The Cipher Challenge.ppt

1、The Cipher Challenge,The team members, alphabetically, were:,Fredrik Almgren,multivac,Gunnar Andersson,Torbjrn Granlund,Lars Ivansson,Staffan Ulfberg,The Cipher Challenge,The order in which the stages were solved is:,Stage 8 October 13, 1999,Stage 1 September 23, 1999,Stage 2 September 24, 1999,Stag

2、e 4 September 26, 1999,Stage 3 October 4, 1999,Stage 7 October 10, 1999,Stage 6 October 12, 1999,Stage 10 October 5, 2000,Stage 9 November 12, 1999,Stage 5 May 15, 2000,Stage 1 - Substitution,A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z,J,G,I,F,E,D,C,B,A,N,M,L,O,K,Y,H,T,P,R,Q,S,V,X,W,U,Z,SMAR

3、TTRUST,OHIQRRQEOR,Stage 1 - CryptoText,BT JPX RMLX PCUV AMLX ICVJP IBTWXVR CI M LMTR PMTN, MTN YVCJX CDXV MWMBTRJ JPX AMTNGXRJBAH UQCT JPX QGMRJXV CI JPX YMGG CI JPX HBTWR QMGMAX; MTN JPX HBTW RMY JPX QMVJ CI JPX PMTN JPMJ YVCJX. JPXT JPX HETWR ACUTJXTMTAX YMR APMTWXN, MTN PBR JPCUWPJR JVCUFGXN PBL,

4、 RC JPMJ JPX SCBTJR CI PBR GCBTR YXVX GCCRXN, MTN PBR HTXXR RLCJX CTX MWMBTRJ MTCJPXV. JPX HBTW AVBXN MGCUN JC FVBTW BT JPX MRJVCGCWXVR, JPX APMGNXMTR, MTN JPX RCCJPRMEXVR. MTN JPX HBTW RQMHX, MTN RMBN JC JPX YBRX LXT CI FMFEGCT, YPCR CXDXV RPMGG VXMN JPBR YVBJBTW, MTN RPCY LX JPX BTJXVQVXJMJBCT JPX

5、VXCI, RPMGG FX AGCJPXN YBJP RAMVGXJ, MTN PMDX M APMBT CI WCGN MFCUJ PBR TXAH, MTN RPMGG FX JPX JPBVN VUGXV BT JPX HBTWNCL. JPXT AMLX BT MGG JPX HBTWR YBRX LXT; FUJ JPXE ACUGN TCJ VXMN JPX YVBJBTW, TCV LMHX HTCYT JC JPX HBTW JPX BTJXVQVXJMJBCT JPXVXCI. JPXT YMR HBTW FXGRPMOOMV WVXMJGE JVCUFGXN, MTN P

6、BR ACUTJXTMTAX YMR APMTWXN BT PBL, MTN PBR GCVNR YXVX MRJCTBRPXN. TCY JPX KUXXT, FE VXMRCT CI JPX YCVNR CI JPX HBTW MTN PBR GCVNR, AMLX BTJC JPX FMTKUXJ PCURX; MTN JPX KUXXT RQMHX MTN RMBN, C HBTW, GBDX ICVXDXV; GXJ TCJ JPE JPCUWPJR JVCUFGX JPXX, TCV GXJ JPE ACUTJXTMTAX FX APMTWXN; JPXVX BR M LMT BT

7、 JPE HBTWNCL, BT YPCL BR JPX RQBVBJ CI JPX PCGE WCNR; MTN BT JPX NMER CI JPE IMJPXV GBWPJ MTN UTNXVRJMTNBTW MTN YBRNCL, GBHX JPX YBRNCL CI JPX WCNR, YMR ICUTN BT PBL; YPCL JPX HBTW TXFUAPMNTXOOMV JPE IMJPXV, JPX HBTW, B RME, JPE IMJPXV, LMNX LMRJXV CI JPX LMWBABMTR, MRJVCGCWXVR, APMGNXMTR, MTN RCCJP

