How to Conduct Decent Research Work.ppt

1、1,How to Conduct Decent Research Work,Feng Zheng, Ph.D. Materials Chemistry Central South University,2,Aims,Provide a simple but formal introduction to young researchers the basic strategy employed by peer-reviewed scientists around the world Personal experience home and abroad Suggestions for futur

2、e work Editorial work Itches of translation/interpretation,3,Identify a Project,Literature search (up to now) Introduction (why, what, how, what) Why is/are this/these important What has/have been done How did they do What was/were left (for you) and What do you want to do Theoretical work? Experime

3、ntal work?,4,Title,Proper words for your title好的开头是成功的一半 A good beginning is half done. Be caution when using on, investigation, research and study for title,5,Theory & Experiment Set-up,What do you want to do Improve or against existing theory? Provide more data? Propose novel ideas? How to achieve

4、 your goals Better or reliable theoretical analysis Better or new experimental results Raw materials Equipments Experiment procedure,6,Results,New theoretical analysis (not ease) For most engineering work we need: Chemical composition Structure Mechanical properties Physical properties Etc. In prope

5、r order,7,Analysis or Discussion,How to describe your results How to make comparison with literature Why are your work important What are your contribution to science or engineering What are your conclusions,8,Conclusions,What are your conclusions Theoretical analysis Experimental results Work ongoi

6、ng or suggestions,9,Abstract,What has/have been done Most important results Tune of past was/were, has/have been,10,Acknowledgements,Financial support Help for discussion and theoretical analysis Help of technicians,11,Literature Citation,History of this work Make yours part of the history Later wor

7、k has to cite your paper (important) Style according to instruction for authors of chosen journal,12,Check list,Title (eye-catching) Authors (team work*) Abstract (concise) Introduction (story-telling) Experimental procedure (book-keeping) Results (book-keeping) Discussion (elegance, cross-reference

8、) Conclusion (solid) Acknowledgements (polite) Literature citation (honest),13,Text Layout,Keep it consistent throughout the manuscript. Double line spacing and 12 font is preferred: make it convenient for reviewers to make annotations. Number the pages. Number the lines if the journal requires to d

9、o so.,14,Length of Full Article,“25- 30 pages is the ideal length for a submitted manuscript, including essential data only.” Julian Eastoe, Co-editor, Journal of Colloid and Interface ScienceTitle pageAbstract 1 paragraphIntroduction 1.5-2 manuscript pages (double-spaced, 12pt)Methods 2-4 manuscrip

10、t pagesResults and Discussion 10-12 manuscript pagesConclusions 1-2 manuscript pagesFigures 6-8Tables 1-3References 20-50 items Letters or short communications have a stricter limitation of the length. For example, 3000 words with no more than 5 illustrations.,15,Submission,Where to publish your wor

11、k Impact factor Scientific Community (bulletin, transactions and journals of well-established international or national society) Electrical submission Cover letter Corresponding author,16,Communication to Editors,Acknowledge editorial work Address exactly the questions raised by reviewers Rebuttal w

12、ith sound evidences,17,What Gets You Accepted?,Attention to details Check and double check your work Consider the reviews English must be as good as possible Presentation is important Take your time with revision Acknowledge those who have helped you New, original and previously unpublished Critical

13、ly evaluate your own manuscript Ethical rules must be obeyed Nigel John Cook, Editor-in-Chief, Ore Geology Reviews,18,Suggestions for Students,Lab records (experiment results) Literature reviewing (introduction & discussion) Talk to supervisor (bring copied articles & data) Discussion with other fac

14、ulty/fellow students Write down anything of interest Try to do one paper in one month! This can be done and we have done and can do that in a regular base (once for each student). “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler“. Albert Einstein,19,Samuel Johnson (1709-1784),Your m

15、anuscript is both good and original, but the part that is good is not original and the part that is original is not good. What is written without effort is in general read without pleasure. Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information on it. Curios

16、ity is one of the permanent and certain characteristics of a vigorous mind. Great English author, critic, wrote “Dictionary of the English Language“ 1747-1755, novel “Rasselas“ 1759, 10-volume “Lives of the Poets“ 1779-1781. Next only to William Shakespeare.,20,Good References,Chicago Guides to Writ

17、ing, Editing, and Publishing The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition: CD-ROM for Windows (CD-ROM), June 15, 2007 (Note 1st Edition in 1906) A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 7th Edition: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers, April 15, 2007 The Craft of Resea

