1、翻译专题,祈使句,祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。 Keep off the grass!勿踩草地!Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里,二.祈使句的肯定句式,祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型: 1.行为动词原形其它成分。例如: Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。 2. Be动词其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如: Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 3. Let宾语动词原形其它成分。例如: Let him g
2、o back now.让他现在回去吧。,三.祈使句的否定句式,祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never,一般分为以下四种类型: 1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont,构成Dont行为动词原形其它成分。例如: Dont say that again!别再那样说了! 2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont,构成Dont be其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:Dont be careless.不要粗心。 注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。,3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种 Dont let me go with her tomorr
3、ow. Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。 Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。 4.在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用No名词/V-ing形式结构,表示禁止做某事。例如: NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照!,感叹句,一、感叹句有哪几种格式? 简单地说是“两型七式”:两种句型是以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型,七种格式是 what +( a /an)+ adj. + N+ S +V how + adj./adv+ S +V ho
4、w + adj. + a/ an + N + S+V,What exciting news it is!(what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S + V结构) What good teachers they are!(what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S+V结构) How warmly they are discussing!(how + adv. + S + V结构) How beautiful a picture it is!(how + adj. + a/ an + N + S + V 结构),如何确定使用what还是使用how?,当我们做句型变换或
5、选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how,一般可以这样来确定:位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what,是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + N What a cool bike you are riding!(a cool bike 名词短语) How fast he is riding!(fast 副词) How cool a bike you are riding!(how + adj. + a/ an +N),以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换?,这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的: 1.含有“a/
6、an + adj. + N ”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。 2.名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/ an + adj. + N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。 What an expensive glass he broke! How expensive a glass he broke! How beautiful the birds are! what beautiful birds they are!,在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略?,常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。What a naughty boy!(省略了
7、he is),There be句型的用法,一、构成:There be .句型表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为There be(is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。例如:There are fifty-two students in our class.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.There was an old house by the river five years ago.,各种句式:,否定句:There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。 The
8、re is an orange in her bag. There isnt an orange in her bag. There is no orange in her bag.,There are some oranges in her bag.There arent any oranges in her bag.There are no oranges in her bag.There is some juice in the bottle.There isnt any juice in the bottle.There is no juice in the bottle.,一般疑问句
9、:There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。例如: There is some money in her handbag. Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中,some改为any, something改为anything.),注意事项,1. There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词,或是不可数名词,be动词用“is”“was”。例如: There is a basketball in the box. There is a little
10、milk in the glass. 如果句子的主语是复数名词,be动词就用“are” “were”。例如: There are many birds in the tree. There were many people in the street yesterday. 如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。例如: There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.,There be句型和havehas的区别:There be句型表示 “存在有”, havehas表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如:桌子上有三本书. There are three books on the desk.我有三本书. I have three books.,
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