BS ISO 8514-2-2000 Micrographics - Alphanumeric computer output microforms - Quality control - Method《缩微摄影技术 字母数字计算机输出缩微品 质量控制 方法》.pdf

1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 8514-2:2000 ICS 37

2、.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Micrographics Alphanumeric computer output microforms Quality control Part 2: MethodThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the DISC Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Commit

3、tee and comes into effect on 15 September 2000 BSI 09-2000 ISBN 0 580 36363 5 BS ISO 8514-2:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 8514-2:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO

4、8514-2:1992 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee IDT/1, Document imaging applications, to Subcommittee IDT/1/1, Quality, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/Europea

5、n committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. C

6、ross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electr

7、onic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This doc

8、ument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Referencenumber ISO8514-2:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO

9、8514-2 Secondedition 2000-05-01 MicrographicsAlphanumericcomputer outputmicroformsQualitycontrol Part2: Method Micrographie Microformes COM alphanumriques Contrle de la qualit Partie 2: MthodeISO8514-2:2000(E) ii ISO8514-2:2000(E)iii Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isawor

10、ldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,

11、governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternation

12、alStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthispartofISO8514maybethesubjectofpatent rights.ISOshallnotbeheldre

13、sponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO8514-2waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC171, Document imaging applications, Subcommittee SC 1, Quality. Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO8514-2:1992)whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised. ISO8514consistsofthefo

14、llowingparts,underthegeneraltitle Micrographics Alphanumeric computer output microforms Quality control: Part 1: Characteristics of the test slide and test data Part 2: Method AnnexAofthispartofISO8514isforinformationonly.ISO8514-2:2000(E) iv Introduction Theuseofalphanumericcomputeroutputmicroforms

15、(alphanumericCOM)forthestorageofinformationrequires valid,reliablemethodsbywhichthequalityoftheimagescanbemeasured.Thisisnecessarytoachieve consistentusableoutput.Ofprimaryimportanceintheproductionofmicroformscontainingalphanumeric informationisthelegibilityoftheinformationpresentedtotheuser.Thisist

16、ruewhetherthemicroformusedisthe original(firstgeneration)oraduplicate. ISO8514specifiesamethodformeasuringthequalityofcomputeroutputmicroforms(COM)andspecifiesatest formslideandtestdatatobeusedforapplyingthismethod.Itappliestomicroformscontainingvariabledata producedusingacathode-raytube,light-emitt

17、ingdiodesoralaser,andfixeddatasuchasthatcontainedonaform slide,witheffectivereductionratiosof1:24through1:48,inaccordancewithISO9923.ThisInternationalStandard appliesonlytoCOMrecordersthatuseaphysicalformslide. ThisInternationalStandarddescribesvarioussystemsandequipmenttoestablishtestguidelineswher

18、ebytheuser canestablishandmaintainagivenlevelofperformanceusingtheminimumofsophisticatedequipment. ThemethodrequiresatestformslideandtestdatageneratedfromtheCOMimagegenerator. Part1ofthisInternationalStandardspecifiesthecharacteristicsofthetestslideandofthetestdatausedfor applyingthismethod.INTERNAT

19、IONALSTANDARD ISO8514-2:2000(E)1 MicrographicsAlphanumericcomputeroutputmicroforms Qualitycontrol Part2: Method 1 Scope ThispartofISO8514describesamethodformeasuringtheoutputqualityofalphanumericCOMrecordersthat useaphysicalformslide.Italsoprovidesameansforestablishingtheoptimumintensity(exposure)se

20、ttingsofthe imagegenerator. 2 Normativereferences Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsof thispartofISO8514.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthesepublications donotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisp

21、artofISO8514areencouragedtoinvestigatethe possibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.Forundated references,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIECmaintain registersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO5-2:1991, Photography

22、 Density measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density. ISO5-3:1995, Photography Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions. ISO446:1991, Micrographics ISO character and ISO test chart No. 1 Description and use. ISO3334:1989, Micrographics ISO resolution test chart No. 2 D

23、escription and use. ISO6196-7:1992, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 7: Computer micrographics. ISO8514-1:2000, Micrographics Alphanumeric computer output microforms Quality control Part 1: Characteristics of test slide and test data. ISO9923:1994, Micrographics Transparent A6 microfiche Image arrangem

24、ents. 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthispartofISO8514,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO6196-7andthefollowingapply. 3.1 testslide formslidedesignedforuseinmeasuringthequalityofoutputfromaCOMsystem.ISO8514-2:2000(E) 2 4 Outlineofthemethod ThemethoddescribedisusedinitiallytosetuptheCOMsystemtoyi

