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IEEE C57.93-2007 Guide for Installation and Maintenance of Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers.pdf

1、IEEE Std C57.93-2007(Revision of IEEE Std C57.93-1995)IEEE Guide for Installation andMaintenance of Liquid-ImmersedPower Transformers IEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA31 March 2008IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theTransformers Committee C57.93TMIEEE Std C57.93-2007 (Revision

2、 of IEEE Std C57.93-1995) IEEE Guide for Installation and Maintenance of Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers Sponsor Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 5 December 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This guide provides guidance and recommended practices on the in

3、stallation and maintenance of liquid-immersed power transformers rated 501 kVA and above with secondary voltages of 1000 V and above. This guide covers the entire range of power transformers, including extra high-voltage (EHV) transformers. This guide does not cover special transformers such as furn

4、ace transformers, rectifier transformers, etc. Distinctions are made as required for various MVA ratings, voltage ratings, and types of liquid insulation. Keywords: installation, liquid-immersed transformer, maintenance, oil-filled transformer, oil processing, testing, transformer _ The Institute of

5、 Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 31 March 2008. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Pate

6、nt and Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated. PDF: ISBN 978-0-7381-5384-1 STD95765 Print: ISBN 978-0-7381-5385-8 STDPD95765 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the

7、prior written permission of the publisher. IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensus development process, approved by the

8、American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to p

9、romote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its standards. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The IEEE disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other dama

10、ge, of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this, or any other IEEE Standard document. The IEEE does not warrant or represent the accuracy or content of the material contained

11、 herein, and expressly disclaims any express or implied warranty, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose, or that the use of the material contained herein is free from patent infringement. IEEE Standards documents are supplied “AS IS.” The existence of an

12、 IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about

13、 through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a document is more than five years old and has not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to conclude th

14、at its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard. In publishing and making this document available, the IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional

15、or other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity. Nor is the IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing this, and any other IEEE Standards document, should rely upon the advice of a competent professional in determining the ex

16、ercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to

17、 prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committe

18、es are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his

19、or her views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position, explanation, or interpretation of the IEEE. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes

20、in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to: Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA Authorization to photocopy portions

21、 of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. To arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Se

22、rvice, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.93-2007, IEEE Guide for

23、 Installation and Maintenance of Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers. Power transformers usually represent one of the most important and most costly single items in substations. Furthermore, particularly for large transformers, their failure usually results in lengthy outages or downgrading of servic

24、e. For these reasons, a high degree of care is required to properly install and maintain them. Because of these considerations, IEEE and other standards-developing organizations have published, since at least the early 1920s, various recommendations for testing, installing, and maintaining transform

25、ers. This guide consolidates and replaces IEEE Std C57.12.11-1980 and IEEE Std C57.12.12-1980, which cover large transformers, and ASA C57.93-1958, which covers smaller units. The intention of this guide is to assist users and manufacturers in the shipping, handling, inspection, installation, and ma

26、intenance of liquid-immersed power transformers and to assure that the units are placed in service in acceptable condition to provide years of reliable service. This guide also provides information on developing a maintenance and monitoring program. NOTEThe manufacturer may specify more stringent re

27、quirements than this guide. For transformer warranty validation and other reasons, the manufacturers guidelines should be followed. This guide discusses the following two sizes of transformers: 501 kVA to 10 MVA, or with primary windings less than 69 kV 10 MVA and above, or with high-voltage winding

28、s of 69 kV and above The working group of this guide recognizes that substantial variations exist among transformer manufacturers on certain aspects of transformer installation requirements and that these vary with size and voltage. This guide attempts to accommodate these variations and facilitate

29、a full understanding between manufacturer and user. Generally, the user must conform to the manufacturers minimum recommendations in order to obtain a proper warranty. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with th

30、e provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not

31、in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private se

32、lf-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. iv Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Updat

33、ing of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of t

34、he current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association

35、 website at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA website at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this a

36、nd all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading

37、/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection there

38、with. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of As

39、surance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtai

40、ned from the IEEE Standards Association. Participants At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Installation Guide Working Group had the following membership: Mike Lau, Chair Peter Balma, Secretary R. Ahuja D. Allan J. Arteaga D. Baranowski W. Bartley W. B

41、ergman E. Betancourt G. Blackburn W. Chiu D. Chu W. Darovny E. Davis D. De La Cruz D. Dohnal M. Ferreira N. Field J. Foldi J. Fyvie R. Ganser A. Garnitschnig E. Garcia D. Goodwin H. Gianakouros E. G. Hager W. Hansen T. Harbaugh W. Henning v Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. M. Horning M. Jar

42、oszewski J. Kelly D. Kendrick J. Lackey T. Lundquist J. Mathews J. Mclver S. McNelly H. Moore K. Newman R. Nicholas P. Payne-Powell D. Perco M. Perkins A. Peterson P. Pillitteri L. Plaster D. Platts G. Preininger T. Prevost S. Reed M. Rivers S. Schappell E. Schweiger H. Shertukde D. Sharma J. Sim P.

43、 Singh B. Sparling T. Spitzer C. Stiegemeier M. Thaden R. Von Gemmingen J. Watson K. Yule P. Zhao The following members of the balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Paul R.Ahrens Steven Alexanderson Stan Arnot

44、Gary Arntson Javier Arteaga Ali Al Awazi Peter Balma David Barnard Barry Beaster W. J. Bill Bergman Steven Bezner Wallace Binder Thomas Bishop Thomas Blackburn Thomas Blair William Bloethe W. Boettger Steven Brockschink Kent Brown Steven Brown William Byrd Antonio Cardoso Thomas Carpenter James Case

45、 Donald Cash Weijen Chen Tommy Cooper Alan Darwin Dieter Dohnal Randall Dotson Donald Dunn Fred Elliott Gary Engmann James Fairris Donald Fallon Joseph Foldi Bruce Forsyth Marcel Fortin James Gardner Saurabh Ghosh James Graham Randall Groves Robert L. Grunert Ajit Gwal Kenneth Hanus Thomas C. Harbau

46、gh J. Harlow Robert Hartgrove Gary Heuston David Horvath James Huddleston R. Jackson Clark Jacobson Wayne Johnson James Jones Lars Juhlin Joseph Kelly Gael Kennedy Sheldon Kennedy Joseph L. Koepfinger Stanley Kostyal Neil Kranich Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu John Lackey Chung-Yiu Lam Stephen Lambert T

47、homas La Rose Michael Lau Gerald Lee Thomas Lundquist Keith N. Malmedal J. Dennis Marlow John W. Matthews Omar Mazzoni William McBride Joseph Melanson Jose Mendes Gary Michel Daniel Mulkey Jerry Murphy R. Musil Paul Myers Arthur Neubauer Michael S. Newman Joe Nims Lorraine Padden J. Patton Paul Pill

48、itteri Donald Platts Alvaro Portillo Gustav Preininger Tom Prevost Iulian Profir Jeffrey Ray Johannes Rickmann Michael Roberts Charles Rogers Oleg Roizman John Rossetti Marnie Roussell Thomas Rozek Dinesh Pranathy Sankarakurup Devki Sharma Hyeong Sim Tarkeshwar Singh James E. Smith Steve Snyder John

49、 Spare Brian D. Sparling Malcolm Thaden S. Thamilarasan T. Traub Michael Tucker Loren Wagenaar David Wallach Barry Ward Joe D. Watson William Wessman Kenneth White James Wilson Roland Youngberg Donald Zipse Ahmed Zobaa vi Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 5 December 2007, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Richard DeBlasio Alex Gelman William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Joanna N. Guenin

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