ASTM C1272-17 Standard Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick.pdf

1、Designation: C1272 17Standard Specification forHeavy Vehicular Paving Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1272; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes

2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use as apaving material in areas with a high volume of heavy vehiculartraffic. The units are designed for us

3、e in such places as streets,commercial driveways, and aircraft taxiways. These units arenot intended for applications covered by Specifications C410or C902.1.2 Units are manufactured from clay, shale, or similarnaturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heattreatment at elevated temper

4、atures (firing). The heat treatmentmust develop sufficient fired bond between the particulateconstituents to provide the strength and durability requirementsof this specification (see Terminology C1232).1.3 Brick may be shaped during manufacture by extruding,molding, or pressing. Brick may have spac

5、ing lugs, chamferededges, or both.1.4 Use of this standard and the requirements herein toevaluate and corroborate the performance of a paving unitmade from other materials, or made with other formingmethods, or other means of binding the materials is not coveredby the scope of this standard.1.5 The

6、values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized

7、principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampli

8、ng and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use ofSodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete bySandblastingC902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Pavi

9、ngBrickC1232 Terminology of MasonryE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Proper-ties Using the British Pendulum Tester3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are definedin Terminology C1232.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heavy vehicular tra

10、ffchigh volume of heavy ve-hicles representing trucks or combination vehicles having 3 ormore loaded axles.3.2.1.1 DiscussionHigh volume traffic is considered toexceed 251 daily Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESAL).Defined by the American Association of State Highway Trans-portation Officials (AASHTO

11、), an ESAL converts a mix ofaxle loads on a pavement to an equivalent number of 18,000 lb(80 kN) single axle loads.4. Classification4.1 TypesHeavy vehicular paving brick are classified bytype according to their intended installation:4.1.1 Type RBrick intended to be set in a mortar settingbed support

12、ed by an adequate concrete base; or an bituminoussetting bed supported by an adequate asphalt or concrete base.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Cur

13、rent edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C1272 16b. DOI: 10.1520/C1272-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of

14、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international stan

15、dard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.1.2

16、 Type FBrick intended to be set in an aggregatesetting bed, with aggregate joints, and supported by an ad-equate base.4.2 ApplicationsHeavy vehicular paving brick are classi-fied by application according to their dimensional tolerances,warpage, and extent of chips.4.2.1 Application PSPavers intended

17、 for general use.4.2.2 Application PXPavers intended for use where ahigher degree of precision and a lower permissible variation indimensional tolerances and warpage are required than forApplication PS.4.2.3 Application PAPavers intended to produce charac-teristic architectural effects resulting fro

18、m nonuniformity insize, color, and texture.5. Physical Properties5.1 Freeze Thaw ResistanceUse one of the followingmethods:5.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shall con-form to the physical requirements for the type specified asprescribed in Table 1.5.1.2 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeTh

19、e 24-h coldwater absorption requirements specified in 5.1.1 shall not berequired provided a sample of five brick, meeting all otherrequirements, passes the 50 cycle freezing-and-thawing test inTest Methods C67 with not greater than 0.5 % loss in dryweight of any individual unit.NOTE 1The provisions

20、of 5.1.2 are specified only as an alternativewhen the sample does not conform to the requirements 24-h for cold waterabsorption prescribed in Table 1.5.1.2.1 Sulfate Soundness Test AlternativeThe 24-h coldwater absorption requirements specified in 5.1.1 shall not berequired if a representative sampl

21、e of five brick survives 15cycles of the sulfate soundness test in accordance with Sections4, 5, and 8 of Test Method C88 with no visible damage.NOTE 2The sulfate soundness test is an optional substitute test for thefreezing-and-thawing test (5.1.2).5.1.3 Performance AlternativeIf information on the

22、 per-formance over time of similar units in a similar applicationwith similar exposure and traffic is furnished by the manufac-turer or the manufacturers agent and is found acceptable to thespecifier of the pavement material or the specifiers agent, thephysical requirements in 5.1.1 or the size requ

23、irements in 7.2shall not be required.5.2 Abrasion ResistanceEach individual brick tested shallmeet the requirements of either the Abrasion Index column orthe Volume Abrasion Loss column of Table 2.5.2.1 Abrasion IndexThe abrasion index is calculatedfrom the 24-h cold water absorption in percent and

24、thecompressive strength in pounds per square inch as follows:abrasion index 5100 3absorptioncompressive strength(1)5.2.1.1 The compressive strength shall be determined onhalf-brick, which are the full height (no less than 214 in. (57mm) and width of the unit, and with a length equal to one halfthe f

25、ull length of the unit (614 in. (66 mm) for eachdimension). For abrasion index testing purposes, the brick shallbe without core holes, frogs or other perforations. Other shapedspecimens may be used provided that a correlation is estab-lished with the results of the specified shape and the results ar

26、econverted to be equivalent to those that would be obtained withthe specified shape.5.2.1.2 In those cases where the height requirements fordetermining compressive strength cannot be met, the abrasionresistance should be determined according to the volumeabrasion loss method.5.2.2 Volume Abrasion Lo

27、ssThe volume abrasion lossshould be determined in accordance with Test Method C418,with the following changes in procedure:5.2.2.1 The sand shall be a natural silica sand from Ottawa,IL, graded to pass a No. 50 (300-m) sieve and retained on aNo. 100 (150-m) sieve.5.2.2.2 The test shall be run on dry

28、 brick.5.2.2.3 The duration of the test shall be 2 min.5.2.2.4 The rate of sand flow shall be 400 g/min.5.2.2.5 The volume loss shall be determined by filling theabraded depression with modeling clay, striking off level withthe original surface of the brick, and removing and weighingthe modeling cla

