ASTM F504-05(2017) Standard Test Method for Measuring the Quasi-Static Release Moments of Alpine Ski Bindings.pdf

1、Designation: F504 05 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Quasi-Static Release Moments of Alpine SkiBindings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F504; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision

2、, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the measure-ment of release moments of ski bindings under conditions

3、where inertia loadings of the ski binding system are notsignificant.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a

4、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F498 Test Method for Center Spring Constant and SpringConstant Balance of Alpine SkisF779 Test Method for Torsion Characteristic of Alpine SkisF944 Specification for Properties of Adult Alpine Ski Boots(W

5、ithdrawn 2004)32.2 ISO Standard:4ISO 9838 Alpine Ski BindingsTest Soles for Ski BindingTestsISO 9462 Alpine Ski BindingsSafety Requirements andTest MethodsISO 9465 Alpine Ski BindingsLateral Release under Im-pact Loading-Test Method3. Terminology3.1 The following terminology is introduced with refer

6、enceto the sketch of the boot-ski system shown in Fig. 1.3.1.1 Six points of load application to the standard test skiare required. With the adult boot sole (300 mm in length) themost forward point, located at a position 90 6 0.5 cm from thecenterline of the test shaft, shall be called the “forward

7、point”and shall be designated as F. The second point, 45 6 0.5 cm infront of the centerline of the test shaft, shall be designated the“near point,” N. The third point, located 45 6 0.5 cm behindthe centerline of the test shaft, shall be designated “rear point,”R. The fourth point, located 35 6 0.5 c

8、m in front of the centerline of the test shaft, shall be designated the “near preloadpoint,” NP. The fifth point, located 75 6 0.5 cm behind thecenterline of the test shaft shall be designated the “far rearpoint,” FRP.The sixth point, the “alternate near preload point,”ANP, is located 7.5 6 0.25 cm,

9、 in the minus y-direction fromthe point NP. For sole lengths longer than 300 mm the F andFR points are not changed from the location used for the 300mm boot sole. For sole lengths shorter than 300 mm the N, R,ANP and NP points are not changed from the location used forthe 300 mm sole. For bindings w

10、hich are to be used exclusivelywith skis shorter than the test ski, F and FR tests shall beperformed at the N and R points. If the ski is too short for thespecified N and R points, N and R shall be moved closer to thez-axis by 10 cm each, and all tests performed using the new Nand R points. The forc

11、es that are applied to the standard ski atthese six designated points may now be described by simplevector notation. A laboratory-fixed axis designation shall beused with the numeral z denoting the vertical axis normal to thetop face of the ski (in the region of the test shaft) and positivein the di

12、rection outward from the ski; the numeral x denotingthe longitudinal axis, positive in the forward direction of theski; and the numeral y denoting the lateral axis, the positivedirection of which is determined by the right-hand rule. Thez-axis is coincident with the centerline of the test shaft. The

13、origin of the XYZ coordinate system is a point 230 mm alongthe axis of the test shaft from the bearing surface of the test solefor 300 mm test soles. The location is changed proportionallyfor soles other than 300 mm. The direction of any force applied1This test method is under the jurisdiction of AS

14、TM Committee F27 on SnowSkiing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F27.10 on Binding TestProcedures.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F504 05 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/F0504-05R17.2For reference

15、d ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.

16、astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internatio

17、nally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1to the ski is defined by its unit vector. The magnitu

18、de of apreload force applied to the ski is defined by the Mzor Mymoment created by the force.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The ski binding is mounted on a standard ski and astandard boot sole is inserted into the binding.Arelatively stifftest shaft instrumented for moments is affixed to the sole anda

19、ttached rigidly to the test frame. The apparatus is shown inFig. 2.4.2 Loads sufficient to produce binding release are appliedto the binding by forcing the ski to displace relative to theframe until release occurs. The components of the momentstransmitted through the binding to the test shaft are re

20、corded.These records are interpreted to provide the static releasemoments of the binding.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method involves simulation in the laboratory ofpotential injury-producing loads that can occur in skiing,without implying the frequency or the magnitude of the danger.This te

21、st method does not include the simulation of all or partof a skier, and care must be taken not to confuse the values ofmoments measured by the test shaft with the loads subjected tothe tibia of a skier under the same conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Ski:6.1.1 SkiThree test skis are defined in Table 1 of I