25、eldsatisfactoryimagesandlaterasameans tomaintainconsistentperformanceonaday-to-daybasis.IfseveralCOMrecordersareinuse,italsoprovidesthe meanstoensurethatequivalentperformanceisbeingobtainedfromeachCOMrecorder. ThemethodfirstusesthetestslidespecifiedinISO8514-1todetermineifoptimumfocusoftheimageofthe

26、test slideisbeingachieved.ThisiscarriedoutusingtheISONo.1orNo.2testchart. TheE-Hpatternsanddensitybalancingareas(seeFigure1)arethenusedtoestablishtheproperexposure.The datafromthecharactergeneratorisusedtoadjustanddeterminetheregistrationaccuracyofthedatawiththetest slide.Thisisaccomplishedusingthea

27、lignmentgrid.The“E”and“H”charactersareusedtosetuptheexposure fromtheimagegenerator.Ingeneral,thisexposurelevelisestablishedbytheuserinrelationtohisownneeds. ThetypicalsetofCOMcharactersandthecharactersofsimilarappearance(seeFigure1)areusedtoestablishthat thedatafromtheimagegeneratorarelegible. 5 Tes

28、tprocedure 5.1 General Thefollowingprocedureconsistsofobtainingfirstthebestimageofthetestslide(see5.2)andthenofestablishing thebestimagefromtheimagegenerator(see5.3). 5.2 Optimizingthetestslideimage 5.2.1 COMreductionratio ThereductionratioshallbeinaccordancewithISO9923. Theactualreductionratioofthe

29、COMrecordershallbecheckedbytakingtheratioofadimensionofanyelement oftheartworkandtheactualdimensiononthesameelementonthemicroimage. Todothisaccuratelytheuseofatravellingmicroscope 1) mayberequired,althoughsuchdevicesmaynotbe readilyavailable.Analternativemethodistouseafixedmicroscope,withameasuringg

30、raticule,ofsufficient magnificationtomeasurethesizeoftheimageofthetestslide.Itisalsoessentialthattheproperreductionhas beenusedduringpreparationofthetestslide.InmostCOMsystemsutilizingphysicalformslides,andusinga particularlens,thereductionratioisfixed,hencethistestisusefulonlyindeterminingifthespec

31、ificationsofthis partofISO8514havebeenmet. 5.2.2 Opticalfocusofthetestslide Since,inmostcases,theformslideimagingsystemisprefocusedbythemanufacturer,thistestisusedtoconfirm thattheminimumresolutionspecifiedin5.2.4isbeingachieved.Ifnot,thenecessaryadjustmentshallbemade beforeanyotheroperationisinitia

32、ted. Forthispurposethemicroimageshallbechecked.ThevalueobtainedisdependentnotonlyontheCOMrecorder lensfocusbutalsoontheexposureconditions,filmtypeandprocessing. Themaximumresolvingpowershallbedeterminedthroughseveraltestscarriedoutatvariousexposuresettings rangingfromunderexposure,throughnormalexpos

33、uretooverexposure.Tomeasuretheresolution,useeitherthe ISOtestchartNo.1ortheISOresolutiontestchartNo.2inaccordancewithISO446andISO3334respectively. 1) Atravellingmicroscopeisonedesignedtomeasuredistances.Typicallyithasagraduatedmoveablestageuponwhichthe microformisaffixed,andaneyepiecewithcross-hairs

34、.ISO8514-2:2000(E)3 Figure1SamplelayoutofimageframecombiningtestslideandthegeneratedtestdataISO8514-2:2000(E) 4 Forinformationregardingresolvingpoweronduplicates,seeAnnexA. NOTE Maximumresolutionisrarelyachievedwhenpracticalexposureconditionsareused. 5.2.3 TestslideexposureTest“A” Fillamicroficheora

35、suitablelengthofrollmicrofilmwithimagesofthetestslideusingaseriesofgradually increasingform-flashintensities(linebylineorcolumnbycolumn).Choosetheexposurelevelforthetestslidethat givesanimageinwhichthethinnestE-Hpair(A1)(seearea)appearsunderexposedandtheheaviestE-Hpair (D5)appearsoverexposed.Ifmoret

36、hanonepairappearsunderexposedoroverexposed,choosetheimagein whichtheamountofunder-andoverexposureisequal.Notetheexposuresettingthatgivestheseresults. Oncetheproperexposurelevelischosen,ifadensitometerwhichcompliestoISO5-2and5-3isavailable, measurethevisualdiffusetransmissiondensityoftheappropriatede

37、nsityarea.Adensitometerwithamaximum apertureof1mmshouldbeusedduetothehighreductionratiooftenusedforcomputeroutputmicrofilm.For positive-appearingCOMimagesmeasurethemaximumdensityonthedensitymeasuringareaBandfornegative- appearingCOMimagesmeasuretheminimumdensityonthedensitymeasuringareaBandmeasureth

