BS ISO 9138-2015 Abrasive grains Sampling and splitting《研磨粒料 取样和裂解》.pdf

1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 9138:2015 Abrasive grains Sampling and splittingBS ISO 9138:2015 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 9138:2015. It supersedes BS 7425-3:1993 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted

2、 to Technical Committee MTE/13, Grinding wheels, abrasive tools, paper and cloths, and powders. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respon

3、sible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 80810 4 ICS 25.100.70 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Sta

4、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 9138:2015 ISO 2015 Abrasive grains Sampling and splitting Grains abrasifs chantillonnage et division INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9138 Second edition 2015-02-01 Reference nu

5、mber ISO 9138:2015(E)BS ISO 9138:2015ISO 9138:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inclu

6、ding photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41

7、 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandBS ISO 9138:2015ISO 9138:2015(E)Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Apparatus . 1 3.1 Sampling thief 1 3.1.1 General 1 3.1.2 Sampling thief type 1 (with holes) . 2 3.1.3 Sampling thief type 2 (

8、with one slot). 2 3.1.4 Sampling thief type 3 (with three to five slots) . 2 3.1.5 Sampling thief type 4 (motor driven) 2 3.2 Splitter 3 4 Procedure. 4 4.1 General . 4 4.2 Sampling from big-bags or “drums” . 4 4.2.1 With sampling thief, type 1 . 4 4.2.2 With sampling thief (motor driven), type 4 . 5

9、 4.3 Sampling from paper-bags 5 4.4 Sample preparation 5 4.4.1 General 5 4.4.2 Splitting by using a splitter . 5 4.4.3 Splitting by quartering manually . 5 4.5 Segregation . 5 Bibliography 6 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 9138:2015ISO 9138:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization

10、 for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has

11、the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The pr

12、ocedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the edito

13、rial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent righ

14、ts identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an exp

15、lanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this do

16、cument is ISO/TC 29, Small tools, Subcommittee SC 5, Grinding wheels and abrasives. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9138:1993), which has been technically revised with the following changes: many more detailed specifications are included in the entire document; requir

17、ements for four different types of sampling are specified; a detailed description of the splitter is included; whole sampling an splitting procedure described in much more detail for big-bags and paper-bags; a detailed specification of sampling preparation included.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS

18、ISO 9138:2015Abrasive grains Sampling and splitting 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the apparatus and the method for sampling and splitting of a lot of abrasive grains, to be used in the comparative testing of uniformly produced abrasive grains. 2 Normative references The following doc

19、uments, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6344-1, Coated abras

20、ives Grain size analysis Part 1: Grain size distribution test ISO 8486-1, Bonded abrasives Determination and designation of grain size distribution Part 1: Macrogrits F4 to F220 ISO 8486-2, Bonded abrasives Determination and designation of grain size distribution Part 2: Microgrits F230 to F2000 3 A

21、pparatus 3.1 Sampling thief 3.1.1 General The sampling thieves described in 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.1.4, or 3.1.5 shall be used. The sampling thief shall be made from seamless steel tubing of inside diameter of 25 mm to 30 mm and a wall thickness of 1,5 mm to 3,0 mm. The length is depending of the packaging

22、, but shall be 90 % at an angle of 45 of the packaging from top to bottom. The tube shall be pointed at one end. Holes shall be bored in a straight line. Length, diameter, and hole or slot size shall fit to the packaging type and size in order to ensure representative samples. The hole or slot sizes

23、 are depending on the grain size (see ISO 6344-1, ISO 8486-1, and ISO 8486-2) and shall be according to Table 1. Table 1 Diameter of holes or width of slot(s) of sampling thieves Grain size Diameter of holes or width of slot(s) in mm F4 to F10 25 F12 to F800 or P12 to P2500 10 F1000 to F2000 20 INTE

24、RNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 9138:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 9138:2015ISO 9138:2015(E) 3.1.2 Sampling thief type 1 (with holes) The sampling thief type 1 with holes shall be used for sampling from “drums” or big-bags. The sampling thief type 1 shall have a “T” handle or an equivalent ha

25、ndle at the other end. Figure 1 shows an example for a sampling thief type 1. Figure 1 Example for a sampling thief type 1 3.1.3 Sampling thief type 2 (with one slot) The sampling thief type 2 (with one slot) is recommended when sampling from small bags. Length of sampling device is typically 500 mm

26、, and slot is 10 mm in width and 250 mm in length. Figure 2 shows an example for a sampling thief type 2. Figure 2 Example for a sampling thief type 2 3.1.4 S ampling thief type 3 (with thr ee t o fi v e slot s) The sampling thief type 3 (with three to five slots) is recommended when sampling from s

27、mall bags. Length of sampling device is typically 500 mm. This equipment is provided with three slots of 10 mm in width and 80 mm in length, 50 mm between slots. Figure 3 shows an example for a sampling thief type 3. Figure 3 Example for a sampling thief type 3 3.1.5 Sampling thief type 4 (motor dri

