BS ISO 7970-2011 en_2392 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Specification《小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)规范》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 7970:2011 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SpecificationBS ISO 7970:2011 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 7970:2011.

2、 It supersedes BS ISO 7970:2000 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/4, Cereals and pulses. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include a

3、ll the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 66362 8 ICS 67.060 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy a

4、nd Strategy Committee on 31 December 2011. Amendments issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 7970:2011 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Specification Bl tendre (Triticum aestivum L.) Spcifications ISO 2011 Reference number ISO 7970:2011(E) Third edition 2011-11-01 ISO 7970 INTERNATI

5、ONAL STANDARDBS ISO 7970:2011 ISO 7970:2011(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permissi

6、on in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reserved

7、BS ISO 7970:2011 ISO 7970:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Requirements . 3 4.1 General characteristics and sensory properties 3 4.2 Health characteristics 3 4.3 Physical and chemical characteristics

8、 4 5 Sampling 4 6 Test methods 4 Annex A (informative) Indicative list of harmful and toxic seeds 5 Annex B (informative) Unacceptable mites and insect pests of stored cereals 6 Annex C (normative) Determination of impurities . 7 Bibliography .12BS ISO 7970:2011 Foreword ISO (the International Organ

9、ization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establish

10、ed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

11、 International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Pu

12、blication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten

13、t rights. ISO 7970 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 4, Cereals and pulses. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7970:2000), which has been technically revised. ISO 7970:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 7970:2011 INTE

14、RNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7970:2011(E)Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Specification 1 Scope This International Standard establishes minimum specifications for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intended for human consumption and which is the subject of international trade. 2 Normative references The following n

15、ormative documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 712, Cereals and cereal products Determination of moisture conten

16、t Reference method ISO 3093, Wheat, rye and their flours, durum wheat and durum wheat semolina Determination of the falling number according to Hagberg-Perten ISO 6639-3, Cereals and pulses Determination of hidden insect infestation Part 3: Reference method ISO 6639-4, Cereals and pulses Determinati

17、on of hidden insect infestation Part 4: Rapid methods ISO 7971-1, Cereals Determination of bulk density, called mass per hectolitre Part 1: Reference method ISO 7971-3, Cereals Determination of bulk density, called mass per hectolitre Part 3: Routine method ISO 24333, Cereals and cereal products Sam

18、pling 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 impurities all the elements which are conventionally considered as undesirable in a sample or batch of cereals ISO 5527:1995 5 , 1.4 NOTE In wheat, impurities comprise four m

19、ain categories: damaged wheat grains (3.1.1), other cereals (3.1.2), extraneous matter (3.1.3), and harmful and/or toxic matter (3.1.4). (See also Table C.1.) 3.1.1 damaged wheat grains all the matter of a sample of grain other than the basic cereal which comprises the following fractions: broken gr

20、ains, wheat of decreased value, grains attacked by pests, unsound grains and sprouted grains 3.1.1.1 broken grains grains in which part of the endosperm is exposed, or grains without germ ISO 5527:1995 5 , 1.4.9 3.1.1.2 wheat of decreased value grains, not fully developed or with discoloration in ge

21、rm and its surrounding area, which are less valuable in end-use performance due to external factors ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 7970:2011 3.1.1.2.1 shrivelled grains shrunken grains grains which are poorly filled, light and thin, whose build-up of reserves has been halted due to physiologic

22、al or pathological factors ISO 5527:1995 5 , 1.4.7 3.1.1.2.2 immature grains grains which are unripe and/or badly developed 3.1.1.2.3 black point grains grains have a distinct dark brown or black discoloration of the whole germ and surrounding area 3.1.1.3 grains attacked by pests grains which show

23、damage owing to attack by rodents, insects, mites or other pests NOTE Adapted from ISO 11051:1994 6 , 3.2.4. 3.1.1.4 unsound grains grains with certain degree of discoloration on surface of the kernel which may be caused by microorganisms or abnormal heating 3.1.1.4.1 mouldy grains grains which have

