IEEE C37.015-2009 Guide for the Application of Shunt Reactor Switching.pdf

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2、g54g90g76g87g70g75g76g81g74g44g40g40g40g3g51g82g90g72g85g3g9g3g40g81g72g85g74g92g3g54g82g70g76g72g87g92g3g54g83g82g81g86g82g85g72g71g3g69g92g3g87g75g72g54g90g76g87g70g75g74g72g68g85g3g38g82g80g80g76g87g87g72g72g44g40g40g40g22g3g51g68g85g78g3g36g89g72g81g88g72g3g49g72g90g3g60g82g85g78g15g3g49g60g3g20

3、g19g19g20g25g16g24g28g28g26g15g3g56g54g36g3g3g20g21g3g41g72g69g85g88g68g85g92g3g21g19g20g19g38g22g26g17g19g20g24g55g48IEEE Std C37.015TM-2009 (Revision of IEEE Std C37.015TM-1993) IEEE Guide for the Application of Shunt Reactor Switching Sponsor Switchgear Committee of the IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400

4、. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.015TM-2009, IEEE Guide for the Application

5、of Shunt Reactor Switching. The subject of shunt reactor switching is complex. The approach taken in the main text of the guide is to present a basic method for the application of circuit breakers for the purpose, which considers only load side circuit characteristics. The method is conservative and

6、 will be adequate in many instances. However, by reference to a series of notes, the general case (which incorporates the influence of the source side characteristics and the parallel capacitance of the circuit breaker) is presented. The user of this application guide is encouraged to exercise due d

7、iscretion in the choice of the basic or general method for the application under consideration. Consideration should, in addition, be given to the magnetic effects associated with air core shunt reactors. This standard is a revision of IEEE Std C37.015TM-1993. Listed as follows, for information and

8、guidance, are the substantive changes: The terms “medium voltage” (MV), “high voltage” (HV), and “extra high voltage” (EHV) have been replaced by a voltage range. Subclause 5.2.2 (gapped surge arresters) of the 1993 edition has been moved to an annex (Annex H). A list of symbols has been added (Anne

9、x G). Some of the figures have been redrawn. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the stan

10、dard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyr

11、ighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available f

12、or use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from

13、time to time through the issuance of amendments, v Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance

14、of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amend

15、ed through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards developmen

16、t process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpreta

17、tions Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no

18、position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determinin

19、g whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of

20、 infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was completed, the Revision of C37.015 Working Group had the following members

21、hip: Anne Bosma, Chair Kenneth Edwards, Vice Chair Mauricio Aristizabal W.J. (Bill) Bergman Frank C. Blalock John Brunke Chih C. Chow Patrick J. Di Lillo Randall L. Dotson Denis L. Dufournet David E. Galcia Alan Kollar Stephen R. Lambert Hua Y. Liu R. William Long Antonio Mannarino Georges F. Montil

22、let Yasin I. Musa Jeffrey H. Nelson Thomas Pellerito Devki N. Sharma The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Michael Anderson Mauricio Aristizabal Ali Al Awazi G. Bartok W.

23、J. (Bill) Bergman Stan Billings Frank C. Blalock Anne Bosma Steven Brockschink Chris Brooks Ted Burse William Byrd Chih C. Chow Alireza Daneshpooy Randall L. Dotson Denis L. Dufournet Kenneth Edwards Gary Engmann C. Erven Marcel Fortin James Graham Keith Gray Randall Groves Helmut Heiermeier Gary He

24、uston Andrew Jones John Kay Gael Kennedy Tanuj Khandelwal J. Koepfinger David Krause Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu Carl Kurinko Chung-Yiu Lam Stephen R. Lambert Hua Y. Liu Albert Livshitz Federico Lopez G. Luri Nigel Mcquin Steven Meiners Peter Meyer Gary Michel Georges F. Montillet Jerry Murphy Yasin

25、I. Musa Jeffrey H. Nelson Michael S. Newman T. Olsen Bruce Pickett Iulian Profir Michael Roberts Charles Rogers Joseph R. Rostron Thomas Rozek Bartien Sayogo Devki N. Sharma Gil Shultz Hyeong Sim James E. Smith R. Kirkland Smith Allan St. Peter Gary Stoedter Norbert Trapp Eric Udren John Vergis Wald

26、emar Von Miller Jialong Wang James Wilson Richard Yorkvii Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 9 December 2009, it had the following membership: Robert M. Grow, Chair Tom A. Prevost, Vice Chair Steve M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman,

27、Secretary John Barr Karen Bartelson Victor Berman Ted Burse Richard DeBlasio Andrew Drozd Mark Epstein Alexander Gelman James Hughes Richard H. Hulett Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Ted Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Narayanan Ramachandran Jon Walter Rosdahl Sa

28、m Sciacca*Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Howard L. Wolfman, TAB Representative Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Lorraine Patsco IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Michael D. Kipn

29、ess IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development viii Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview .1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose .1 2. General application conditions 2 2.1 Maximum voltage for application.2 2.2 Frequency .2 2.3 Shunt reactor load current.2 2.4 Interrup