8、RMEXVR; ICVMRLUAP MR MT XZAXGGXTJ RQBVBJ, MTN HTCYGXNWX, MTN UTNXVRJMTNBTW, BTJXVQVXJBTW CI NVXMLR, MTN RPCYBTW CI PMVN RXTJXTAXR, MTN NBRRCGDBTW CI NCUFJR, YXVX ICUTN BT JPX RMLX NMTBXG, YPCL JPX HBTW TMLXN FXGJXRPMOOMV; TCY GXJ NMTBXG FX AMGGXN, MTN PX YBGG RPCY JPX BTJXVQVXJMJBCT. JPX IBVRJ ACNXY

9、CVN BR CJPXGGC.,Frequency Analysis n=1782 32: 284 15.94% Space X 88: 168 9.43% e T 84: 131 7.35% n J 74: 130 7.30% t M 77: 118 6.62% a P 80: 112 6.29% h C 67: 101 5.67% R 82: 91 5.11% B 66: 87 4.88% N 78: 75 4.21% d V 86: 67 3.76%MTN = and JPX = the,Stage 1 - Frequencies and Cribs,Bn the RaLe hoUr A

10、aLe ICVth IBnWeVR CI a LanR hand, and YVCte CDeV aWaBnRt the AandGeRtBAH UQCn the QGaRteV CI the YaGG CI the HBnWR QaGaAe; and the HBnW RaY the QaVt CI the hand that YVCte. then the HEnWR ACUntenanAe YaR AhanWed, and hBR thCUWhtR tVCUFGed hiL, RC that the SCBntR CI hBR GCBnR YeVe GCCRed, and hBR Hne

11、eR RLCte Cne aWaBnRt anCtheV. the HBnW AVBed aGCUd tC FVBnW Bn the aRtVCGCWeVR, the AhaGdeanR, and the RCCthRaEeVR. and the HBnW RQaHe, and RaBd tC the YBRe Len CI FaFEGCn, YhCRCeDeV RhaGG Vead thBR YVBtBnW, and RhCY Le the BnteVQVetatBCn theVeCI, RhaGG Fe AGCthed YBth RAaVGet, and haDe a AhaBn CI W

12、CGd aFCUt hBR neAH, and RhaGG Fe the thBVd VUGeV Bn the HBnWdCL. then AaLe Bn aGG the HBnWR YBRe Len; FUt theE ACUGd nCt Vead the YVBtBnW, nCV LaHe HnCYn tC the HBnW the BnteVQVetatBCn theVeCI. then YaR HBnW FeGRhaOOaV WVeatGE tVCUFGed, and hBR ACUntenanAe YaR AhanWed Bn hBL, and hBR GCVdR YeVe aRtC

13、nBRhed. nCY the KUeen, FE VeaRCn CI the YCVdR CI the HBnW and hBR GCVdR, AaLe BntC the FanKUet hCURe; and the KUeen RQaHe and RaBd, C HBnW, GBDe ICVeDeV; Get nCt thE thCUWhtR tVCUFGe thee, nCV Get thE ACUntenanAe Fe AhanWed; theVe BR a Lan Bn thE HBnWdCL, Bn YhCL BR the RQBVBt CI the hCGE WCdR; and

14、Bn the daER CI thE IatheV GBWht and UndeVRtandBnW and YBRdCL, GBHe the YBRdCL CI the WCdR, YaR ICUnd Bn hBL; YhCL the HBnW neFUAhadneOOaV thE IatheV, the HBnW, B RaE, thE IatheV, Lade LaRteV CI the LaWBABanR, aRtVCGCWeVR, AhaGdeanR, and RCCthRaEeVR; ICVaRLUAh aR an eZAeGGent RQBVBt, and HnCYGedWe, a

15、nd UndeVRtandBnW, BnteVQVetBnW CI dVeaLR, and RhCYBnW CI haVd RentenAeR, and dBRRCGDBnW CI dCUFtR, YeVe ICUnd Bn the RaLe danBeG, YhCL the HBnW naLed FeGteRhaOOaV; nCY Get danBeG Fe AaGGed, and he YBGG RhCY the BnteVQVetatBCn. the IBVRt ACdeYCVd BR CtheGGC.,Take some more C 5.67% o R 5.11% s B 4.88%

16、 i V 3.76% r,Stage 1 - Frequencies and Cribs,in the saLe hoUr AaLe Iorth IinWers oI a Lans hand, and Yrote oDer aWainst the AandGestiAH UQon the QGaster oI the YaGG oI the HinWs QaGaAe; and the HinW saY the Qart oI the hand that Yrote. then the HEnWs AoUntenanAe Yas AhanWed, and his thoUWhts troUFGe