29、y. The volume loss shall be calculated from thebulk density of the modeling clay. The bulk density should bedetermined on each lot of modeling clay. An alternativemethod of determining the weight of clay used in filling thesandblast cavity is to determine the weight of the modelingclay sample before

30、 and after filling the cavity.5.3 Skid ResistanceWhen specified, the units shall betested for skid resistance in accordance with Test MethodE303.5.4 CoringThe brick shall be without core holes or otherperforations.5.5 Chips or CracksThe brick shall be free of chips orcracks larger than those listed

31、in this specification that wouldsignificantly impair the performance of the system.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsTypeMinimum Compressive Strength, GrossArea, psi (MPa)Minimum Breaking Load,lb/in. (kN/mm)Maximum 24-h ColdWater Absorption, %Avg. of 5 Brick Individual Avg. of 5 Brick Individual Avg. of

32、5 Brick IndividualR 8000 (55.2) 7000 (48.3) . . . . . . 6.0 7.0F 10 000 (69.0) 8800 (60.7) 475 (83) 333 (58) 6.0 7.0TABLE 2 Abrasion RequirementsAType Abrasion Index, max Volume Abrasion Loss,max, cm3/cm2R and F 0.11 1.7ASee 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 for additional information.C1272 1726. Efflorescence6.1 Whe

33、n specified, the units shall be tested for efflores-cence in accordance with Test Methods C67. The units shall besampled at the place of manufacture.7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations7.1 The size of the brick shall be as specified by thepurchaser.7.2 The minimum specified thickness of the unit

34、 depends onthe Type and shall be as follows:7.2.1 Type R214 in. (57.2 mm).7.2.2 Type F258 in. (66.7 mm).7.3 When chamfers are specified by the purchaser, thedimensions required in 7.2.2 are exclusive of chamfers.7.4 Lugs shall project no greater than18 in. (3.2 mm), unlessotherwise specified.NOTE 3L

35、ugs may be used to provide a minimum joint size. Whenpavers are used in permeable paving assemblies, lugs may be larger than18 in. (3.2 mm).7.4.1 When lugs are specified by the purchaser, the size ofthe brick and its associated dimensional tolerances shallinclude the lugs.NOTE 4Some manufacturers ha

36、ve the option of making brick withlugs in different locations. When the pavers are placed such that the lugsare directly opposed to each other, the dimension measurement shallinclude both lugs. When the pavers are placed in a manner where the lugsare offset, or when lugs are only on one side of the

37、unit, the dimensionmeasurement shall include one lug only.7.5 In the sample of units, no unit shall depart from thespecified size by more than the individual tolerance for theapplication specified as prescribed in Table 3. Type F pavingbrick shall conform to Application PX only.7.6 Tolerances for wa

38、rpage of surfaces or edges intended tobe exposed in use from a plane surface and from a straight line,respectively, shall not exceed the maximum for the applicationspecified as prescribed in Table 4. Type F paving brick shallconform to Application PX only.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 If brick having

39、a particular color, color range, or textureare desired, these features shall be specified separately by thepurchaser. The texture of the finished face shall conform to anapproved sample consisting of not less than four brick, eachrepresenting the texture desired. The color range shall beindicated by

40、 the approved sample.8.2 Other than chips, the finished faces of the brick shall befree of cracks or other imperfections detracting from theappearance of a designated sample when viewed from adistance of 20 ft (6 m) under diffused lighting. If brick havinga particular color, color range, or texture

41、are desired, thesefeatures shall be specified separately by the purchaser. Thetexture of the finished face shall conform to an approvedsample consisting of not less than four brick, each representingthe texture desired. The color range shall be indicated by theapproved sample.8.3 The finished faces

42、of the brick shall be free of chips thatexceed the limits given in Table 5. The cumulative length ofchips on the finished face of a single unit shall not exceed 10 %of the perimeter of that face.8.4 A delivery shall contain not more than 5 % brick that donot meet the combined requirements of Tables

43、3-5, includingbroken brick.8.5 After brick are placed in usage, the requirements forchippage and tolerances do not apply in determining compli-ance with this specification.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordancewith applicable sections in Test Methods C67.9.2 T

44、he manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimensfor tests. The place or places of selection shall be designatedwhen the purchase order is placed.NOTE 5Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: If the results of the tests show that thebrick

45、 do not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost istypically borne by the seller. If the results of the tests show that the brickdo conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typicallyborne by the purchaser.10. Keywords10.1 brick; fired masonry units; pavement

46、surfacesTABLE 3 Tolerances on DimensionsDimension, in. (mm) Permissible Variation, max, in. (mm)Application PS Application PX Application PA3 (76) and under18 (3.2)116 (1.6) no limitOver 3 to 5 (76 to 127)316 (4.7)332 (2.4) no limitOver 5 to 8 (127 to 203)14 (6.4)18 (3.2) no limitOver 8 (203)516 (7.

47、9)732 (5.6) no limitTABLE 4 Tolerances on WarpageSpecified Dimension, in.(mm)Permissible Warpage, max, in. (mm)Application PS Application PX Application PA8 (203) and under332 (2.4)116 (1.6) no limitOver 8 (203) to 12 (305)18 (3.2)332 (2.4) no limitOver 12 (305) to 16 (406)532 (4.0)18 (3.2) no limit

48、TABLE 5 Maximum Permissible Extent of Chippage from Edgesand CornersApplication Chippage, in. (mm) in fromEdge CornerPS and PX516 (7.9)12 (12.7)PA no limit no limitC1272 173SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1272 16b

49、) that may impact the use of this standard. (June 1, 2017)(1) Changed the description of Type F (4.1.2) to include paversset in permeable pavements.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to r