30、ting time .2 2.5 Transient overvoltages2 2.6 Fault interrupting capability2 2.7 Frequency of operation.3 3. Shunt reactor switching conditions3 3.1 General .3 3.2 Directly grounded reactors .3 3.2.1 Current chopping.5 3.2.2 Reignitions 6 3.2.3 Overvoltages .7 3.2.4 Related phenomena.11 3.3 Ungrounde

31、d reactors.12 3.3.1 Current chopping.12 3.3.2 Chopping and reignition overvoltages 13 3.3.3 Recovery voltage across circuit breaker14 3.3.4 Application14 3.4 Reactors grounded through a neutral reactor 16 3.4.1 Current chopping.16 3.4.2 Chopping and reignition overvoltages 16 3.4.3 Recovery voltage

32、across circuit breaker17 3.4.4 Application17 4. Limitation of overvoltages.18 4.1 General .18 4.2 Shunt reactor surge arrester protection .18 4.3 Circuit breaker auxiliary equipment .20 4.3.1 Opening resistors.20 4.3.2 Metal oxide varistors.20 4.3.3 Controlled opening devices.21 5. Circuit breaker s

33、pecification22 5.1 Dielectric withstand capability .22 5.2 Interrupting current rating.22 5.3 Shunt reactor rating.22 5.4 Shunt reactor current.22 5.5 Load side circuit characteristics22 5.6 Overvoltage limitations 23 5.7 Grounding arrangement23 5.8 Interrupting time .23 5.9 Mechanical endurance 23

34、5.10 Additional information .23 ix Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Annex A (informative) Shunt reactor characteristics 24 Annex B (informative) System and station characteristics26 Annex C (informative) General derivation of chopping and reignition overvoltages due to shunt reactor switchi

35、ng .27 Annex D (informative) Oscillation modes.32 Annex E (informative) Application of laboratory test results to actual shunt reactor installations .35 Annex F (informative) Statistical equations for derivation of chopping and reignition overvoltages.45 Annex G (informative) List of symbols.47 Anne

36、x H (informative) Overvoltage limitation by means of gapped surge arresters 49 Annex I (informative) Informative documents51 1 Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for the Application of Shunt Reactor Switching IMPORTANT NOTICE: This guide is not intended to ensure safety, security,

37、health, or environmental protection in all circumstances. Implementers of the guide are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal discla

38、imers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/di

39、sclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This application guide applies to ac high-voltage circuit breakers rated for shunt reactor switching. The guide covers the specific cases of switching directly grounded shunt reactors, ungrounded shunt reactors, and shunt reactors grounded through a neutral reac

40、tor. Directly grounded reactors are common on systems having a voltage of 60 kV and above, whereas ungrounded reactors are commonly applied on systems having a voltage below 60 kV. Schemes where the reactor is grounded through a neutral reactor are usually applied only on systems having a voltage of

41、 60 kV and above. Whereas this application guide is directed toward circuit breakers, it is recognized and accepted that other switching devices such as high-voltage load break switches and circuit switchers are capable of shunt reactor switching and this guide may be applied as appropriate. 1.2 Pur

42、pose This guide is intended for general use in the application of ac high-voltage circuit breakers for shunt reactor current switching. The current to be interrupted is generally less than 300 A rms; however, shunt reactor switching imposes a unique and severe duty on the connected system and the ci

43、rcuit breaker. Successful interruption is the result of a complex interaction between the circuit breaker and the circuit; this interaction can result in significant overvoltages. The purpose of the guide is to describe, principally for the benefit of the user, the shunt IEEE Std C37.015-2009 IEEE G

44、uide for the Application of Shunt Reactor Switching 2 Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. reactor switching duty, the overvoltages generated, and the control of those overvoltages. The guide further details the specification of circuit breakers and procedures to predict field performance based

45、 on test data. 2. General application conditions 2.1 Maximum voltage for application The continuous operating voltage should not exceed the rated maximum voltage for the circuit breaker. 2.2 Frequency The rated power system frequency (fr) is 50 Hz or 60 Hz. 2.3 Shunt reactor load current The capabil

46、ity of circuit breakers to interrupt inductive currents is generally not a concern. The circuit breaker typically will interrupt the current at the first current zero after contact parting but may not be immediately capable of withstanding the high magnitude recovery voltages that can then appear ac

47、ross the contacts. This can result in a reignition followed by an additional loop of rated frequency current and successful interruption. Refer to 2.5. 2.4 Interrupting time The interrupting time of a circuit breaker is the interval between energization of the trip coil and the interruption of the c

48、urrent in all poles on an opening operation. Refer to 2.3 and 5.8. 2.5 Transient overvoltages An important consideration for application of circuit breakers for shunt reactor current switching is the transient overvoltages generated on interruption of the current and by subsequent reignitions. Refer

49、 to Clause 3. 2.6 Fault interrupting capability Fault interrupting capability may not be required for all shunt reactor switching applications. If fault interrupting capability is not a requirement, the short-time current rating of the circuit breaker should equal the fault level applicable to the shunt reactor location. IEEE Std C37.015-2009 IEEE Guide for the Application of Shunt Reactor Switching 3 Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2.7 Frequency of operation Shunt reactors are switched frequently, often daily, to control and compensate for changes in s