18、rch, 2nd edition, March 2003 All by University of Chicago Press,21,Itches of Translation/Interpretation,Idiom, phrase, proverb, saying, slag etc. 信-Meaningful, 达-Loyalty, 雅-Elegance 不懂外语的林纾(琴南)，巴黎茶花女遗事和撒克逊劫后英雄略译笔流畅，对中国文学界影响很大。 向西方介绍中国文化的林语堂, 吾国与吾民于1935年在纽约出版和立即成为畅销书, 被赛珍珠认为是“历来有关中国的著作中最忠实、最巨丽、最完备、最重

19、要的成绩” 。两脚踏东西文化, 一心评宇宙文章。 译毛选、诗、词的人中之龙钱钟书, 管锥编凭记忆默写征引西方千余学者多种语言著作1780多种。,22,翻译-编辑之痒与痛,春风得意马蹄疾 Happy horse runs fast in Spring (?) 师范大学 Normal university (?) 名利双收 To have wild dreams of glory (围城英译) To have wild dreams of gaining both fame and wealth? 一年之计在于春,一日之计在于晨 One hour in the morning is worth t

20、wo in the evening (?) Early bird catches the worm,23,Plagiarism and Data Fabrication,“Plagiarism is the appropriation of another persons ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit, including those obtained through confidential review of others research proposals and manusc

21、ripts.” the Federal Office of Science and Technology Policy, 1999. 剽窃他人和剽窃自己以及数据造假都不行! Automatic text check system underway,24,熟能生巧,Every dog has his/her own days (人不可貌相, 人生终有得意时) Loss face (丢脸) Dare to loss (ones) face (不怕丢脸) Practice makes perfect (熟能生巧) Kills two birds with one stone 一箭双雕, 围魏救赵,

22、名利双收Funny little words: at, in, of, on, up, the etc.,25,班门弄斧-不自量力,关公面前耍大刀 孔夫子面前卖文章 当自己是个人物 Wave axe in front of Master LuBan (?) Pretend to be James Bond (?) To be someone To teach a fish how to swim,谢 谢 大 家 !,26,Personal Experience,Cu out diffusion in Si wafer (UW) F. Zheng and T.G. Stoebe, Low Tem

23、perature Out-Diffusion of Cu from Silicon, Journal of Electrochemical Society 146 (1999) 1238-1240. Nanosized ZnO (CSU) Y. Chen, R.Z. Yu, Q. Shi, J.L. Qin, F. Zheng，Hydrothermal Synthesis of hexagonal ZnO clusters，Materials Letter 61 (2007) 4438-4441. High temperature electrode reactions (CSU) F. Zh

24、eng, Y. Chen, High temperature electrode reactions of Sr and Mg doped LaGaO3 perovskite, J Mater Sci., 43(2008)2058-2065. DOI 10.1007/s10853-007-2423-y B-C-Si-Zr ultra high temperature ceramics (CSU) H.M. Chen, F. Zheng, Z.P. Jin, Thermodynamic Assessment of B-Zr and Si-Zr Binary Systems, Journal of

25、 Alloys and Compounds, accepted Accepted with no change,27,Jokes,Around 2000, MIT students set-up a computer program to automatically generate several artificial research papers and submitted them to both conference and journal editors and those papers went through strict peer-review process and got

26、 published with no doubt at all! Some Science and Nature papers are forged “Half” Science and Nature papers could not be confirmed later (1 year),28,Metallurgy & Ceramic Fuel Cells,中南矿冶学院材料系压加792班 (19791983) Metallurgy (1983-94, China & UK) Metallurgist by trade (BS, 1983) Taught & worked on Metallu

27、rgy (19831992) Metallurgist at Sheffield, UK (19921994) Fuel Cells (1994-2003, USA) AWU Fellow PNNL (19941999, SOFC) LSM cathode, WSU, Master, 1996 LSGM electrolyte, UW, Ph.D., 2000 Director of R&D NEI (0001, PEM/ SOFC) Chief scientist Hydrovolt (0102, SOFC) Visiting scientist LBNL (0203, SOFC) 中南大学材料学院教授 (2003),29,Materials Science Lecture,Physics,Chemistry,Engineering,Mathematics,MSE,MSE,Composition,Structure,Processing,Properties-Performance,谢 谢 大 家 !,