BS ISO IEC 2382-36-2014 Information technology Vocabulary Learning education and training《信息技术 词汇 学习 教育和培训》.pdf

1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013 Information technology Vocabulary Part 36: Learning, education and trainingBS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013. The UK participation in its preparation was

2、entrusted to Technical Committee IST/43, Information technology for learning, education and training. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are

3、responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 83303 8 ICS 01.040.35; 35.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the author

4、ity of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013Reference number Numro de rfrence ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) ISO/IEC 2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO/IEC 2382-36 Second edition Deuxi

5、me dition 2013-11-15 Information technology Vocabulary Part 36: Learning, education and training Technologies de linformation Vocabulaire Partie 36: Apprentissage, education et formation BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013 ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT DOCUMENT PROTG PAR COPYRIGHT ISO/I

6、EC 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be r

7、equested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. / Droits de reproduction rservs. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcaniq

8、ue, y compris la photocopie, laffichage sur linternet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation crite pralable. Les demandes dautorisation peuvent tre adresses lISO ladresse ci-aprs ou au comit membre de lISO dans le pays du demandeur. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22

9、749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland/Publi en Suisse ii ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsBS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013 ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) iii Contents Page Foreword v Introduction ix Section 1: General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Nor

10、mative references 1 1.3 Principles and rules followed . 2 1.3.1 Definition of an entry . 2 1.3.2 Organization of an entry 2 1.3.3 Classification of entries . 3 1.3.4 Selection of terms and wording of definitions . 3 1.3.5 Multiple meanings . 3 1.3.6 Abbreviations 4 1.3.7 Use of parentheses . 4 1.3.8

11、 Use of terms printed in bold or italic typeface in definitions and the use of an asterisk . 4 1.3.9 Spelling . 5 1.3.10 Organization of the alphabetical index 5 Section 2: Terms and definitions 36 Information technology for learning, education and traning . 6 36.01 General terms 6 36.02 Users, orga

12、nizations, roles 7 36.03 Systems and tools . 7 36.04 Supportive processes 8 36.05 Resources and content 8 36.06 Teaching and learning . 9 36.07 Learner information . 9 Annex A (normative) Terms and definitions: Russian Federation A.1 Introduction . 10 A.2 Russian (rus) / Cyrillic (Cyrl) . 10 A.3 Rus

13、sian index 13 Annex B (informative) Terms and definitions: Republic of Korea B.1 Introduction . 14 B.2 Korean (kor) / Hangul (Hang) 14 B.3 Korean index . 16 Annex C (informative) Terms and definitions: Japan C.1 Introduction . 18 C.2 Japanese (jpn) . 18 C.3 Japanese index . 20 Annex D (informative)

14、Terms and definitions: China D.1 Introduction . 22 D.2 Chinese (zho) / Han (Hans) . 22 D.3 Chinese index 24 Alphabetical indexes English . 25 French . 27 BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013 ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) iv Sommaire Page Avant-propos .vii Introduction x Section 1: Gnralits 1.1 Domaine dapplication .

15、1 1.2 Rfrences normatives .1 1.3 Principes dtablissement et rgles suivies 2 1.3.1 Dfinition de larticle 2 1.3.2 Constitution dun article .2 1.3.3 Classification des articles3 1.3.4 Choix des termes et des dfinitions 3 1.3.5 Pluralit de sens ou polysmie .3 1.3.6 Abrviations 4 1.3.7 Emploi des parenth

16、ses .4 1.3.8 Emploi dans les dfinitions de termes imprims en caractres gras ou italiques et de lastrisque 4 1.3.9 Orthographe 5 1.3.10 Constitution de lindex alphabtique .5 Section 2: Termes et dfinitions 36 Technologie de linformation pour lapprentissage, lducation et la formation .6 36.01 Termes g

17、nraux 6 36.02 Utilisateurs, organisations et rles 7 36.03 Systmes et outils .7 36.04 Processus de soutien 8 36.05 Ressources et contenus .8 36.06 Enseignement et apprentissage .9 36.07 Informations concernant lapprenant 9 Annex A (normative) Termes et dfinitions: Fdration de russie A.1 Introduction1

18、0 A.2 Russe (rus) / cyrillique (Cyrl) .10 A.3 Index russe 13 Annex B (informative) Termes et dfinitions: Rpublique de Core B.1 Introduction14 B.2 Coren (kor) / hangl (Hang) 14 B.3 Index coren .16 Annex C (informative) Termes et dfinitions: Japon C.1 Introduction18 C.2 Japonais (jpn) 18 C.3 Index jap

19、onais .20 Annex D (informative) Termes et dfinitions: Chine D.1 Introduction22 D.2 Chinois (zho) / Han (Hans) .22 D.3 Index chinois .24 Index alphabtiques Anglais .25 Franais 27 BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013 ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and

20、IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with

21、 particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have

22、established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint t

23、echnical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. IS

24、O and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 2382-36 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 36, Information technology for learning, education, and training. This second edition cancels and re

25、places the first edition (ISO/IEC 2382-36:2008), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO/IEC 2382-36:2008/Cor.1:2012. ISO/IEC 2382 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Vocabulary: Part 1: Fundamental terms Part

