ASTM E1590-17 Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses.pdf

1、Designation: E1590 17 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Testing of Mattresses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis

2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of determining theburning behavior of mattresses us

3、ed in public occupancies bymeasuring specific fire test responses when the test specimen,a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to aspecified flaming ignition source under well ventilated condi-tions.1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses withfoundations.1.4 Test data a

4、re obtained describing the burning behavior,following application of a specific ignition source, fromignition until all burning has ceased, a period of1hhaselapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.5 This test method does not provide information on thefire performance of mattresses under fire condi

5、tions other thanthose specified in this test method. In particular, this testmethod does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes.See 5.12 for further information.1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen ismeasured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.4 forfurther information

6、.1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gasspecies in the combustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further infor-mation.1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photo-graphic or video recordings.1.9 Use the SI system of units in r

7、eferee decisions; seeIEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for f

8、ire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products or assemblies underactual fire conditions1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety

9、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to Textil

10、esE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE603 Guide for Room Fire ExperimentsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or GeneratedDuri

11、ng FiresE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateof Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components orComposites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE

12、1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-tureE2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calo-rimetry Fire TestsE2257 Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and CeilingMaterials and AssembliesIEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI): TheModern Metric System1This test met

13、hod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishingsand Contents.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E1590 16. DOI:10

14、.1520/E1590-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the e

15、nd of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theD

16、evelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4880 Burning Behaviour of Textiles and TextileProductsVocabularyISO 9705 Fire TestsFull Scale Room Test for SurfaceProductsISO

17、13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary2.3 UL Standards:4UL 1056 Fire Test of Upholstered Furniture (withdrawn)UL 1895 Fire Test of Mattresses (withdrawn)2.4 CA Standards:5CA Technical Bulletin 121 Flammability Test Procedure forMattresses for Use in Public OccupanciesCA Technical Bulletin 129 Flammability Test

18、 Procedure forMattresses for Use in Public BuildingsCA Technical Bulletin 133 Flammability Test Procedure forSeating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies2.5 Other Documents:CFR Part 1632 Standard for the Flammability of Mattressesand Mattress Pads (formerly DOC FF4-72, 40 FR 59940)6Nordtest Metho

19、d NT Fire 032 Upholstered Furniture: Burn-ing BehaviorFull Scale Test72.6 NFPA Standards:8NFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingRoom Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings onFull Height Panels and WallsNFPA 286 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingContribution of Wall

20、and Ceiling Interior Finish to RoomFire Growth3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod and associated with fire issues, refer to the terminologycontained in Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shallprevail

21、. For definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with textile issues, refer to the terminology con-tained in Terminology D123 and ISO 4880. In case of conflict,the definitions given in Terminology D123 shall prevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 product, n

22、mattress, or mattress with foundation, forwhich fire-test-response characteristics are to be measured.3.2.2 specimen, nthe manufactured item of the product, orrepresentative prototype of the product.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This fire-test-response test method determines a numberof fire-test-resp

23、onse characteristics associated with a full-scaletest specimen, mattress or mattress with foundation, ignitedwith a propane gas burner. Measurements to be made includethe rate of heat and smoke release, total amount of heatreleased, rates and concentrations of carbon oxides released,and rates and am

24、ounts of mass of test specimen lost. Otheroptional measurements are also described.4.2 In Test Configurations A and B, the test specimen isplaced on a weighing platform located in a test room. Anexhaust hood, connected to a duct, is located at the doorway ofthe room.4.3 In Test Configuration C, the

25、test specimen is placed ona weighing platform located directly under a hood.4.4 Heat, smoke, and combustion gas release instrumenta-tion is placed in the duct.4.5 Additional (optional) instrumentation placed in the testroom is also described.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a mea

26、ns of measuring avariety of fire-test-response characteristics resulting from burn-ing a test specimen, mattress or mattress with foundation.Afterignition using a propane gas burner, the test specimen ispermitted to burn freely under well-ventilated conditions. Themost important fire-test-response c

27、haracteristic measured inthis test method is the rate of heat release, which quantifies theintensity of the fire generated.5.2 The rate of heat release is measured by the principle ofoxygen consumption. AnnexA3 discusses the assumptions andlimitations.5.3 This test method also provides measures of o

28、ther fire-test-response characteristics, including smoke obscuration (asthe rate of smoke release, total smoke released, or opticaldensity of smoke), combustion gas release (as concentrationsof combustion gases), and mass loss, which are important tomaking decisions on fire safety.5.4 In the majorit

29、y of fires, the most important gaseouscomponents of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires.They are indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of thecompleteness of combustion. Measurement of concentrationsof carbon oxides are useful for two purposes: (1) as part of firehazard asses

30、sment calculations and (2) to improve the accuracyof heat release measurements. Other toxic combustion gases,which are specific to certain materials, are also indicators of thetoxicity of the atmosphere, but are less crucial for determiningcombustion completeness and are optional measures; however,f

