BS ISO 7176-8-2014 en_1569 Wheelchairs Requirements and test methods for static impact and fatigue strengths《轮椅.静态强度、冲击强度和疲劳强度要求和试验方法》.pdf

1、BS ISO 7176-8:2014 Incorporating corrigendum July 2016 BS ISO 7176-8:2014 Wheelchairs Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 7176-8:2014 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword

2、 This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 7176-8:2014. It supersedes BS ISO 7176-8:1998 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee CH/173, Assistive products for persons with disability, to Subcommittee CH/173/1, Wheelchairs. A list

3、of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standard

4、s Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 95261 6 ICS 11.180.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2014. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publica

5、tion Date Text affected 31 July 2016 Implementation of ISO corrected text 1 September 2015: Subclause 9.7.1 amended ISO 2014 Wheelchairs Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths Fauteuils roulants Partie 8: Prescriptions et mthodes dessai pour la rsistance stati

6、que, la rsistance aux chocs et la rsistance la fatigue INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7176-8 Second edition 2014-12-15 Reference number ISO 7176-8:2014(E) Corrected version 2015-09-01 ISO 7176-8:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014, Published in Switzerland All ri

7、ghts reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from

8、either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org BS ISO 7176-8:2014 ISO 7176-8:2014(E)Foreword v Introducti

9、on vii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Requirements 2 4.1 Strength requirements . 2 4.2 Disclosure requirements 3 5 Test apparatus . 3 6 Preparation of the test wheelchair .13 6.1 Setup and adjustment of the wheelchair .13 6.2 Test dummies 14 6.3 Preparation of wh

10、eelchair14 6.4 Records .14 6.5 Safety during testing .14 7 Sequence of tests .14 8 Test methods for static strength .15 8.1 Principle .15 8.2 Wheelchair preparation .15 8.3 Selection of loading pad .15 8.4 Arm supports: Resistance to downward forces .15 8.5 Foot supports: Resistance to downward forc

11、es .16 8.6 Tipping levers .19 8.7 Handgrips .21 8.8 Arm supports: Resistance to upward forces.22 8.9 Foot supports: Resistance to upward forces 24 8.10 Push handles: Resistance to upward load 27 8.11 Scooter steering handles: Resistance to forward forces 29 8.12 Scooter steering handles: Resistance

12、to rearward forces .30 8.13 Scooter steering handles: Resistance to downward forces .31 8.14 Scooter steering handles: Resistance to upward forces .32 9 Test methods for impact strength .33 9.1 Principle .33 9.2 Wheelchair preparation .33 9.3 Back support: Resistance to impact .33 9.4 Handrim: Resis

13、tance to impact 35 9.5 Castors: Resistance to impact36 9.6 Foot supports: Resistance to impact .38 9.6.1 General.38 9.6.2 Preparation 38 9.6.3 Lateral impact38 9.6.4 Longitudinal impact .40 9.7 Impacts on anti-tip devices .40 9.7.1 Upward impacts on anti-tip devices 40 9.7.2 Forward or rearward impa

14、cts on anti-tip devices .41 9.7.3 Lateral impacts on anti-tip devices .41 10 Fatigue tests 43 10.1 Principle .43 10.2 Preparation of test wheelchair for fatigue tests 43 10.3 Multi-drum test .44 ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page BS ISO 7176-8:2014 ISO 7176-8:2014(E)10.3.1 Test machine s

15、ettings .44 10.3.2 Manual wheelchair tests 44 10.3.3 Preliminary power measurement for electrically powered wheelchairs 44 10.3.4 Electrical wheelchair tests .45 10.4 Drop test 46 10.5 Fatigue test of manually operated parking brakes 48 11 Evaluation of test results .49 11.1 Evaluation and records o

16、f individual tests .49 11.2 Evaluation at end of testing . 49 12 Test report 49 Annex A (informative) Principles applied to derive static test loads 51 Annex B (informative) Design considerations .61 Annex C (informative) Derivation of pendulum swing angle for castor and foot support impact tests .6

17、2 Annex D (informative) Calculation of pendulum centre of percussion .65 Bibliography .67 iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved BS ISO 7176-8:2014 ISO 7176-8:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies)

18、. The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non

19、-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are descri

20、bed in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to

21、 the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the I

22、SO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,

23、as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with a disability, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheel

24、chairs. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7176-8:1998), which has been technically revised. ISO 7176 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchairs: Part 1: Determination of static stability Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electric wh

25、eelchairs Part 3: Determination of the effectiveness of brakes Part 4: Energy consumption of electric wheelchairs and scooters for determination of theoretical distance range Part 5: Determination of dimensions, mass and manoeuvring space Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and dece

26、leration of electric wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths Part 9: Climatic tests for electric wheelchairs Part 10: Determination of obstacle-climbing ability of electrically powered wheelchairs

27、Part 11: Test dummies Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces Part 14: Power and control systems for electrically powered wheelchairs and scooters Requirements and test methods ISO 2014 All rights reserved v BS ISO 7176-8:2014 ISO 7176-8:2014(E) Part 15: Requirements for i

