ASTM D975 - 17 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils.pdf

1、Designation: D975 17Standard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates t

2、he year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oilssuitable for various ty

3、pes of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21.1.2 Grade No. 1-D

4、S500Aspecial-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000A special-purpose, lightmiddle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine a

5、pplicationsrequiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and highervolatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middle dis-tillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suita

6、ble for usein applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitablefor use in applications with conditions of varying spee

7、d andload.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditionsof varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend ofdistillate and residual oil, f

8、or use in low- and medium-speeddiesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-stant speed and load.NOTE 1A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils isgiven in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish gradesby sulfur rather than using words such a

9、s “Low Sulfur” as previouslybecause the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptionswere thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 gradescorrespond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades

10、 were not inthe previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-LowSulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes therequired properties of diesel fuels at the time and place ofdelivery.1.2.1 Noth

11、ing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which can be morerestrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the subject, see Guide D4865.

12、1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDev

13、elopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products

14、 and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and MarineFuels.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Ori

15、ginallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D975 16a. DOI:10.1520/D0975-17.2This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from NewMotor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway DieselFuel Sulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation

16、 of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 andLater Calendar Years.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to t

17、he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Poin

18、t by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquid

19、s (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1319 Test Method for Hydroc

20、arbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHigh Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detec-tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Met

21、hod (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Me

22、thods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Metho

23、d for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels (Withdrawn 2010)4D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetr

24、oleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308

25、Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricit

26、y in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate FuelStorage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Metho

27、d for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Optical Detection Stepped CoolingMethod)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Constant Cooling Rate Method)D

28、5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)D6079 Tes

29、t Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou

30、-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Dieseland Heating FuelsD6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability ofMiddle Distillate FuelsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B10

31、0)for Middle Distillate FuelsD6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay andDerived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity byan Injection Pump RigD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diese

32、l Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)D7094 Test Method f

33、or Flash Point by Modified Continu-ously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injec-tion Period, Constant Volume Combustion ChamberMethod4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.as

34、tm.org.D975 172D7220 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, andJet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescence SpectrometryD7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distil-lation Method)D7371 Test Method for Determi

35、nation of Biodiesel (FattyAcid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend(B6 to B20)D7545 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Dis-tillate FuelsRapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT

36、)D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles inLight and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic ParticleCounterD7668 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsIgnition Delay andCombustion Delay Using a Constant Volume CombustionChamber MethodD7688 Test Met

37、hod for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) byVisual ObservationD7689 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)D7861 Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid MethylEsters (FAME) in Diesel Fuel by Linear Variable

38、Filter(LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared SpectroscopyE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise

39、 Taxes540 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives5API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out ofStatic, Lightning, and Stray Currents6EN 14078 Liquid petroleum productsDetermination offatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in middle distillatesInfrared spectroscopy method7EN 15751 Autom

40、otive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determinationof oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method7ISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod forCoding the Level of Contamination by Solid Particles6ISO 16889 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFiltersMulti-passMethod

41、 for Evaluating Filtration Performance of a FilterElement3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, nin fuel oils, a substance added to fuel oilat a blend level not greater than1%byvolume of the finishedfuel.3.1.1.1 DiscussionAdditives are generally included in fin-ished fuel oil to enhance perfo

42、rmance properties (for example,cetane number, lubricity, cold flow, etc.).3.1.1.2 DiscussionAdditives that contain hydrocarbon oilblended with other substances may exclude the hydrocarbon oilportion for determination of the volume percent of the additivein the finished fuel.3.1.2 alternative blendst

43、ock, nin fuel oils, a non-hydrocarbon oil substance added to fuel oil at blend levelsgreater than1%byvolume of the finished fuel.3.1.2.1 DiscussionAn alternative blendstock should nor-mally have an industry consensus standard or an annex in thisspecification that defines its physical and chemical pr

44、operties.3.1.2.2 DiscussionSee Appendix X7 for guidance regard-ing new materials for #1-D and #2-D grades of diesel fuels.3.1.3 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.4 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of b

45、iodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XX rep-resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.5 hydrocarbon oil, na homogeneous mixture withelemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen thatmay also contain sulfur, oxygen, or nitr

46、ogen from residualimpurities and contaminants associated with the fuels rawmaterials and manufacturing processes and excluding addedoxygenated materials.3.1.5.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro emulsions areincluded in this definition since neither are homogeneousmixtures.3.1.5.2 DiscussionExamples

47、 of excluded oxygenated ma-terials are alcohols, esters, ethers, and triglycerides.3.1.5.3 DiscussionThe hydrocarbon oil may be manufac-tured from a variety of raw materials, for example petroleum(crude oil), oil sands, natural gas, coal, and biomass. AppendixX7 discusses some matters for considerat

48、ion regarding the useof diesel fuels from feedstocks other than petroleum.3.1.6 switch loading, nof liquid fuels, the practice ofloading low vapor pressure product (for example, diesel fuel)into an empty or near-empty fixed or portable container thatpreviously held a high or intermediate vapor press

49、ure product(such as gasoline or solvent) without prior compartmentcleaning treatment and inert gas purging; and the reverseprocedure where a high vapor pressure product is added to acontainer that previously held a low vapor pressure product.3.1.6.1 DiscussionSince middle distillate fuels have flashpoints above 38 C, during normal distribution of these fuels,the atmosphere above the fuels in a container such as a tankertruck, rail car, or barge, is normally below the lower explosivelimit, so there is low risk of fire or explosion should anelectr