17、d hiL, so that the Soints oI his Goins Yere Goosed, and his Hnees sLote one aWainst another. the HinW Aried aGoUd to FrinW in the astroGoWers, the AhaGdeans, and the soothsaEers. and the HinW sQaHe, and said to the Yise Len oI FaFEGon, YhosoeDer shaGG read this YritinW, and shoY Le the interQretatio

18、n thereoI, shaGG Fe AGothed Yith sAarGet, and haDe a Ahain oI WoGd aFoUt his neAH, and shaGG Fe the third rUGer in the HinWdoL. then AaLe in aGG the HinWs Yise Len; FUt theE AoUGd not read the YritinW, nor LaHe HnoYn to the HinW the interQretation thereoI. then Yas HinW FeGshaOOar WreatGE troUFGed,

19、and his AoUntenanAe Yas AhanWed in hiL, and his Gords Yere astonished. noY the KUeen, FE reason oI the Yords oI the HinW and his Gords, AaLe into the FanKUet hoUse; and the KUeen sQaHe and said, o HinW, GiDe IoreDer; Get not thE thoUWhts troUFGe thee, nor Get thE AoUntenanAe Fe AhanWed; there is a L

20、an in thE HinWdoL, in YhoL is the sQirit oI the hoGE Wods; and in the daEs oI thE Iather GiWht and UnderstandinW and YisdoL, GiHe the YisdoL oI the Wods, Yas IoUnd in hiL; YhoL the HinW neFUAhadneOOar thE Iather, the HinW, i saE, thE Iather, Lade Laster oI the LaWiAians, astroGoWers, AhaGdeans, and

21、soothsaEers; IorasLUAh as an eZAeGGent sQirit, and HnoYGedWe, and UnderstandinW, interQretinW oI dreaLs, and shoYinW oI hard sentenAes, and dissoGDinW oI doUFts, Yere IoUnd in the saLe danieG, YhoL the HinW naLed FeGteshaOOar; noY Get danieG Fe AaGGed, and he YiGG shoY the interQretation. the Iirst

22、AodeYord is otheGGo.,Finish it up G 2.97% l W 2.30% g Y 1.80% w A 1.68% c I 1.57% f L 1.57% m U 1.40% u H 1.35% k F 1.01% b E 0.95% y Q 0.67% p O 0.34% z D 0.34% v K 0.17% q,Stage 1 - Frequencies and Cribs,in the same hour came forth fingers of a mans hand, and wrote over against the candlestick upo

23、n the plaster of the wall of the kings palace; and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote. then the kings countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another. the king cried aloud to bring in the astrologe

24、rs, the chaldeans, and the soothsayers. and the king spake, and said to the wise men of babylon, whosoever shall read this writing, and show me the interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdom. then came i

25、n all the kings wise men; but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof. then was king belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were astonished. now the queen, by reason of the words of the king and his lords, cam

26、e into the banquet house; and the queen spake and said, o king, live forever; let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nor let thy countenance be changed; there is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of thy father light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdo

27、m of the gods, was found in him; whom the king nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, i say, thy father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, chaldeans, and soothsayers; forasmuch as an eZcellent spirit, and knowledge, and understanding, interpreting of dreams, and showing of hard sentences, and

28、 dissolving of doubts, were found in the same daniel, whom the king named belteshazzar; now let daniel be called, and he will show the interpretation. the first codeword is othello.,Stage 1 - Frequencies and Cribs,The first codeword is othello.,Old Testament, Daniel 5:5-12 = 5) In the same hour came

29、 forth fingers of a mans hand, and wrote over against the candlestick upon the plaster of the wall of the kings palace; and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote.6) Then the kings countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled hymm, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his kne

30、es smote one against another.7) The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the chaldeans, and the soothsayers. and the king spake, and said to the wise men of babylon, whosoever shall read this writing, and show me the interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of

31、 gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdom.8) Then came in all the kings wise men; but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof.9) Then was king belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords wer

32、e astonished.10) Now the queen, by reason of the words of the king and his lords, came into the banquet house; and the queen spake and said, o king, live forever; let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nor let thy countenance be changed;11) There is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the hol