24、 moulds visible to the naked eye on 50 % of the surface and/or in the kernel ISO 11051:1994 6 , 3.2.3.1 3.1.1.4.2 heat-damaged grains grain whose external appearance has been changed or which have undergone modifications of functional properties due to spontaneous heating or drying at an excessively

25、 high temperature ISO 5527:1995 5 , 1.4.10 3.1.1.5 sprouted grains grains in which the radicle or plumule is clearly visible to the naked eye NOTE Sprouted grains are not taken into account as such, but according to the -amylase activity which results from their presence and which is expressed as th

26、e falling number (see 4.3.4). 3.1.2 other cereals grains belonging to cereal species other than the main cereal in the sample or batch under consideration ISO 5527:1995 5 , 1.4.1 NOTE For the purposes of this International Standard, the “main cereal” is wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 3.1.3 extraneous

27、matter fraction consisting of inorganic extraneous matter and organic extraneous matter ISO 7970:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 7970:2011 3.1.3.1 inorganic extraneous matter stones, glass, pieces of soil and other mineral matter from the fraction retained by a sieve with long rounded ap

28、ertures 3,55 mm wide and from the fraction retained by a sieve with long rounded apertures 1,00 mm wide and all the components which pass through a sieve with long rounded apertures 1,00 mm wide (by convention, the latter are considered to be inorganic) 3.1.3.2 organic extraneous matter any animal o

29、r plant matter other than grains of wheat, damaged wheat grains (3.1.1), other grains (3.1.2), inorganic extraneous matter (3.1.3.1) and harmful and/or toxic matter (3.1.4) 3.1.4 harmful matter toxic matter any substances in wheat bulk that can have a damaging or dangerous effect on health 3.1.4.1 h

30、armful seeds seeds which, if present in quantities above a certain limit, can have a damaging or dangerous effect on health, sensory properties or technological performance NOTE An indicative list of these seeds is given in Annex A. 3.1.4.2 bunted grains fungal structures which approximate the shape

31、 of normal grain, filled with fetid-smelling spores of the bunts Tilletia caries, Tilletia controversa, Tilletia foetida, Tilletia intermedia, Tilletia triticoides, Neovossia indica NOTE Adapted from ISO 5527:1995 5 , 1.4.12. 3.1.4.3 Fusarium damaged grains grains typically characterized by thin or

32、shrunken chalk-like kernels caused by Fusarium head blight 3.1.4.4 rotten grains grains which are discolored, swollen and soft as a result of decomposition by fungi or bacteria 3.1.4.5 ergot sclerotium of the fungus Claviceps purpurea ISO 11051:1994 6 , 3.7 4 Requirements 4.1 General characteristics

33、 and sensory properties Wheat grains shall be sound, clean, and have no foreign odours or odours indicating any deterioration. 4.2 Health characteristics 4.2.1 Wheat grains shall not contain added compounds, heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides residues or other contaminants which can affect human h

34、ealth. The maximum levels authorized are laid down by national regulation, or the joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission (see References 7 to 14). 4.2.2 Wheat shall be free from the living insects listed in Annex B, when determined in accordance with ISO 6639-3 or ISO 6639-4, and of mites when

35、determined by the sieving method. ISO 7970:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 7970:2011 4.3 Physical and chemical characteristics 4.3.1 Moisture content The moisture content of wheat, determined in accordance with ISO 712, shall not be greater than 14,5 % mass fraction. NOTE It is possible

36、 that different water contents are required for certain destinations, in relation to the climate, and duration of transport and storage. For further information, see ISO 6322 3 . 4.3.2 Bulk density The bulk density, called mass per hectolitre, of wheat shall be determined using instruments calibrate

37、d in accordance with the reference method specified in ISO 7971-1 or, by default, in accordance with the routine method specified in ISO 7971-3. It shall not be less than 70 kg/hl. 4.3.3 Impurities The maximum impurities content, determined using the method specified in Annex C, shall not exceed the

