ASTM D5857-17 Standard Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISO Protocol and Methodology.pdf

1、Designation: D5857 17Standard Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISOProtocol and Methodology1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis

2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis material specification is intended to provide a call out system for polypropylene utilizingspeci

3、men preparation procedures and test method based on ISO standards.This specification is not intended for the determination of the suitability of performance of materialsin the final application. Selection of these materials is to be made by personnel with expertise in theplastics field in which the

4、environment, inherent properties of the materials, performance of the parts,part design, manufacturing process, and economics are considered.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suit-able for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist ofpolypropylene homopolymers, po

5、lypropylene copolymers, andpolypropylene-elastomer compounds produced with or withoutthe addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylene rubber,polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber, and so forth),colorants, stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, or reinforcements.1.2 This specification allows for th

6、e use of those polypro-pylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, andreground, provided that the following conditions are met:1.2.1 The requirements as stated in this specification andother ISO guidelines pertaining to these types of materials aremet, and1.2.2 The material has not been mo

7、dified in any way to alterits conformance to food contact regulations or similar require-ments.1.3 The proportions of recycled, reconstituted, and regrindmaterial used, as well as the nature and the amount of anycontaminant, cannot be practically covered in this specifica-tion. It is the responsibil

8、ity of the supplier and buyer ofrecycled, reconstituted, and regrind materials to ensure com-pliance.1.4 The properties included in this classification system arethose required to identify the compositions covered. Otherrequirements necessary to identify particular characteristicsimportant to specia

9、lized applications can be specified by usingthe suffixes as given in Section 5 and those in ClassificationSystem D4000.1.5 This classification system and specification are intendedto provide a means of calling out polypropylene materials usedin the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intend

10、ed for theselection of materials. Material selection can be made by thosehaving expertise in the plastic field only after careful consid-eration of the design and the performance required of the part,the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabricationprocess to be employed, the costs involv

11、ed, and the inherentproperties of the material other than those covered by thisspecification.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 13, of this specification: Thisspecification does

12、not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this specification to establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regu-latory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This specification is similar

13、 to both ISO 1873-1 and ISO1873-2, but to different degrees. This specification resembles ISO 1873-1in title only. The content is significantly different. This specification andISO 1873-2 differ in approach or detail; data obtained using either aretechnically equivalent.1.8 This international standa

14、rd was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1This

15、specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5857 - 15. DOI:1

16、0.1520/D5857-17.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on stan

17、dardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for T

18、estingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1999 Guide for Selection of Specimens and Test Param-eters from ISO/IEC Standards (Withdrawn 2000)3D3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties ofPlastics Using Load and Displacement Senso

19、rsD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, andUse of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (With-drawn 2015)3E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine

20、Conformance with Specifications2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 62 PlasticsDetermination of Water AbsorptionISO 75-1 PlasticsDetermination of Temperature of De-flection Under Load, Part 1: General Test MethodISO 75-2 PlasticsDetermination of Temperature of De-flection Under Load, Part 2: Plastics and EboniteI

21、SO 105 TextilesTests for Color FastnessISO 178 PlasticsDetermination of Flexural Properties ofRigid PlasticsISO 179 PlasticsDetermination of Charpy Impact Strengthof Rigid MaterialsISO 180 PlasticsDetermination of Izod Impact Strength ofRigid MaterialsISO 293 PlasticsCompression Moulding Test Specim

22、ensof Thermoplastic MaterialISO 294 PlasticsInjection Moulding of Test Specimens ofThermoplastic MaterialISO 306 PlasticsThermoplastic MaterialsDeterminationof Vicat Softening TemperatureISO 527-1 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Properties,Part 1: General PrinciplesISO 527-2 PlasticsDetermination o

23、f Tensile Properties,Part 2: Test Conditions for Molding and Extrusion PlasticsISO 537 PlasticsTesting with Torsional PendulumISO 604 PlasticsDetermination of Compressive PropertiesISO 868 Plastics and EboniteDetermination of IndentionHardness by Means of a Durometer (Shore Hardness)ISO 877 Plastics

24、Methods of Exposure to directWeathering, to Weathering Using Glass-Filtered Daylight,and to Intensified Weathering by Daylight Using FresnelMirrorsISO 899 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile CreepISO 974 PlasticsDetermination of the Brittleness Tem-perature by ImpactISO 1133 PlasticsDetermination of Me

25、lt Flow Rate ofThermoplasticsISO 1183A PlasticsMethods for Determining the Densityand Relative Density of Non-Cellular PlasticsISO 1191 PlasticsPolyethylene and Polypropylenes in Di-lute SolutionsDetermination of Viscosity Number andof Limiting Viscosity NumberISO 1628-3 PlasticsDetermination of Vis

26、cosity Numberand Limiting Viscosity Number, Part 3: Polyethylene andPolypropylene ResinsISO 1873-1 PlasticsPropylene and Propylene-CopolymerThermoplastics, Part 1: DesignationISO 1873-2 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) and Propylene-Copolymer Thermoplastics, Part 2: Preparation of TestSpecimens and Determ

27、ination of PropertiesISO 2039-1 PlasticsDetermination of Hardness, Part 1:Ball Indention MethodISO 2039-2 PlasticsDetermination of Hardness, Part 2:Rockwell HardnessISO 2818 PlasticsPreparation of Test Specimens by Ma-chiningISO 3451-1 PlasticsDetermination ofAsh, Part 1: GeneralMethodsISO 3795 Road

