ASTM F2277-17a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment.pdf

1、Designation: F2277 17a An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forEvaluating Design and Performance Characteristics ofSelectorized Strength Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2277; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a

2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable

3、methods for the evaluation ofselectorized strength equipment. Users of these machines must recognize, however, that conformanceto a standard will not necessarily prevent injuries. Certain physical conditions or limitations maypreclude some persons from using this equipment as intended by the manufac

4、turer, and using thisequipment may increase the risk of injury.1. Scope1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatusused for testing and evaluating selectorized strength equipmentfor compliance to Specification F2216. Both design andoperational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible

5、andapplicable, accepted test methods from other recognized bodieswill be used and referenced.1.2 RequirementsSelectorized strength equipment is to betested in accordance with these test methods or Test MethodsF2571 for all of the following parameters:1.2.1 Stability,1.2.2 Edge and corner sharpness,1

6、.2.3 Tube ends,1.2.4 Weight stack travel,1.2.5 Weight stack selector pin retention,1.2.6 Function of adjustments and locking mechanisms,1.2.7 Handgrip design and retention,1.2.8 Assist mechanisms,1.2.9 Foot supports,1.2.10 Rope and belt systems:1.2.10.1 Static load,1.2.10.2 End fitting design,1.2.11

7、 Chain drive design,1.2.12 Pulley design:1.2.12.1 Rope pulley design,1.2.12.2 Belt pulley design,1.2.13 Entrapment zones,1.2.14 Pull in points,1.2.15 Weight stack enclosure design,1.2.16 Loading and deflection:1.2.16.1 Intrinsic loading and associated deflection,1.2.16.2 Extrinsic loading and associ

8、ated deflection,1.2.16.3 Endurance loading,1.2.17 Documentation and warnings verification, and1.2.18 Additional universal design and construction require-ments.1.3 This test method2contains additional requirements toaddress the accessibility of the equipment for persons withdisabilities.1.4 The valu

9、es stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parenthesis are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,

10、 health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Int

11、ernational Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:31These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 onSports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and

12、 are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F2277 17. DOI:10.1520/F2277-17A.2This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineer

13、ing ResearchCenter on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living,and Rehabilitation Research grant #90RE5009-01-00.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards

14、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on s

15、tandardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-cility Safety Signage and La

16、belsF2216 Specification for Selectorized Strength EquipmentF2276 Specification for Fitness EquipmentF2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and PerformanceCharacteristics of Fitness EquipmentF3022 Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design ofFitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons withF

17、unctional Limitations and Impairments3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 normal operation, nthe operation of the selectorizedstrength equipment as defined by the manufacturer.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide validand repeat

18、able test methods for the evaluation of selectorizedstrength equipment assembled and maintained according to themanufacturers specifications. Use of these test methods inconjunction with Specification F2216 is intended to maximizethe reliability of selectorized strength equipment design andreduce th

19、e risk of serious injury resulting from design defi-ciencies.5. Sample Preparation5.1 Assemble and adjust the selectorized strength equip-ment according to the manufacturers instructions. Removeupholstered pads from the sample. On machines that are fullyassembled, verify according to the manufacture

20、rs instructionsthat all components are functioning and that they have beenadjusted and aligned properly. Unless otherwise stated, themachine must pass the tests without adjustment from this initialcondition. Selectorized strength equipment shall be providedwith the largest weight stack offered by th

21、e manufacturer forthe model to be tested.5.2 The individual test methods will describe any variationsor modifications that are required to the test sample.6. Test Methods and Procedures6.1 Stability:6.1.1 Selectorized strength equipment shall be tested withand without the simulated user load in the

22、orientation that ismost obviously unstable. If the orientation that is most obvi-ously unstable is not clear, it may be necessary to test severalorientations.6.1.2 Apparatus and Set-UpRefer to Fig. 1. Place sampleon a non-skid surface inclined at 10 in the orientation that isleast stable. The sample

23、 shall rest on the supporting surfacewithout anchoring unless the installation instructions for themachine require that the sample be anchored to the floor. If thisis the case, then anchor the specimen per the manufacturersrecommendations. Determine how the user is placed on themachine to perform th

24、e exercise (that is, seating, standing, orprone) and then determine how the users body weight isFIG. 1 Tilt TestF2277 17a2distributed onto the user support surfaces. For the simulateduse test, a method of applying a steady state load equal to 100kg (220 lb) simulating the users weight and its distri

25、bution inthe vertical direction at the point(s) of user contact must beprovided. As an example, for a seated user, the user supportsurface shall be adjusted to the uppermost position (if adjust-able) and the center of gravity of the 100 kg (220 lb) load shallbe positioned approximately 300 mm (12 in

26、.) above the usersupport surface. Possible methods of providing this loadinclude, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s) or deadweights.6.1.3 CalibrationUsing an angle measuring instrumentaccurate to within 0.1, verify the non-skid surface is 10 60.5. Calibrate the load measurement apparatus

27、to confirmaccuracy to within 620 N (4.5 lb) over entire 981 N (220 lb)range.6.1.4 ProcedureTest the sample as follows:6.1.4.1 With the sample machine (no user load applied)positioned on the tilt surface, verify that the sample does not tipover with the resistance means in the rest position.6.1.4.2 U

28、sing the aforementioned load apparatus, distributea vertical load equal to 100 kg (220 lb) 6 5 % in a non-impactmanner to the specimen where the user contacts the machineduring normal operation. (If only a portion of the users bodyis supported by the machine during operation, the 100 kg (220lb) simu

