California Air Resources Board (ARB)SAND CAREMISSIONS.ppt

1、California Air Resources Board (ARB)SAND CAR EMISSIONS CERTIFICATIONOctober 24, 2006,2,Major Steps,(New Mfrs.) Register with the U.S. EPA and ARB.Group vehicles into engine/evaporative families.Demonstrate useful life (UL) durability & emissions compliance for each family.Submit Applications to U.S.

2、 EPA and ARB via the Internet.,3,Major Steps (contd),Receive Certificate of Conformity from U.S EPA and Executive Order (EO) from ARB.Produce and label each vehicle according to specifications described in applications.Do not introduce vehicles into commerce in CA until certified with EOs.Receive U.

3、S. EPA and ARB approval for any emissionsrelated production running changes.,4,New MFRs Getting Registered,Register with U.S. EPA as a MFR.ARB issues its Executive Orders (EOs) to the vehicle MFR. A business entity that has complete knowledge and control of the vehicles specifications may certify on

4、 behalf of a MFR.ARB does not issue EOs to importers nor dealers that do not meet the above criteria.,5,New MFRs Getting Registered (contd),Submit to ARB via regular mail a hard copy “Letter of Intent” to certify vehicles in CA.ARB sends the applicant an Excel template to be completed. Contact infor

5、mation, i.e., name, address, phone number, etc. Vehicle type(s) you intend to certify, i.e., sand car, ATV, OFMC U.S. EPAs 3-character mfr.s code Mfr.s name, or business entitys name for which EO is issuedARB assigns unique ARB mfr.s code to enable access to E-Cert & EDMS.,6,Certifying Manufacturers

6、 A sand car must comply with exhaust and evaporative standards. A sand car is certified as a vehicle by testing using either the chassis or optional engine test procedures.Option 1: Sand Car OEM A produces the engine and chassis - A is the certifying MFR carrying all compliance obligations and liabi

7、lities.,7,Certifying Manufacturers (contd) Option 2: Sand Car OEM B buys complete engines from Engine OEM C and builds own chassis- B is the certifying MFR carrying all compliance obligations and liabilities. (Mfr C can support mfr B by providing durability and emission data, AECD and adjustable par

8、ameter info, production running change info and test data, and by implementing any required corrective action for in-use noncompliance.),8,Certifying Manufacturers (contd)Option 3: Engine OEM D has a close business relationship with, and supplies complete engines to, Sand Car OEMs E, F and G- D is t

9、he certifying MFR using the engine test option and carrying all compliance obligations and liabilities. D must include vehicle specifications, and fuel and evaporative systems for sand cars from E, F and G in its application. E, F, and G do not need to recertify.,9,Group Vehicles into Engine/Evapora

10、tive Families,Characteristics of Engine Families Displacement, number of cylinders, cylinder configuration Emission Controls, i.e., catalytic converter number & location Fuel System, i.e., carbureted vs. fuel injected Cooling Mechanism, i.e., liquid vs. airCharacteristics of Evaporative Families Vap

11、or Storage Device design, i.e., canister housing material & working capacity Fuel Tank design, i.e., metal vs. plastic, vented vs. unvented Fuel System, i.e., carbureted vs. fuel injected,10,Demonstrate UL Durability & Emissions Compliance1. a. Durability DemonstrationMfr. proposes a durability test

12、 procedure to demonstrate emissions compliance with the standards for the vehicles useful life (UL) (5 years or 10,000 km.) If the test duration is less than the UL, the mfr. must justify how this duration correlates to real world vehicle usage.,11,Demonstrate UL Durability & Emissions Compliance (c

13、ontd),1. a. Durability DemonstrationItems to describe:Test duration (km or hours) Driving cycle or engine dynamometer cycle Test points & number of tests Recommended minimum of three test points If there is scheduled maintenance during the test cycle, an emission test before and after the maintenanc

14、e must be performed Test fuel(s) (service accumulation & emission tests) Maintenance schedule as given in the owners manual,12,Demonstrate UL Durability & Emissions Compliance (contd),1. b. Test worst case configuration vehicle in engine family, i.e., the configuration which has the greatest probabi

15、lity of exceeding the standards. Highest fuel flow rate Highest test vehicle weight Highest engine speed vs. vehicle speed (N/V) Transmission type, i.e., manual vs. automaticUnscheduled maintenance must be approved by ARB.All test data and projected emissions must be below applicable standard.,13,De

16、monstrate UL Durability & Emissions Compliance (contd),e. Determine UL deterioration factors (DFs)DF = B = projected emissions UL mileage_ _ _ _ _A interpolated emissions last test mileage,B,A,A,A =actual emission last test mileage A=interpolated emission last test mileage B =projected emission UL,1