22、SO9462. The mounting platform shall be as specified in therelevant ASTM standard. The boots ski location marker asshown on Specification F944 or ISO 9838 shall be aligned withthe boot centerline marker on the ski. If there are no markers onthe boot or ski the center of the boot sole shall be located

23、 15 60.5 cm behind the center of the skis projected length unless therelevant ASTM standard applies.6.2 BootFour test soles are defined in Table 2 of ISO9462. The standard adult sole shall be 30 6 0.5 cm in lengthand shall be adjustable, over a range of 64 cm. It shall beconstructed to meet the requ

24、irements of ISO 9838. Detailsconcerning boot characteristics shall conform to the relevantASTM standard. However, it shall be permissible to modify theboot if the binding manufacturer specifies that modification isnecessary for proper function of the binding.6.3 StiffenerWhen a ski stiffener is call

25、ed for (see AnnexA1 and AnnexA2), a channel of dimensions 75 to 80 mm wideby 35 to 40 mm high by 4 to 5 mm thick shall be used to stiffenthe ski between the near and rear points. The channel shall bemade of 6061 T6 aluminum, or equivalent. The bar shall beattached to the ski by bolts, screws, or cla

26、mps at N and R pointsand at a point half way between N and R points. The stiffenerdescribed in Fig. A1.1 meets this requirement.6.4 Test Frame:6.4.1 The test frame consists of all mechanical componentsthat connect the boot to a stationary reference, including theboot sole attachment, the test shaft,

27、 and the supporting struc-ture for the test shaft. The test frame shall include a boot soleattachment constructed in accordance with ISO 9838 for thestandard sole.6.4.2 The angle between the bottom of the boot sole and thetest shaft shall be 90 6 1 in the zx and zy planes; thepositions of centerline

28、 of the test shaft relative to the boot shallbe at a longitudinal location 20 6 1 cm from the front of theboot sole when the 300-mm boot sole is used. For other bootsole lengths the distance shall be two thirds the distance fromthe front of the sole.6.4.3 The test shaft and associated instrumentatio

29、n shall becapable of measuring moments about the x-, y-, and z-axes asrequired. Further specifications for the test shaft as part of theinstrumentation system are discussed in 6.6.6.4.4 The linear compliance of all combined mechanicalcomponents of the test frame shall be no more than 4 106m/N in eit

30、her of the x or y directions, and no more than4107m/N in the z direction for loads applied at theintersection of the test shaft and the attachment plate. Theangular compliance shall be no more than 5 105rad/N mfor rotations around the x, y,orz-axes.NOTE 1When an associated high-speed test series is

31、established, theangular compliance shall be no more than 2.5 105rad/Nmforrotations around the x-, y-, or z-axes.FIG. 1 Load ApplicationFIG. 2 Test EquipmentF504 05 (2017)26.5 Cable:6.5.1 The minimum length of cable between the point ofattachment to the ski and the nearest support shall be 1 m.6.5.2

32、The cable shall be attached to the ski such that theresultant force transmitted through the cable passes within 1cm of the centeroid of the cross section of the ski.6.5.3 Preloads are applied through a pulley near the base ofthe load cell pedestal with an attachment swivel not more than12 cm offset

33、from the load cell axis. A spring with a springconstant of 65 N/cm (610 %) and an unloaded length of atleast 20 cm is attached between the preload cable and theattachment fixture. When a preload (PL) is used in a test thepreload cable force will induce a moment Mythat is a specifiedpercentage of the

34、 nominal release moment in test 2.1 (see Fig.11).6.5.4 Release in tests 1.1, 2.2, and 2.2 (Fig. 3, Fig. 11, andFig. 12) is accomplished by a single cable connecting points Nand R that is loaded by a traveller pulley of a design capable ofapplying loads at N and R that are opposite in direction andeq

35、ual in magnitude to within 5 % of each other.NOTE 2Preloads (PL) given in are examples of Mypreload momentsthat may be specified.6.6 Instrumentation:6.6.1 MeasurementsThe instrumentation shall providemeasurement of the peak Mzand Mymoments. The values ofmeasured moments are referred to a point 23 6

36、0.1 cm abovethe bearing surface of the boot sole on the z-axis for 300-mmsole lengths. Other length soles shall require this referencepoint to be shifted proportionally.6.6.2 RangeMaximum moment along a single axis:300 Nm full 2 scale for MzMx! (1)1000 Nm full 2 scale for My!6.6.3 AccuracyAbsolute a