28、nformation disclosure, documentation and labelling Part 16: Resistance to ignition of postural support devices Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use as seats in motor vehicles Part 21: Requirements and test methods for electromagnetic compatibility of electrically powered wheelchairs and scooter

29、s, and battery chargers Part 22: Set-up procedures Part 25: Batteries and chargers for powered wheelchairs Part 26: Vocabulary Part 28: Requirements and test methods for stair-climbing devices A technical report (ISO/TR 13570-1) is also available giving a simplified explanation of these parts of ISO

30、 7176. This corrected version of ISO 7176-8:2014 incorporates the following correction: In 9.7.1, the last sentence of the third paragraph has been amended.vi ISO 2014 All rights reserved BS ISO 7176-8:2014 ISO 7176-8:2014(E) Introduction This part of ISO 7176 has been an important part of the stren

31、gth testing of wheelchairs since its publication in 1998. It contains test methods and sets minimum requirements for static, impact, and fatigue strength of both the overall wheelchair and individually stressed components. Several parts of this International Standard have been reviewed. In particula

32、r: the fatigue testing elements, including the speed and size of slat of the two-drum test machine, and the number of test cycles for both two drum and drop tests have been reviewed through empirical testing and confirmed; the failure criteria have been clarified, and permissible adjustments and rep

33、airs more clearly defined to minimize variation between laboratories; a more precisely defined setup procedure for the reference configuration of adjustable wheelchairs as given in ISO 7176-22; static, impact, and repeated load test procedures for Postural Support Devices (PSDs) have been revised an

34、d are contained in ISO 16840-3. It is anticipated that all parts of this International Standard will continue to be developed and future revisions may include the results of ongoing work in the following areas: consideration of whether the fatigue test requirements should be revised for wheelchairs

35、intended for use in less resourced settings; review of the test methods and apparatus to facilitate testing in less resourced settings; further development of the test dummies to improve the way in which they load the backs of test wheelchairs and, in particular, to improve their suitability for use

36、 with wheelchairs with low back supports. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vii BS ISO 7176-8:2014BS ISO 7176-8:2014 Wheelchairs Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths 1 Scope This part of ISO 7176 specifies requirements for static, impact, and fatigue strength of

37、wheelchairs including scooters. It specifies the test methods for determining whether the requirements have been met. It also specifies requirements for disclosure of the test results. The test methods can also be used to verify the manufacturers claims that a product exceeds the minimum requirement

38、s of this part of ISO 7176. This International Standard applies to occupant- and attendant-propelled manual wheelchairs and electrically powered wheelchairs intended to provide indoor and outdoor mobility for people with disabilities. NOTE 1 For the purposes of this part of ISO 7176, “wheelchair(s)”

39、 is used as an abbreviation for manual wheelchair(s) or electrically powered wheelchair(s), including scooter(s), to which the requirements and test methods are applied. NOTE 2 Clauses of this part of ISO 7176 will be used as a basis for developing requirements and test methods for wheelchairs not c

40、overed by this part of ISO 7176. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referen

41、ced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7176-6, Wheelchairs Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and deceleration of electric wheelchairs ISO 7176-7, Wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions ISO 7176-11, Wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummies ISO 7176-1

42、5, Wheelchairs Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling ISO 7176-22, Wheelchairs Part 22: Set-up procedures ISO 7176-26, Wheelchairs Part 26: Vocabulary 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7176-7, I

43、SO 7176-11, ISO 7176-26, and the following apply. 3.1 fracture unintentional separation (of a component) into two or more pieces INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 7176-8:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 BS ISO 7176-8:2014 ISO 7176-8:2014(E) 3.2 operator adjustable intended to be adjusted, moved, or

44、set up by the operator without the help of tools or with the help of tools if those tools are supplied with the wheelchair 3.3 visible crack break, without complete separation into parts, visible to the naked eye and which has occurred during a test 4 Requirements 4.1 Strength requirements When test

45、ed in accordance with Clauses 8, 9, and 10, a single wheelchair shall meet all the following requirements at the conclusion of the tests. a) No component shall show evidence of visible cracks, be fractured, or have become detached, with the following exceptions. 1) Readjustment of postural supports

46、is allowed after each of the tests in Clauses 8 and 9. 2) Re-tightening, readjusting, or refitting of components that are identified in the operators manual as operator-adjustable components is allowed at 25 % intervals during each of the multi drum, drop, and manual brake fatigue testing procedures

47、 (Clause 10). Operator adjustable components, as identified in the operators manual, may not be adjusted using tools unless the tools are supplied with the wheelchair. If there are operator adjustable components, fatigue test equipment may be stopped at 25 % plus or minus 5 % intervals, to determine

48、 if re-tightening, readjusting, or refitting of operator-adjustable components is required. Re- tightening, readjusting, or refitting shall then be performed, following the procedures outlined in the operators manual. Restart the test equipment after re-tightening, readjusting, or refitting has been

49、 performed. 3) Re-tightening, readjusting, or refitting of any other component is not allowed. 4) During the fatigue testing (Clause 10), the following wear items, if they are identified in the operators manual, may be replaced no more than twice per item: tyres (including solid tyres), inner tubes, drive belts, castor wheel rubber. In the case of castor wheels that are a single integral part, replacement is only permitted because of wear or failure of the running sur