17、4,Demonstrate UL Durability & Emissions Compliance (contd),2. Certification emission level, all pollutants A x DF standardactual emission last test mileage x DF standard3. Retain test vehicle for possible confirmatory testing at ARB and for testing future production running changes.,15,Adjustable Pa

18、rameters Fuel & Ignition System1. Adjustable parameters (e.g., idle air fuel mixture):Should employ measures approved by ARB to discourage adjustments by owners. Plugs Limiting CapsMust be described in application.2. ARB can specify, for emission testing, any setting within the physical range of adj

19、ustments.,16,Auxiliary Emission Control Devices (AECDs)AECD: Any element of design which senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, manifold vacuum, or any other parameters for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or deactivating the operation of any part of the em

20、ission control system.,17,Auxiliary Emission Control Devices (AECDs) (contd)All AECDs must be described in the application and approved by ARB.Unapproved AECDs may be deemed a defeat device a violation of certification.,18,Submit Certification Documents Via The InternetVehicle specifications and emi

21、ssion data are submitted to the U.S. EPAs VERIFY database.Mfr.s data is automatically forwarded to ARBs Electronic Certification (E-Cert) database.Mfr. submits supporting certification-related documents to ARBs EDMS.,19,Submit Certification Documents Via The Internet (contd)Documents to be submitted

22、 to ARBs EDMS:manufacturers identificationvehicle descriptiontest procedures, e.g., durability, worst-case vehicle selection criteriamaintenance instructionsAECDsadjustable parametersanti-tampering devices for adjustable parametersemissions label designcompliance statements,20,EDMS Training & Contac

23、ts,Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) Training “GOTO” on-line, hands-on, live training Scheduled for Wednesday, Nov. 15, 2006 Contact Ms. Ivonne Guzman-Cicero, On-Road Certification/Audit Section at iguzmancarb.ca.gov For mfr.s information Excel template, contact Ms. Kimberly Pryor, On-Roa

24、d Certification/Audit Section at kpryorarb.ca.gov,21,INTERNET ADDRESSES TO OHRV CERTIFICATION RELATED WEB PAGES (Applicable to Sand Car Certification)The recommended application format for the supporting documents is in the “Recommended Application Format for Certification of Off-highway Motorcycles

25、 and All-terrain Vehicles” jointly developed by ARB and U.S EPA. http:/www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/nonroad/recveh/5-atv-app-doc.pdfThe supporting documents are submitted to ARB via the EDMS To learn about the EDMS, please see this page.http:/www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/dms/dms.htmHere is the U.S. EPAs VERIFY ho

26、me page. https:/cdx.epa.gov/epa_home.aspHere is the ARBs EDMS home page. https:/secure.arb.ca.gov/certdms,22,INTERNET ADDRESSES TO OHRV EMISSIONS REGULATIONS (Applicable to Sand Car Certification)Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles (OHRV) includes off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, off-road u

27、tility vehicles, off-road sport vehicles, sand cars, and electric golf carts. The OHRV regulations are in Title 13, California Code of Regulations (13 CCR), Sections 2410 through 2415. For the current OHRV regulations, from the web page below, click on Search for a Specific Regulatory Section, then

28、for Title enter 13 and for Section enter the individual sections as 2410, 2411, etc. http:/The OHRV regulations reference the “California Exhaust Emissions Standards and Test Procedures for 1997 and later Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines” available here (includes proposed amendments): h

29、ttp:/www.arb.ca.gov/regact/ohrv2006/test.pdfOn July 20, 2006 the OHRV regulations were amended to broaden the vehicle types to include off-road utility vehicles, off-road sport vehicles, and sand cars. Evaporative permeation standards were also set forth for model year 2008 and beyond. The proposed

30、regulations are at: http:/www.arb.ca.gov/regact/ohrv2006/proreg.pdfThe California OHRV regulations heavily reference the U.S. EPAs regulations in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 86, Subparts E and F. These regulations are available from the U.S. EPAs Highway Motorcycle Information Page.h

31、ttp:/www.epa.gov/otaq/roadbike.htmAlso referenced are the U.S. EPAs regulations in Subparts B, C, F, and I as they apply to nonroad recreational vehicle regulations. http:/www.epa.gov/otaq/recveh.htmExcluding off-road motorcycle manufacturers, manufacturers who choose to certify to the engine dynamometer-based emission standards can find the Small Off-Road Engine (SORE) regulations and test procedures here: http:/www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/sore/sore.htm,