29、lated user weight shall be reduced by the appropriateamount.) Raise and support the lifting arms and weight stack tosimulate the furthest point in the range of travel as encounteredduring normal operation of the machine by a user of 1.8 m (74in.) stature. Verify that the sample does not tip over.6.1

30、.4.3 Repeat 6.1.4.1 and 6.1.4.2 with the sample orientedin any other directions of potential instability.6.1.5 Pass/Fail CriteriaIn none of the above test condi-tions shall the sample tip over.6.1.6 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either the precision or bias of test 6.1 for measu

31、ringstability since the test result is non-quantitative.6.2 Weight Stack Travel:6.2.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to ensurethat the weight stack travels freely along its guide means andreturns to its initial position after the displacing force has beenremoved.6.2.2 Apparatus and S

32、et UpThe sample shall be set up asdescribed in 5.1.6.2.3 CalibrationNo calibration required. Visual inspec-tion only.6.2.4 ProcedureMove the lifting arm through its range oftravel and verify that the weight stack moves along a guidemeans in a controlled manner and returns to its initial positionas t

33、he lifting arm is returned to its initial rest position.6.2.5 Pass/Fail CriteriaThe weight stack must begin andend the test in the same rest position and must not move unlessit is displaced intentionally by a lifting force applied to thelifting arm.6.2.6 Precision and BiasNo information is presented

34、about either the precision or bias of test in 6.2 for evaluatingweight stack travel since the test result is non-quantitative.6.3 Weight Stack Selector Pin Retention:6.3.1 This test is a visual and physical inspection of theweight stack selector pin to ensure that the design features aretention devi

35、ce and that it functions properly.6.3.2 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set up asdescribed in 5.1. Obtain instructions or a descriptive explana-tion of the function of the weight stack selector pin from themanufacturer.6.3.3 CalibrationNo calibration required. Visual andfunction inspection o

36、nly.6.3.4 ProcedureInspect the weight stack selector pin andensure that it features a retention device that will not allow thepin to be removed from the weight stack unless it is intention-ally removed. Examples of retention devices include, but arenot limited to, spring activated detent balls or a

37、physicaldeformation of the pin and comparable retention zone on theweight plate. The operation of the retention system shall beself-evident. Insert the weight stack selector pin into a weighton the weight stack and verify that the retention mechanismfunctions properly.6.3.5 Pass/Fail CriteriaWeight

38、stack selector pins that donot have a retention means shall fail this test. Retentionmechanisms that do not function according to the instructionsprovided by the manufacturer shall fail this test.6.3.6 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either the precision or bias of test in 6.3 for

39、 evaluatingweight stack selector pin design and function since the testresult is non-quantitative.6.4 Entrance/Exit from Machine:6.4.1 This test is a visual and physical inspection of themachine to determine whether or not an assist means isrequired and then ensure that the design functions properly

40、.6.4.2 Apparatus and Set UpThe sample shall be set up asdescribed in 5.1. Reinstall the upholstered pads for this test.Obtain instructions or a descriptive explanation of the functionof the assist mechanism(s) used on the sample from themanufacturer.6.4.3 CalibrationNo calibration required. Visual a

41、ndfunction inspection only.6.4.4 ProcedureAdjust the machine for the evaluatorssize according to the manufacturers instructions. The evalua-tor shall enter the machine and attempt to get into the exercisestart position as described in the operation instructions pro-vided by the manufacturer. The eva

42、luator shall be able to getinto and back out of the starting position with relative ease. Ifthe lifting or user means cannot be reached by the evaluator orif the evaluator cannot get into the starting position easily, thenfurther adjustment of the machine may be required. If this isnot the case (the

43、 machine is properly adjusted per the operationinstructions for the given body size of the evaluator), then anassist means that moves the lifting or user means into thedirection of lifting stroke must be provided.6.4.4.1 If an assist means is provided, then operate themechanism and ensure that it pe

44、rforms as described in theoperation instructions. Upon actuation of the assist means, thelifting or user means shall move into the direction of machinemotion allowing the user to get into the loaded exercise startposition. Upon completion of the exercise and return of thelifting or user means to the

45、 rest position, actuation of the assistF2277 17a3means shall stop the lifting or user means prior to reaching theunloaded rest position, thereby allowing the user to exit fromthe loaded use position.6.4.5 Pass/Fail CriteriaMachines that do not allow theuser to enter or exit the machine easily shall

46、fail the test. Assistmechanisms that do not function according to the instructionsprovided by the manufacturer shall fail test.Assist mechanismsthat do not stop the lifting or user means far enough into thelifting stroke to allow the user to control and/or stop the finalreturn travel of the lifting

47、or user means shall fail the test.6.4.6 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either the precision or bias of test in 6.4 for evaluatingassist mechanism design and function since the test result isnon-quantitative.6.5 Belt or Rope System Design and Load Testing:6.5.1 This test is a visu

48、al, physical, and functional inspec-tion of the cables, belts, or ropes and their end fittings andattachment means used on the sample to route the load from theresistance means to the user means to ensure that the designfunctions as intended and meets the parameters of SpecificationF2216.6.5.2 Appar

49、atus and Set UpThe sample shall be set up asdescribed in 5.1. Obtain instructions or a descriptive explana-tion of the function of the specimen from the manufacturer.Three cable, belt, or rope specimens measuring 150 mm (5.9in.) replicating the system installed on sample including theirattachment means shall be provided for a separate loading test.6.5.3 CalibrationCalibrate the load measurement appara-tus to confirm accuracy to within 650N(611 lb).6.5.4 Procedure:6.5.4.1 Design EvaluationSelect the minimum resistancelevel for the sample. Cycle