38、 value given in Table 1. The maximum content of damaged wheat grains (broken grains, wheat of decreased value, unsound grains, grains attacked by pests) and other cereals, determined in accordance with the method described in Annex C, shall not exceed 15 % mass fraction in total. 4.3.4 -Amylase acti

39、vity The -amylase activity (see 3.1.1.5), determined in accordance with ISO 3093, and expressed as the falling number, shall be not less than 180 s. 5 Sampling Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 24333. 6 Test methods The tests shall be carried out using the methods specified in 4.3

40、 and Annex C. Table 1 Maximum levels of impurities Impurities Definition Maximum permissible level % mass fraction Broken grains 3.1.1.1 7 a Wheat of decreased value 3.1.1.2 12 ab Grains attacked by pests 3.1.1.3 2 a Unsound grains 3.1.1.4 1 a Other cereals 3.1.2 3 a Extraneous matter 3.1.3 2 Inorga

41、nic extraneous matter 3.1.3.1 0,5 Harmful and/or toxic matter 3.1.4 0,5 Each of any toxic matter 3.1.4.1 to 3.1.4.5 0,05 aThe maximum content of broken grains, wheat of decreased value, unsound grains, grains attacked by pests, and other cereals shall not exceed 15 % mass fraction in total. bFor sof

42、t wheat, the colored grains of germ are accounted above 8 % mass fraction. ISO 7970:2011(E)4 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 7970:2011 Annex A (informative) Indicative list of harmful and toxic seeds WARNING This is a non-exhaustive list which can be augmented as necessary. A.1 Toxic seeds Botani

43、cal name Common name Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. Agrostemma githago L. Corn-cockle Coronilla varia L. Coronilla, Crown vetch Crotalaria spp. Crotalaria Datura fastuosa L. Datura stramonium L. Stramony, thorn apple Heliotropium lasiocarpum Fisher et C.A. Meyer Heliotrope Lolium temulentum L. Darnel Ri

44、cinus communis L. Castor-oil plant Sophora alopecuroides L. Stagger bush, Russian centaury Sophora pachycarpa Schrank ex C.A. Meyer Thermopsis montana Buffalo pen Thermopsis lanceolata R. Br. In Aiton Trichoderma incanum A.2 Harmful seeds Botanical name Common name Allium sativum L. Garlic Cephalari

45、a syriaca (L.) Roemer et Shultes Teasel Melampyrum arvense L. Cow-cockle Melilotus spp. Melilot Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Johnson grass Trogonella foenum-graecum L. Fenugreek ISO 7970:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 7970:2011 Annex B (informative) Unacceptable mites and insect pests

46、of stored cereals The following are unacceptable in stored cereals: Ahasverus advena (Waltl) Attagenus brunneus Faldermann Attagenus unicolor japonicus Reitter Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) Cryptolestes pusillus (Schnherr) Cryptolestes turcicus (Grouville) Ephest

47、ia cautella (Walker) Ephestia kiihniella Zeller Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel Nemapogon granella (L.) Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel) Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) Plodia interpunctella (Hbner) Prostephanus trurtcatus (Hom) Rhizopertha dominica (Fabricius) Sitotroga

48、 cerealella (Olivier) Sitophilus granarius (L.) Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky Tenebroides mauritanicus (L.) Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val Trogoderma granarium Everts Trogoderma variabile (Ballion) Tyroglyphus ovatus Troupeau Tyrophagus putre

49、scentiae (Schrank) ISO 7970:2011(E)6 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 7970:2011 Annex C (normative)Determination of impurities C.1 Principle The impurities are separated by sieving and are graded into the categories shown in Table C.1. Table C.1 Categories of impurities Category of impurity Corresponding main category Broken grains Wheat of decreased value Unsound grains Grains attacked by pests Damaged wheat grains Other cereals Other cereals Organic extraneous mat