0.40-in. wall dimension.13.1.3 Where tests are conducted at other than roomtemperature,

31、 as defined in 12.2, actual test temperature in thesamples themselves at the time of testing shall be recorded andreported with the determined energy values. These tempera-tures shall be measured and reported to 61C62 F.14. Precision and Bias14.1 PrecisionNo statement on precision is currentlyavaila

32、ble. The test methods for impact testing in this standardand in A327M are based on referenced Test Methods E23.Determination of precision for Test Methods E23 is currentlyunder evaluation in Judicial Committee E28 on MechanicalTesting.14.2 BiasSince no acceptable single reference material fordetermi

33、ning bias in measuring impact energy for the variety ofcast irons covered by these test methods has been identified,bias has not been established.15. Keywords15.1 cast iron; Charpy impact test; impact testingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted i

34、n connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the r

35、esponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive car

36、eful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internation

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