2010年--2018年历年考研英语二真题及解析.pdf

1、 2010 考研 英语 二真 题及 答 案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points) The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declare

2、d a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_1_ by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert _2_an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_3_in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewher

3、e. But the epidemic is “_4_“ in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organizations director general, _5_ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _6_ of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global_7_in late April 2009, when M

4、exican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_8_healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _9_in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_10_

5、warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _11_flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_12_tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_13_more than one million people, and caused more than 600

6、deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials_14_Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_15_orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is _16_ ahead of expectations. More than three

7、 million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _17_doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_18_for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _19_. But it was still possible to vaccinate pe

8、ople in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _20_infants and healthy young people. 1 A criticized B appointed Ccommented D designated 2 A proceeded B activated C followed D prompted 3 A digits B numbers C amounts D sums 4 A moderate B normal C unusual D extreme 5 A with B in C from D b

9、y 6 A progress B absence C presence D favor 7 A reality B phenomenon C concept D notice 8. Aover B for C among D to 9 A stay up B crop up C fill up D cover up 10 A as B if C unless D until 11 A excessive B enormous C significant Dmagnificent 12 Acategories B examples C patterns D samples 13 A impart

10、ed B immerse C injected D infected 14 A released B relayed C relieved D remained 15 A placing B delivering C taking D giving 16 A feasible B available C reliable D applicable 17 A prevalent B principal C innovative D initial 18 A presented B restricted C recommended D introduced 19 A problems B issu

11、es C agonies D sufferings 20 A involved in B caring for C concerned with D warding off Section Reading comprehension Part A Text1 The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever ，at Sothebys in

12、 London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. The world art market had alrea

13、dy been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market genera

14、tes interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirsts sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the

15、bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sectorfor Chinese contem

16、porary artthey were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the worlds two biggest auction houses, Sothebys and Christies, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the

17、 Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christ

18、ies chief executive, says: Im pretty confident were at the bottom. What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie

19、s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Dsdeath, debt and divorcestill deliver wor

20、ks of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. 21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as a last victory because _. A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories B. the auctioneer finally got the two

21、pieces at the highest bids C. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis 22.By saying spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable(Line 1-2,Para.3) ，the author suggests that_. A. collectors were no longer actively

22、 involved in art-market auctions B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying 23. Which of the following statements is NOT

23、true? A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008. B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum. C. The market generally went downward in various ways. D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come. 24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

24、 _ A. auction houses favorites B. contemporary trends C. factors promoting artwork circulation D. styles representing impressionists 25. The most appropriate title for this text could be _ A. Fluctuation of Art Prices B. Up-to-date Art Auctions C. Art Market in Decline D. Shifted Interest in Arts Te

25、xt2 I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living rooma womens group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of t

26、he evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, “Shes the talker in our family.“ The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. “Its true,“ he explained. “When I c

27、ome home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversation going, wed spend the whole evening in silence.“ This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking h

28、avoc with marriage. The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book “Divorce Talk“ that most of the women she interviewedbut only a few of the mengave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces

29、. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent ，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation. In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the

30、chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: “He doesnt listen to me.“ “He doesnt talk to me.“ I found as Hacker observed years before th

31、at most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives. In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in

32、 front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk. 26. What is most wives main expectation of their husbands? A. Talking to them. B. Trusting them. C. Supporting their careers. D. Sharing housework. 27. Judging from the context, the phrase wreaking havoc(Line 3,Para.2)most

33、probably means _ . A. generating motivation. B. exerting influence C. causing damage D. creating pressure 28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_ A. men tend to talk more in public than women B. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation C. women attach much importance

34、to communication between couples D. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse 29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text? A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists. B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities. C. Husband and wif

35、e have different expectations from their marriage. D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different. 30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on _ A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk B. a detailed description of the stereotyp

36、ical cartoon C. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S. D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker Text 3 Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors habits among consumers. These habits have helped companies ear

37、n billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues. There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we cant figu

38、re out how to change peoples habits, Dr. Curtis said. We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically. The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to Procter that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no

39、citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the be

40、st surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them. But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states

41、, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice

42、 of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws. The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s

43、 that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries u

44、nrepresentative of women through the 1960s. In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at rando

45、m from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.