33、y gods; and in the days of thy father light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him; whom the king nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, i say, thy father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, chaldeans, and soothsayers;12) Forasmuch as an excellent spirit, a

34、nd knowledge, and understanding, interpreting of dreams, and showing of hard sentences, and dissolving of doubts, were found in the same daniel, whom the king named belteshazzar; now let daniel be called, and he will show the interpretation.,Caesar Encryption,ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ,ABCDEFGHIJKLM

35、NOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR,Shift =7,Othello,smarttrust - ZTHYAAYBZA,Stage2 - Cryptotext,MHILY LZA ZBHL XBPZXBL MVYABUHL HWWPBZ JSHBKPBZ JHLJBZ KPJABT HYJHUBT LZA ULBAYVU,#!/bin/shl= while $#l -lt 26 dotr $lA-Z A-ZA-Z stage2.txtl=.$ldone,Othello,Stage 2 - Possible PTs,MHILY LZA ZBHL XBPZXBL MVYA

36、BUHL HWWPBZ JSHBKPBZ JHLJBZ KPJABT HYJHUBT LZA ULBAYVU NIJMZ MAB ACIM YCQAYCM NWZBCVIM IXXQCA KTICLQCA KIMKCA LQKBCU IZKIVCU MAB VMCBZWV OJKNA NBC BDJN ZDRBZDN OXACDWJN JYYRDB LUJDMRDB LJNLDB MRLCDV JALJWDV NBC WNDCAXW PKLOB OCD CEKO AESCAEO PYBDEXKO KZZSEC MVKENSEC MKOMEC NSMDEW KBMKXEW OCD XOEDBYX

37、 QLMPC PDE DFLP BFTDBFP QZCEFYLP LAATFD NWLFOTFD NLPNFD OTNEFX LCNLYFX PDE YPFECZY RMNQD QEF EGMQ CGUECGQ RADFGZMQ MBBUGE OXMGPUGE OMQOGE PUOFGY MDOMZGY QEF ZQGFDAZ SNORE RFG FHNR DHVFDHR SBEGHANR NCCVHF PYNHQVHF PNRPHF QVPGHZ NEPNAHZ RFG ARHGEBA TOPSF SGH GIOS EIWGEIS TCFHIBOS ODDWIG QZOIRWIG QOSQI

38、G RWQHIA OFQOBIA SGH BSIHFCB UPQTG THI HJPT FJXHFJT UDGIJCPT PEEXJH RAPJSXJH RPTRJH SXRIJB PGRPCJB THI CTJIGDC VQRUH UIJ IKQU GKYIGKU VEHJKDQU QFFYKI SBQKTYKI SQUSKI TYSJKC QHSQDKC UIJ DUKJHED WRSVI VJK JLRV HLZJHLV WFIKLERV RGGZLJ TCRLUZLJ TRVTLJ UZTKLD RITRELD VJK EVLKIFE XSTWJ WKL KMSW IMAKIMW XG

39、JLMFSW SHHAMK UDSMVAMK USWUMK VAULME SJUSFME WKL FWMLJGF YTUXK XLM LNTX JNBLJNX YHKMNGTX TIIBNL VETNWBNL VTXVNL WBVMNF TKVTGNF XLM GXNMKHG ZUVYL YMN MOUY KOCMKOY ZILNOHUY UJJCOM WFUOXCOM WUYWOM XCWNOG ULWUHOG YMN HYONLIH AVWZM ZNO NPVZ LPDNLPZ AJMOPIVZ VKKDPN XGVPYDPN XVZXPN YDXOPH VMXVIPH ZNO IZPOM

40、JI BWXAN AOP OQWA MQEOMQA BKNPQJWA WLLEQO YHWQZEQO YWAYQO ZEYPQI WNYWJQI AOP JAQPNKJ CXYBO BPQ PRXB NRFPNRB CLOQRKXB XMMFRP ZIXRAFRP ZXBZRP AFZQRJ XOZXKRJ BPQ KBRQOLK DYZCP CQR QSYC OSGQOSC DMPRSLYC YNNGSQ AJYSBGSQ AYCASQ BGARSK YPAYLSK CQR LCSRPML EZADQ DRS RTZD PTHRPTD ENQSTMZD ZOOHTR BKZTCHTR BZD