31、ire hazard assessment often requires their measurement.5.5 The type of ignition chosen (flaming source) is commonin both accidental and intentional fires in public occupancies.The test method is thus applicable to mattresses in publicoccupancies. Such facilities include, but are not limited to,healt

32、h-care facilities, old age convalescent and board and carehomes, and college dormitories and residence halls.5.6 One of the following three configurations is to be usedin this test method:3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56,

33、CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.5Available from Bureau of Electronic and Appliance Repair, Home Furnishingsand Thermal Insulation, State of California, Dept. of Consumer Affairs, 348

34、5Orange Grove Ave., North Highlands, CA 95660-5595, www.bhfti.ca.gov.6Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 EastWest Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.cpsc.gov.7Available from Nordtest, P.O. Box 22, SF-00341, Helsingfors, Finland.8Available from National Fire Protecti

35、on Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.E1590 1725.6.1 Test Configuration AA test room with the followingdimensions: 3.66 by 2.44 by 2.44 m (12 by 8 by 8 ft) high.5.6.2 Test Configuration BA test room with the followingdimensions: 3.66 by 3.05 by 2.44 m (

36、12 by 10 by 8 ft) high.5.6.3 Test Configuration CAn open calorimeter (or furni-ture calorimeter).5.7 Rooms of other dimensions are acceptable where it hasbeen shown that equivalent test results are obtained.5.8 Measurements in the three test configurations listed in5.6 have been shown to give simila

37、r results for heat release inthe duct, and mass loss, up to a rate of heat release of 600 kW(1).95.9 Measurements of temperatures, gas concentrations, andsmoke obscuration in the room are dependent on room size.5.10 This test method has been designed to provide detailsfor the means to build and oper

38、ate equipment capable ofrunning tests as required by CA TB 129. However, this testmethod is more general than that technical bulletin.5.11 Studies on the flammability performance of mattressesindicate that bench scale fire tests are useful for preliminaryevaluations of component materials for substi

39、tution purposes(see Appendix X3).5.12 Limitations:5.12.1 This test method is not applicable to ignition bycigarettes, or by any other smoldering source.5.12.2 The ignition source in this test method is a flamingsource, and it has been shown that mattresses, particularly inpublic occupancies, are inv

40、olved in fires with flaming ignitionsources. Moreover, this particular ignition source has beenshown to be able to provide a distinction between differentkinds of mattress items. However, the fraction of actualflaming mattress fires occurring with ignitions more or lessintense than that used here is

41、 not known.5.12.3 It is not known whether the results of this test methodwill be equally valid when a mattress is burned under condi-tions different from those specified. In particular, it is unclearwhether the use of a different ignition source, or the sameignition source but having a different dur

42、ation of flameexposure or a different gas-flow rate, will change the results.5.12.4 The value of rate of heat release corresponding to thecritical limit between propagating mattress fires and non-propagating fires is not known.5.12.5 As yet, there is not a known direct correlationbetween smoke obscu

43、ration or smoke toxicity measurements inthe exhaust duct and overall fire hazard.5.12.6 This test method does not address changes in fireperformance that might occur due to vandalism or to othermisuse.6. Apparatus6.1 Room Layout and Instrumentation:6.1.1 Test Room Layout (Test Configuration A)The te

44、stroom shall have dimensions of 2.44 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 625 mm by 2.44 m 6 25 mm (8 by 12 by 8 ft) high. The roomshall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.76 m 66.4 mm by 2.03 m 6 6.4 mm (30 by 80 in.), located asindicated in Fig. 1, and other small openings, as necessary, tomake test m

45、easurements. Construct the test room of wooden ormetal studs, and line it with fire-rated gypsum wallboard orcalcium silicate wallboard. Position a hood, as described inAnnexA1, outside of the room doorway, such that it collects allof the combustion gases. There shall be no obstructions to theair su

46、pply to the test setup.NOTE 1Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wall-board with a thickness of at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) have been foundacceptable. If the thickness of the wallboard is larger, it will not affect theresults of this test method.6.1.2 Test Room Layout (Test Configuration

47、B)The testroom shall have dimensions of 3.05 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 625 mm by 2.44 m 6 25 mm (10 by 12 by 8 ft) high. The roomshall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.97 m 66.4 mm by 2.06 m 6 6.4 mm (38 by 81 in.), located asindicated in Fig. 2, and other small openings, as necessary, toma

48、ke test measurements. Construct the test room of wooden ormetal studs, and line it with fire-rated gypsum wallboard orcalcium silicate wallboard. Position a hood, as described inAnnexA1, outside of the room doorway, such that it collects allof the combustion gases. There shall be no obstructions to

49、theair supply to the test method setup. (See Note 1.)6.1.3 Open Calorimeter Layout (Test Configuration C):6.1.3.1 The area surrounding the test specimen in an opencalorimeter layout shall be sufficiently large that there are no9The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.NOTE 1See text for tolerances; room instrumentation is optional.FIG. 1 Test Room Configuration AE1590 173heat radiation effects from the walls or any other nearbyobjects. The airflow to the test specimen shall be symme