ASTM D5057-17 Standard Test Method for Screening Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Waste.pdf

1、Designation: D5057 17Standard Test Method forScreening Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density ofWaste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of apparentspecific gravity and bulk density in a waste sample. For thepurpose of

3、this test method, the property to be measured isclassified into three groups based on material type:1.1.1 Group AFree-flowing liquids; apparent specificgravity (ASG),1.1.2 Group BGranules, powders, and water-reactiveliquids, solids, or sludges; bulk density (BD), and1.1.3 Group CBulk solids (such as

4、 gravel, paper, or wood,etc.); apparent specific gravity (ASG).1.2 This test method is designed and intended as a screeningtest to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analyti-cal techniques that may be used to determine specific gravity.This test method offers to the user the option and t

5、he ability toscreen waste for apparent specific gravity or bulk density whenthe more sophisticated techniques are not available and thetotal waste composition is unknown.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility

6、of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization estab

7、lished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD5681 Terminology for Wast

8、e and Waste Management3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D5681.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This method describes gravimetric procedures to esti-mate the specific gravity or bulk density of a waste sample. Thespecific gravity of a mate

9、rial is the ratio of the masses of equalvolumes of a waste and reagent water. The apparent specificgravity of materials in Groups A and C is determined bycomparing the mass of a sample to the mass of the samevolume of reagent water. The bulk density of wastes in GroupB is determined as a direct mass

10、/volume ratio of the samplealone and should be used for determinations on water-reactivematerials.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use by those in thewaste management industries for the determination of apparentspecific gravity and bulk density of waste.5.2 The apparent sp

11、ecific gravity and bulk density deter-mined by this test method can be used for the conversion ofmeasured volumes to weights.5.3 The apparent specific gravity and bulk density, whencorrelated with other properties, can be used to indicate thecharacter of the waste.6. Apparatus6.1 Weighing ContainerS

12、pecific gravity bottle or equiva-lent container.6.2 Spatulas.6.3 Top Loader Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.01 g.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water as definedby Type IV of Specification D1193.1This tes

13、t method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 onScreening Methods.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5057 10. D

14、OI:10.1520/D5057-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha

15、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommenda

16、tions issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.18. Weighing Container Calibration8.1 Weigh the empty container (weighing bottle or specificgravity bottle) with lid on, and record weight to the nearest0.01 g as W.8.2 Fill the container with reagent water and

17、place lid oncontainer.8.3 Wipe off excess water and weigh the container and lid tothe nearest 0.01 g. Record weight of water-filled container as R.8.4 Empty the container and dry before filling with sample.9. Group A Free-Flowing Liquids9.1 Fill the calibrated weighing container (see 6.1) withsample

18、.NOTE 1Significant temperature variations (for example, 10 C) be-tween the waste sample and ambient conditions may alter the density ofthe waste sample and lead to lower measured result for apparent specificgravity.9.2 Place the lid on the container, pushing out excess samplethrough the hole. Wipe o

19、ff excess sample.9.3 Weigh the sample-filled container with lid on to thenearest 0.01 g, and record weight as S.10. Group B Granules, Powders, and Water-ReactiveWastes10.1 Fill the calibrated weighing container (see 6.1) with asmuch sample as possible without exerting pressure on thecontainer or all

20、owing large void spaces. The container may betapped or lightly tamped to facilitate filling.NOTE 2Large, obvious void spaces reduce the weight of the sampleand decrease the measured bulk density of the sample.10.2 Place the lid on the container and weigh the sample andbottle to the nearest 0.01 g. R

21、ecord the weight as S.11. Group C Bulk Solids11.1 Fill the calibrated weighing container (see 6.1) with asmuch sample as possible without exerting pressure on thecontainer.11.2 Place the lid on the container and weigh the container,waste, and lid to the nearest 0.01 g. Record the weight as S.11.3 Fi

22、ll remaining space in the container with water, takingcare that air bubbles are not trapped in the material or thecontainer. Place the lid on the container.11.4 Weigh the container, waste, water, and lid to the nearest0.01 g and record the weight as Q.12. Calculation12.1 Calculate the apparent speci

23、fic gravity (ASG) or bulkdensity (BD) from the following equations, matching theappropriate equation with the procedure of choice for eachgroup.12.1.1 For Group A materials:ASG 5S 2 W!R 2 W!(1)where:W = weight of empty container (with lid),R = weight of water-filled container (with lid), andS = weig

24、ht of sample-filled container (with lid).12.1.2 For Group B materials:Bulk Density g/mL! 5 Y!S 2 W!R 2 W!(2)whereW = weight of empty container (with lid),R = weight of water-filled container (with lid),S = weight of sample-filled container (with lid), andY = 1 g/mL, the conversion of mass/volume at

25、4 C.12.1.3 For Group C materials:ASG 5S 2 W!R 2 W! 2 Q 2 S!(3)whereW = weight of empty container (with lid),R = weight of water-filled container (with lid),S = weight of sample-filled container (with lid), andQ = weight of sample and water-filled container.NOTE 3The quantity QS may be erroneously hi

26、gh due to the waterabsorbed by the solid sample.13. Report13.1 Report at a minimum the following information:13.1.1 Sample identification and group (A, B, or C),13.1.2 Date of test,13.1.3 Procedure applied, and13.1.4 Test results.14. Precision and Bias14.1 The precision and bias have not been determ

27、ined dueto the variability of the sample matrix.15. Keywords15.1 density; specific gravity; waste screeningD5057 172ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly a

28、dvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eith

29、er reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.

30、 If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Indi

31、vidual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 173