41、BTR CHBSTL ZQBZMTL DRS MDTSQNM FABER EST SUAE QUISQUE FORTUNAE APPIUS CLAUDIUS CAECUS DICTUM ARCANUM EST NEUTRON GBCFS FTU TVBF RVJTRVF GPSUVOBF BQQJVT DMBVEJVT DBFDVT EJDUVN BSDBOVN FTU OFVUSPO HCDGT GUV UWCG SWKUSWG HQTVWPCG CRRKWU ENCWFKWU ECGEWU FKEVWO CTECPWO GUV PGWVTQP IDEHU HVW VXDH TXLVTXH

42、IRUWXQDH DSSLXV FODXGLXV FDHFXV GLFWXP DUFDQXP HVW QHXWURQ JEFIV IWX WYEI UYMWUYI JSVXYREI ETTMYW GPEYHMYW GEIGYW HMGXYQ EVGERYQ IWX RIYXVSR KFGJW JXY XZFJ VZNXVZJ KTWYZSFJ FUUNZX HQFZINZX HFJHZX INHYZR FWHFSZR JXY SJZYWTS LGHKX KYZ YAGK WAOYWAK LUXZATGK GVVOAY IRGAJOAY IGKIAY JOIZAS GXIGTAS KYZ TKA

43、ZXUT,Othello,Stage 2 - Solution,FABER EST SUAE QUISQUE FORTUNAE APPIUS CLAUDIUS CAECUS DICTUM ARCANUM EST NEUTRONShift is 19Faber est suae quisque fortunae. -Appius Claudius Caecus Dictum arcanum est neutron.Each man is the smith of his own fortune. - Appius Claudius Caecus Word secret is “neutron“.

44、,Othello Neutron,Stage 3 - Subst w/ Homophones,IXDVMUFXLFEEFXSOQXYQVXSQTUIXWF*FMXYQVFJ*FXEFQUQXJFPTUFX MX*ISSFLQTUQXMXRPQEUMXUMTUIXYFSSFI*MXKFJF*FMXLQXTIEUVFX EQTEFXSOQXLQ*XVFWMTQTUQXTITXKIJ*FMUQXTQJMVX*QEYQVFQTHMX LFVQUVIXM*XEI*XLQ*XWITLIXEQTHGXJQTUQXSITEFLQVGUQX*GXKIE UVGXEQWQTHGXDGUFXTITXDIEUQXGX

45、KFKQVXSIWQXAVPUFXWGXYQVXEQ JPFVXKFVUPUQXQXSGTIESQTHGX*FXWFQFXSIWYGJTFXDQSFIXEFXGJP UFXSITXRPQEUGXIVGHFITXYFSSFI*CXC*XSCWWFTIXSOQXCXYQTCXYI ESFCX*FXCKVQFXVFUQTPUFXQXKI*UCXTIEUVCXYIYYCXTQ*XWCUUFTI XLQFXVQWFXDCSQWWIXC*FXC*XDI*QXKI*IXEQWYVQXCSRPFEUCTLIX LC*X*CUIXWCTSFTIXUPUUQX*QXEUQ*QXJFCXLQX*C*UVIXYI*I

46、XKQL QCX*CXTIUUQXQX*XTIEUVIXUCTUIXACEEIXSOQXTITXEPVJQCXDPIVX LQ*XWCVFTXEPI*IXSFTRPQXKI*UQXVCSSQEIXQXUCTUIXSCEEIX*IX* PWQXQVZXLFXEIUUIXLZX*ZX*PTZXYIFXSOQXTUVZUFXQVZKZWXTQX*Z *UIXYZEEIRPZTLIXTZYYZVKQXPTZXWITUZJTZXAVPTZXYQVX*ZXLFEU ZTHZXQXYZVKQWFXZ*UZXUZTUIXRPZTUIXKQLPUZXTITXZKQZXZ*SPTZ XTIFXSFXZ*QJVNW

47、WIXQXUIEUIXUIVTIXFTXYFNTUIXSOQXLQX*NXTI KNXUQVVNXPTXUPVAIXTNSRPQXQXYQVSIEEQXLQ*X*QJTIXF*XYVFWIX SNTUIXUVQXKI*UQXF*XDQXJFVBVXSITXUPUUQX*BSRPQXBX*BXRPBVU BX*QKBVX*BXYIYYBXFTXEPEIXQX*BXYVIVBXFVQXFTXJFPXSIWB*UVP FXYFBSRPQFTDFTXSOQX*XWBVXDPXEIYVBXTIFXVFSOFPEIXX*BXYBVI *BXFTXSILFSQXQXQRPBUIV,X 88: 207 18.

