ASTM D975 - 17a Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils.pdf

1、Designation: D975 17aStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates

2、the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oilssuitable for various t

3、ypes of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21.1.2 Grade No. 1-D

4、 S500Aspecial-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000A special-purpose, lightmiddle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine

5、applicationsrequiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and highervolatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middle dis-tillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suit

6、able for usein applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitablefor use in applications with conditions of varying spe

7、ed andload.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditionsof varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend ofdistillate and residual oil,

8、for use in low- and medium-speeddiesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-stant speed and load.NOTE 1A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils isgiven in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish gradesby sulfur rather than using words such

9、as “Low Sulfur” as previouslybecause the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptionswere thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 gradescorrespond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grade

10、s were not inthe previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-LowSulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes therequired properties of diesel fuels at the time and place ofdelivery.1.2.1 Not

11、hing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which can be morerestrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the subject, see Guide D4865

12、.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDe

13、velopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Product

14、s and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and MarineFuels.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 20

15、18. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D975 17. DOI:10.1520/D0975-17A.2This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from NewMotor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway DieselFuel Sulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Reg

16、ulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 andLater Calendar Years.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, ref

17、er to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Fla

18、sh Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque

19、 Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1319 Test Method for

20、 Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHigh Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detec-tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrif

21、uge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624

22、Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Tes

23、t Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels (Withdrawn 2010)4D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum

24、andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace Contaminatio

25、nD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec

26、-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate FuelStorage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Tes

27、t Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Optical Detection Stepped CoolingMethod)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Constant Cooling Rate M

28、ethod)D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)D6

29、079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives

30、 by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Dieseland Heating FuelsD6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability ofMiddle Distillate FuelsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Sto

31、ck (B100)for Middle Distillate FuelsD6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay andDerived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity byan Injection Pump RigD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline

32、, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)D7094 Test M

33、ethod for Flash Point by Modified Continu-ously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injec-tion Period, Constant Volume Combustion ChamberMethod4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced o

34、nwww.astm.org.D975 17a2D7220 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, andJet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescence SpectrometryD7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distil-lation Method)D7371 Test Method for

35、 Determination of Biodiesel (FattyAcid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using MidInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend(B6 to B20)D7545 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Dis-tillate FuelsRapid Small Scale Oxidation Tes

36、t (RSSOT)D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles inLight and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic ParticleCounterD7668 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsIgnition Delay andCombustion Delay Using a Constant Volume CombustionChamber MethodD7683

37、Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Small Test Jar Method)D7688 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) byVisual ObservationD7689 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)D

38、7861 Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid MethylEsters (FAME) in Diesel Fuel by Linear Variable Filter(LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared SpectroscopyE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by

39、Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes540 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives5API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out ofStatic, Lightning, and Stray Currents6EN 14078 Liquid petroleum productsDetermina

40、tion offatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in middle distillatesInfrared spectroscopy method7EN 15751 Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determinationof oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method7ISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod forCodi

41、ng the Level of Contamination by Solid Particles6ISO 16889 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFiltersMulti-passMethod for Evaluating Filtration Performance of a FilterElement3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, nin fuel oils, a substance added to fuel oilat a blend level not greater than1%byvolume of the

42、 finishedfuel.3.1.1.1 DiscussionAdditives are generally included in fin-ished fuel oil to enhance performance properties (for example,cetane number, lubricity, cold flow, etc.).3.1.1.2 DiscussionAdditives that contain hydrocarbon oilblended with other substances may exclude the hydrocarbon oilportio

43、n for determination of the volume percent of the additivein the finished fuel.3.1.2 alternative blendstock, nin fuel oils, a non-hydrocarbon oil substance added to fuel oil at blend levelsgreater than1%byvolume of the finished fuel.3.1.2.1 DiscussionAn alternative blendstock should nor-mally have an

44、 industry consensus standard or an annex in thisspecification that defines its physical and chemical properties.3.1.2.2 DiscussionSee Appendix X7 for guidance regard-ing new materials for #1-D and #2-D grades of diesel fuels.3.1.3 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty ac

45、ids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.4 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XX rep-resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.5 hydrocarbon oil, na homogeneous mixture

46、withelemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen thatmay also contain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen from residualimpurities and contaminants associated with the fuels rawmaterials and manufacturing processes and excluding addedoxygenated materials.3.1.5.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro em

47、ulsions areincluded in this definition since neither are homogeneousmixtures.3.1.5.2 DiscussionExamples of excluded oxygenated ma-terials are alcohols, esters, ethers, and triglycerides.3.1.5.3 DiscussionThe hydrocarbon oil may be manufac-tured from a variety of raw materials, for example petroleum(

48、crude oil), oil sands, natural gas, coal, and biomass. AppendixX7 discusses some matters for consideration regarding the useof diesel fuels from feedstocks other than petroleum.3.1.6 switch loading, nof liquid fuels, the practice ofloading low vapor pressure product (for example, diesel fuel)into an

49、 empty or near-empty fixed or portable container thatpreviously held a high or intermediate vapor pressure product(such as gasoline or solvent) without prior compartmentcleaning treatment and inert gas purging; and the reverseprocedure where a high vapor pressure product is added to acontainer that previously held a low vapor pressure product.3.1.6.1 DiscussionSince middle distillate fuels have flashpoints above 38 C, during normal distribution of these fuels,the atmosphere above the fuels in a container such as a tankertruck, rail car, or barge