28、 Vehicles, and Tractors and Machinery forAgriculture and ForestryDetermination of Burning Be-havior of Interior MaterialsISO 4582 PlasticsDetermination of Changes in Colourand Variations in Properties after Exposure to DaylightUnder Glass, Natural Weathering or Artificial LightISO 4589 PlasticsDeter

29、mination of Flammability by Oxy-gen IndexISO 4892-1 Methods of Exposure to Laboratory LightSources, Part 1: General GuidanceISO 4892-2 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight, Part 2: Xenon Arc ExposureISO 4892-3 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to LaboratoryLight, Part 3: Fluorescent UV LampsISO

30、6427 PlasticsDetermination of Matter Extractable byOrganic Solvents (Conventional Methods)ISO 6602 PlasticsDetermination of Flexural Creep byThree-Point LoadingISO 6603-1 PlasticsDetermination of Multiaxial ImpactBehavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 1: Falling Dart MethodISO 6603-2 PlasticsDetermination

31、 of Multiaxial ImpactBehavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 2: Instrumented PunctureTestISO 8256 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Impact Prop-ertiesISO 9113 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) and Propylene-Copolymer ThermoplasticsDetermination of IsotacticIndexISO 10350 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation of Com

32、-parable Single-Point DataISO 113573 PlasticsDifferential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), Part 3: Determination of Temperature and En-thalpy of Melting and Crystallization2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B

33、ook of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, htt

34、p:/www.ansi.org.D5857 172ISO 11403-1 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation ofComparable Multi-Point Data, Part 1: Mechanical Prop-ertiesISO 11403-2 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation ofComparable Multi-point DataPart 3: EnvironmentalInfluences on PropertiesISO 20753 PlasticsTest Specimens2.3 IEC St

35、andards:4IEC 93 Recommended Methods of Test for Volume andSurface Resistivities of Electrical Insulation MaterialsIEC 112 Recommended Method for Determining the Com-parative Tracking Index of Solid Insulation MaterialsUnder Moist ConditionsIEC 243-1 Recommended Methods of Test for ElectricStrength o

36、f Solid Insulating Materials at Power Frequen-ciesIEC 250 Recommended Methods for the Determination ofthe Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor ofElectrical Insulation Materials at Power,Audio, and RadioFrequencies Including Metre WavelengthsIEC 296 Specification for Unused Mineral Insulati

37、ng Oilsfor Transformers and SwitchgearIEC 606951110 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 1110: TestFlames-50 W Horizontal and Vertical Test Methods2.4 SAE Standards:5SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forExterior Finishes, Textiles and Color TrimSAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measureme

38、nt forColorfastness of Automotive Interior Trim MaterialsSAE J1976 Outdoor Weathering of Exterior MaterialsSAE J2412 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive InteriorTrim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J2527 Performance Based Standard for AcceleratedExposure of Automotive

39、Exterior Materials Using a Con-trolled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms and abbreviations ap-plying to this specification appear in Terminologies D883 andD1600 and Guide D7209.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, nthe

40、constant pressure that is appliedto the end of the screw while the screw is rotating andretracting to prepare for the next injection.3.2.2 brittle failure, none where the specimen test area isbroken into two or more pieces, with sharp edges, and showsalmost no plastic flow.3.2.3 cooling time, nthe t

41、ime during which the material isin the closed mold with no pressure applied.3.2.4 cycle time, nthe time required to complete a fullinjection molding cycle, including injection time, cooling time,and mold open time.3.2.5 ductile brittle transition temperature, nthe tempera-ture at which a minimum of

42、80 % of the specimens exhibitductile failure.3.2.6 ductile failure, none where the specimen deformsplastically before fracturing such that the cracks do not radiatemore than 10 mm beyond the center of the impact point.3.2.7 injection pressure, nthe constant pressure that isapplied to the end of the

43、screw, causing the melted material tofill the mold.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe injection pressure along with theinjection speed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.8 injection time, nthe time during which a constantspecified pressure is applied to the melted material.3.2.9 injection veloci

44、ty, nthe average velocity of the meltas it passes through the cross-sectional area of a cavity of asingle- or multi-cavity mold at the position that forms thecritical portion of the test specimen.3.2.10 melt temperature, nthe temperature of the materialas it is being injected into the mold, measured

45、 by a pyrometer.3.2.11 mold open time, nthe time beginning when themold is opened and ending when the mold is closed.3.2.12 mold temperature, nthe temperature of the moldduring the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and onboth platens.3.2.13 polypropylene (PP)a propylene plastic prepared b

46、ythe polymerization of propylene or propylene with other alphaolefins (see also PP-H, PP-R, and PP-B).3.2.14 polypropylene heterophasic copolymers (PP-B)apropylene plastic consisting of two or more separate phases.These include PP+EPR, PP+EPDM, PP+IIR, PP+BR, and soforth.3.2.14.1 DiscussionThe phase

47、s consist of a polypropylenehomopolymer (PP-H) or a polypropylene random copolymer(PP-R) matrix containing a dispersed olefinic elastomer havingno other functional group, added in situ or physically blendedinto the polypropylene matrix.3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)a propyleneplastic prepar

48、ed by the polymerization of propylene only.3.2.16 polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)a propyl-ene plastic containing another olefinic monomer (or mono-mers) having no functional group other than the olefinic groupcopolymerized with propylene.3.2.16.1 DiscussionPolypropylene random copolymerscontai

49、ning more than one additional monomer are often calledterpolymers.4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified intogroups in accordance with basic composition. These groups aresubdivided into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.NOTE 2An example of this classification system is as follows. Thedesignation PP0113 would indicate: PP = polypropylene, as found inTerminology D1600, 01 (group) = homopolymer, 1 (class) = generalpurpose, and 3 (grade) = with requirements given i