48、11% Q 81: 103 9.01% I 73: 89 7.79% F 70: 79 6.91% T 84: 72 6.30% U 85: 70 6.12% * 42: 62 5.42% V 86: 56 4.90% S 83: 42 3.67% E 69: 42 3.67% P 80: 35 3.06% C 67: 30 2.62% Z 90: 30 2.62% Y 89: 30 2.62% W 87: 26 2.27% L 76: 22 1.92% 10: 21 1.84% K 75: 19 1.66% B 66: 19 1.66% J 74: 16 1.40% G 71: 14 1.2

49、2% M 77: 13 1.14% R 82: 11 0.96% D 68: 10 0.87% O 79: 8 0.70% N 78: 7 0.61% H 72: 6 0.52% A 65: 4 0.35%,Othello Neutron,Stage 3 - CT,Othello Neutron,IXDVMUFXLFEEFXSOQXYQVXSQTUIXWF*FMXYQVFJ,Does X start a digram?,What does * do?,Are Trigrams used?,IXDVMUFXLFEEFXSOQXYQVXSQTUIXWF*FMXYQVFJ*FXEFQUQXJFPTU

50、FX MX*ISSFLQTUQXMXRPQEUMXUMTUIXYFSSFI*MXKFJF*FMXLQXTIEUVFX EQTEFXSOQXLQ*XVFWMTQTUQXTITXKIJ*FMUQXTQJMVX*QEYQVFQTHMX LFVQUVIXM*XEI*XLQ*XWITLIXEQTHGXJQTUQXSITEFLQVGUQX*GXKIE UVGXEQWQTHGXDGUFXTITXDIEUQXGXKFKQVXSIWQXAVPUFXWGXYQVXEQ JPFVXKFVUPUQXQXSGTIESQTHGX*FXWFQFXSIWYGJTFXDQSFIXEFXGJP UFXSITXRPQEUGXIVG

51、HFITXYFSSFI*CXC*XSCWWFTIXSOQXCXYQTCXYI ESFCX*FXCKVQFXVFUQTPUFXQXKI*UCXTIEUVCXYIYYCXTQ*XWCUUFTI XLQFXVQWFXDCSQWWIXC*FXC*XDI*QXKI*IXEQWYVQXCSRPFEUCTLIX LC*X*CUIXWCTSFTIXUPUUQX*QXEUQ*QXJFCXLQX*C*UVIXYI*IXKQL QCX*CXTIUUQXQX*XTIEUVIXUCTUIXACEEIXSOQXTITXEPVJQCXDPIVX LQ*XWCVFTXEPI*IXSFTRPQXKI*UQXVCSSQEIXQX

52、UCTUIXSCEEIX*IX* PWQXQVZXLFXEIUUIXLZX*ZX*PTZXYIFXSOQXTUVZUFXQVZKZWXTQX*Z *UIXYZEEIRPZTLIXTZYYZVKQXPTZXWITUZJTZXAVPTZXYQVX*ZXLFEU ZTHZXQXYZVKQWFXZ*UZXUZTUIXRPZTUIXKQLPUZXTITXZKQZXZ*SPTZ XTIFXSFXZ*QJVNWWIXQXUIEUIXUIVTIXFTXYFNTUIXSOQXLQX*NXTI KNXUQVVNXPTXUPVAIXTNSRPQXQXYQVSIEEQXLQ*X*QJTIXF*XYVFWIX SNTUIXUVQXKI*UQXF*XDQXJFVBVXSITXUPUUQX*BSRPQXBX*BXRPBVU BX*QKBVX*BXYIYYBXFTXEPEIXQX*BXYVIVBXFVQXFTXJFPXSIWB*UVP FXYFBSRPQFTDFTXSOQX*XWBVXDPXEIYVBXTIFXVFSOFPEIXX*BXYBVI *BXFTXSILFSQXQXQRPBUIV,