28、ven) Several types of motor-driven sampling thieves are commercially available. They shall be used for compacted powders. This is to ensure representative sampling from the compacted bag. Compacted powders occur when the material has been stored for a long time or powder has been transported.2 ISO 2

29、015 All rights reservedBS ISO 9138:2015ISO 9138:2015(E) Figure 4 shows an example for a sampling thief type 4. Figure 4 Example for a sampling thief type 4 3.2 Splitter A riffle-type sampler (commonly known as a Jones sampler) is generally used (see Figure 5). It consists of a hopper made of a serie

30、s of slots that are constructed to discharge alternately in opposite directions. F i g u r e 5 E x a m p l e o f a r i f f l e - t y p e s a m p l e r The sizes of the slots and the splitter are depending on the grain size and shall be according to Table 2. Table 2 Sample splitter external dimension

31、s (capacity) to suit relevant sample sizes Grain size Sample mass in kg Slot width in mm F4 to F220 or P12 to P220 10 10 10 20 F230 to F2500 or P240 to P3000 1 7 Alternatively to the use of a splitter, samples may be quartered manually. see 4.4. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 9138:2015ISO 9138

32、:2015(E) 4 Procedure 4.1 General During transportation and storage, segregation might occur. Samples shall be a representative homogeneous mixture of the grain size under investigation. To obtain a representative sample, the sample thief shall be completely filled during sampling. See also 4.5. 4.2

33、S ampling fr om big -bags or “drums” 4.2.1 With sampling thief, type 1 Press the sampling thief at an angle of 60 (see Figure 6) into the packaging unit with the holes or slot(s) facing downwards. Press down until the sample thief has reached 90 % of the packaging diagonal. Then twist the tube throu

34、gh 180 and allow it to fill. Withdraw the tube, taking care not to rotate the thief, and remove the sample. Take at least two samples from each big-bag. In case of a defect, repeat sampling from a different part of the same big-bag or, if available, from a different big-bag. F i g u r e 6 S a m p l

35、i n g b i g - b a g s4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 9138:2015ISO 9138:2015(E) 4.2.2 With sampling thief (motor driven), type 4 Insert the sampling thief at an angle of 60 (see Figure 6) to horizontal into the container at uniform movement. Make sure that the sampling thief reaches the bottom o

36、f the container. The motor should be stopped while the sampling thief is redrawn from the container before it is emptied. Repeat the procedure until a representative sample is obtained. 4.3 S ampling fr om pap er-bags Sampling thieves type 2 or type 3 shall only be used in horizontal orientation. Pr

37、ess into the packaging with holes or slot(s) facing downwards. Press in until the sample thief has reached 90 % of the packaging horizontal length. Then twist the tube through 180 and allow it to fill. Withdraw the tube, taking care not to rotate the thief, and remove the sample. Repeat this procedu

38、re from all sides of the pallet to ensure representative sample. For procedure, see Figure 7. F i g u r e 7 S a m p l i n g p a p e r - b a g s 4.4 Sample preparation 4.4.1 General Suitable sample size shall be achieved by one of the two methods described in 4.4.2 and 4.4.3. 4.4.2 Splitting by using

39、 a splitter Pass the sample through the splitter (according to 3.2), dividing it into two equal portions. Take one of these portions and by passing it through the splitter, divide it into two portions again. Repeat this procedure until a sample amount is obtained; this is 25 % larger than the amount

40、 required for testing. 4.4.3 Splitting by quartering manually A sample can be quartered manually by mixing two of the opposite portions and reducing them again to quarters. Continue until a sample amount is obtained; this is 25 % larger than the amount finally required for testing. 4.5 Segregation S

41、ometimes segregation can be a problem. For materials, which are strongly segregating during transportation, above mentioned sampling procedure might not lead to a representative sample in all cases. Other methods have to be applied or developed (e.g. again homogenization followed by sampling or incr

42、ease number of samples taken according to raster process, which have to be defined.) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 9138:2015ISO 9138:2015(E) Bibliography 1 ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth 2 ISO 6344-2, Coated abrasives Grain s

43、ize analysis Part 2: Determination of grain size distribution of macrogrits P12 to P220 3 ISO 6344-3, Coated abrasives Grain size analysis Part 3: Determination of grain size distribution of microgrits P240 to P2500 4 ISO 9136-1, Abrasive grains Determination of bulk density Part 1: Macrogrits 5 ISO

44、 9136-2, Abrasive grains Determination of bulk density Part 2: Microgrits 6 ISO 9284, Abrasive grains Test-sieving machines 7 ISO 9285, Abrasive grains and crude Chemical analysis of fused aluminium oxide 8 ISO 9286, Abrasive grains and crude Chemical analysis of silicon carbide6 ISO 2015 All rights

45、 reservedBS ISO 9138:2015BS ISO 9138:2015ISO 9138:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved IC S 25.100.70 Price based on 6 pagesThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services. BSI is

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