38、edensity ofthedensitymeasuringareaA.Alsorecordtherelatedcoordinates(columnandrow)oftheEandHpatterns correspondingtotheoptimumexposure.Thesecanbeusedforfuturecheckingofthesystemtoensurethatproper exposureandprocessingismaintained. Ifadensitometerisnotavailable,thedensitybalancingareasmaybeusedasavisu

39、alcomparisonreference. Toreadthedensitybalancingscale,considerareasas“read“onlyforthosehavingenoughvisualcontrastto distinguishboththewhiteandtheblacknumbersfromthebackgroundoftheareasinwhichtheyarelocated. 5.2.4 COMresolvingpower 5.2.4.1 Requirements TheresolvingpowerrequirementsforCOMrecordingdepe

40、ndonthetypeofcharacters(fontandsize)being recordedandonthereductionratioused.Ifthedatacontainslowercaseorcomplexcharacters,thentheresolving powerrequirementsarehigherthanifalluppercasecharactersareused. 5.2.4.2 Determination Thetestchartslocatedinareaareusedtodeterminetheresolvingpowerofthesystem.Me

41、asurementofthe resolutionoftheimageofthetestslideisusedtodeterminetheabilityoftheCOMsystemtorecordfinedetail. Sincetheresolvingpowermeasurementismadeusingahigh-quality,high-contrastformslideandnottheimage generator,thistestisnotameasureofthecharacterresolution.Resolvingpowershallbedeterminedin accor

42、dancewithISO446orISO3334. NOTE Measuringresolvingpowerwillhelptodeterminewhetherthelensandfilmcomponentsofthesystemarecapable ofrecordingfinedetail.Thevalueobtainediscriticallydependentuponthefocusofthelens.Thus,iftheresolvingpoweris belowexpectationafocusrangetestshouldberunattheexposureasdetermine

43、din5.2.3. Thecharactersizebeingusedcanbedeterminedbyexaminingareaontheimageofthetestslide.Comparethe sizeofthetestdataEHcharacterswiththosefromthetestslide.RefertoTable1inISO8514-1todeterminethe equivalentsizeofthegeneratedtestcharacters. Determinethequalityobtainedbyusingthefollowingformula: Q=P H

44、where Qisthequalityvalue;ISO8514-2:2000(E)5 Pisthehighestpatternnumberfromtestchartarearesolved; HistheheightdeterminedfromCOMcharacterlegibilitytestareas. Ifonlyuppercasecharactersareused,theheightoftheuppercaseEshouldbeusedintheaboveformula. Iflowercaseorcomplexcharactersareused,then80%oftheheight

45、oftheuppercaseEshouldbeusedinthe aboveformula. Aqualityvalueof8orgreater,excellentcopiesshouldbeobtained.Avalueof5orgreatershouldbeabletobe readwithoutdifficulty.Avalueof3orlesswillonlybereadwithdifficulty.Aminimumvalueof3,6isrecommended. NOTE Resolvingpoweriscriticallydependentuponthefocusofthelens

46、.Thusifresolvingpowerisbelowexpectationa focusrangetestshouldberunattheoptimumexposureasdeterminedin5.2.3. 5.2.5 Legibilitycontrolofthetestslideimage Checkthequalityofthecharacterslocatedinarea.Inroutineworkallcharactersintheareashallbelegible.The characterslocatedinareaareasampleofstandardcharacter

47、srecommendedforuseinmakingstandardform slides. NOTE Thistestisusedtocheckthatatypicalformslidewillproduceamicroimageofacceptablequality. 5.3 Optimizingtheimageoftheimagegenerator 5.3.1 General Setthetestslideexposuretothevaluedeterminedtobeoptimumintest“A”forallthefollowingtests. 5.3.2 Settingofthei

48、magegeneratorluminanceTest“B” Generatedata(seeISO8514-1,Figure3)usingtheimagegenerator.Priortorecordingonfilm,alignthedynamic datatothetestslidegrid.Fillamicroficheorasuitablelengthofrollmicrofilmwithimagesfromthetestslideand imagegeneratorusinggraduallyincreasinggeneratorintensity. 5.3.3 Legibility

49、andexposuredetermination SelectthebestimageoftheEHpairs.Useamicroscopeorafullsizeblowbackmicroformreadertocomparethis imagewithanEHpairfromthetestslidehavingthesameheightandlinewidth.Dothisforeachareaonthetest slideimage.NotethenumberandletterpositionofeachcomparableEHset.Alsoexaminetheresolutiontargets ontheimageoftheformslidetodetermineifthepatternresolvedisequaltoorsmallerthanthepatterndetermined toberequiredusingthemethoddescribedin5.2.4. 5.3.4 Alignment Thegridareashallbeusedtocheckthealignmentaccuracyoftheimagegener