37、ccuracy for moment measure-ments to errors less than 62 % of reading for readings above50 Nm and less than 61 Nm for readings 50 Nm or less.6.6.4 RepeatabilityRepeated readings under standard testconditions shall be repeatable to 61.5 % for moment readingsabove 50 N m. Repeatability shall be to 60.7

38、5 Nm for lowerreadings.6.6.5 HysteresisThe hysteresis measured at no load shallbe less than 1.5-N m moment following a cyclical load to fullscale.6.6.6 Null Drift shall be correctable to less than 0.75-N mmoment at 20C.6.6.7 Temperature Sensitivity:Gain variations:correctable to 0.2% C at (2)To60.5C

39、FIG. 3 Test 1.1FIG. 4 Test 1.3FIG. 5 Test 1.4FIG. 6 Test 1.5F504 05 (2017)3Null variations:correctable to 0.5 Nm/C at (3)To60.5Cwhere: To= equilibrium environmental temperature and isin the range from 20 to +20C.6.6.8 Frequency ResponseGain measured at full scaleshall vary less than 1 dB over the ba

40、ndwidth 0 to 100 Hz. Phaselag shall be less than 10 over the same bandwidth.6.7 Load Application:6.7.1 Locations and Directions of ApplicationThe appa-ratus shall have the capability of applying the load configura-tions in accordance with Figs. 3-15. Tests in Category 1 havePL =.752.1FIG. 7 Test 1.6

41、PL =.502.1FIG. 8 Test 1.8PL =.502.1FIG. 9 Test 1.10PL =.752.1FIG. 10 Test 1.11FIG. 11 Test 2.1FIG. 12 Test 2.2F504 05 (2017)4a significant Mzcomponent; tests in Category 2 have asignificant Mycomponent. Note that the unit vector is given forall loads applied through the cable system. The unit vector

42、 fora release load is shown as a solid line while the unit vector fora preload is shown as a dashed line. Preloads (PL) are given interms of the nominal value of test 2.1 (see Fig. 11).6.7.1.1 Release load and preload cables shall be adjustableto within 2 of the orientation of the unit vector specif

43、ied inFigs. 3-15 as measured under a cable tension equivalent toapproximately 10 % of the nominal release load in tests 1.1 or2.1 as appropriate.6.7.2 Rates of ApplicationThe apparatus shall have theability of applying loads such that the linear speed of the cableat the point of attachment to the sk

44、i shall be adjustable to twodifferent rates as follows: 2 6 0.5 cm/s and 60 6 10 cm/s.FIG. 13 Test 2.3FIG. 14 Test 2.5FIG. 15 Test 2.8F504 05 (2017)56.7.3 CalibrationThe load cell is calibrated using thefixture and procedures defined in Annex A.6.7.4 ZeroingThe instrumentation is zeroed without thes

45、ki attached to the test sole.7. Test Specimen Preparation7.1 Bindings should be mounted in accordance with themanufacturers specifications, and boot surfaces and interfacesshall be cleaned with an appropriate cleaner, unless otherwisespecified by environmental test procedures. All tests shall beperf

46、ormed with boot-binding contact points wet by a mist ofdistilled water unless otherwise specified by environmentalprocedures.8. Procedure8.1 An individual release measurement shall consist ofattaching a ski-binding system to the test apparatus andapplying a load configuration, as specified in 6.7.1

47、and 6.7.2,sufficient to cause the binding mechanism to release whilesimultaneously recording information sufficient to determinethe two peak Mzand Mymoments. Refer to Annex A2 forstep-by-step procedures.9. Keywords9.1 alpine ski binding; release binding; release envelope;release momentANNEXES(Mandat

48、ory Information)A1. FIXTURESA1.1 ScopeA1.1.1 This Annex describes fixtures that may be used toadapt the device described in Test Method F504 to meet therequirements of ISO 9462 Method B.A1.2 Fixtures and Test ConfigurationsA1.2.1 Use the ski stiffening fixture described in Fig. A1.1and release loads

49、 as defined in Fig. 3 and Fig. 11 unlessotherwise specified.FIG. A1.1 Ski Stiffening FixtureF504 05 (2017)6A1.2.2 To perform the release with ski deflection test, usethe fixture described in Fig. A1.2.A1.2.3 To perform the release with combined loading testfor influence of forward lean of the body, use the loadconfiguration defined in Fig.A1.3 to apply the preload momentMy.A1.2.4 To perform the release with combined loading testfor influence of roll loading, use the fixtur