26、 2: Arithmetic and logic operations Part 3: Equipment technology Part 4: Organization of data Part 5: Representation of data Part 6: Preparation and handling of data Part 7: Computer programming Part 8: Security Part 9: Data communication Part 10: Operating techniques and facilities Part 12: Periphe

27、ral equipment Part 13: Computer graphics Part 14: Reliability, maintainability and availability Part 15: Programming languages Part 16: Information theory BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013 ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) vi Part 17: Databases Part 18: Distributed data processing Part 19: Analog computing Part 20: S

28、ystem development Part 21: Interfaces between process computer systems and technical processes Part 22: Calculators Part 23: Text processing Part 24: Computer-integrated manufacturing Part 25: Local area networks Part 26: Open systems interconnection Part 27: Office automation Part 28: Artificial in

29、telligence Basic concepts and expert systems Part 29: Artificial intelligence Speech recognition and synthesis Part 31: Artificial intelligence Machine learning Part 32: Electronic Mail Part 34: Artificial intelligence Neural networks Part 36: Learning, education and training BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013

30、 ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) vii Avant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) et la CEI (Commission lectrotechnique internationale) forment le systme spcialis de la normalisation mondiale. Les organismes nationaux membres de lISO ou de la CEI participent au dveloppement de Normes i

31、nternationales par lintermdiaire des comits techniques crs par lorganisation concerne afin de soccuper des domaines particuliers de lactivit technique. Les comits techniques de lISO et de la CEI collaborent dans des domaines dintrt commun. Dautres organisations internationales, gouvernementales ou n

32、on gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO et la CEI, participent galement aux travaux. Dans le domaine des technologies de linformation, lISO et la CEI ont cr un comit technique mixte, lISO/CEI JTC 1. Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Pa

33、rtie 2. La tche principale du comit technique mixte est dlaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par le comit technique mixte sont soumis aux organismes nationaux pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % au moins

34、des organismes nationaux votants. Lattention est appele sur le fait que certains des lments du prsent document peuvent faire lobjet de droits de proprit intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. LISO et la CEI ne sauraient tre tenues pour responsables de ne pas avoir identifi de tels droits de proprit

35、et averti de leur existence. LISO/CEI 2382-36 a t labore par le comit technique mixte ISO/CEI JTC 1, Technologies de linformation, sous-comit SC 36, Technologies pour lducation, la formation et lapprentissage. Cette deuxime dition annule et remplace la premire dition (ISO/CEI 2382-36:2008), qui a fa

36、it lobjet dune rvision technique. Elle incorpore galement le Rectificatif technique ISO/CEI 2382- 36:2008/Cor.1:2012. LISO/CEI 2382 comprend les parties suivantes, prsentes sous le titre gnral de Technologies de linformation Vocabulaire: Partie 1: Termes fondamentaux Partie 2: Oprations arithmtiques

37、 et logiques Partie 3: Technologie du matriel Partie 4: Organisation des donnes Partie 5: Reprsentation des donnes Partie 6: Prparation et manipulation des donnes Partie 7: Programmation des ordinateurs Partie 8: Scurit Partie 9: Communication de donnes Partie 10: Techniques et moyens dexploitation

38、Partie 12: Priphriques Partie 13: Infographie Partie 14: Fiabilit, maintenabilit et disponibilit Partie 15: Langages de programmation BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013 ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) viii Partie 16: Thorie de linformation Partie 17: Bases de donnes Partie 18: Informatique rpartie Partie 19: Calcul

39、analogique Partie 20: Dveloppement de systme Partie 21: Interfaces entre calculateurs de processus et processus techniques Partie 22: Calculatrices Partie 23: Traitement de texte Partie 24: Productique Partie 25: Rseaux locaux Partie 26: Interconnexion de systmes ouverts Partie 27: Bureautique Parti

40、e 28: Intelligence artificielle Notions fondamentales et systmes experts Partie 29: Intelligence artificielle Reconnaissance et synthse de la parole Partie 31: Intelligence artificielle Apprentissage automatique Partie 32: Courrier lectronique Partie 34: Intelligence artificielle Rseaux neuronaux Pa

41、rtie 36: Apprentissage, ducation et formation BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013 ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) ix Introduction Information technology gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both an intellectual and a material nature. These exchanges often become difficult, either because of the great var

42、iety of terms used in various fields or languages to express the same concept, or because of the absence or imprecision of the definitions of useful concepts. To avoid misunderstandings and to facilitate such exchanges it is essential to clarify the concepts, to select terms to be used in various la

43、nguages or in various countries to express the same concept, and to establish definitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the various terms in different languages. ISO 2382 was initially based mainly on the usage to be found in the Vocabulary of Information Processing which was established an

44、d published by the International Federation for Information Processing and the International Computation Centre, and in the American National Dictionary for Information Processing Systems and its earlier editions published by the American National Standards Institute (formerly known as the American

45、Standards Association). Published and Draft International Standards relating to information technology of other international organizations (such as the International Telecommunication Union and the International Electrotechnical Commission) as well as published and draft national standards have als

46、o been considered. The purpose of ISO/IEC 2382 is to provide definitions that are rigorous, uncomplicated and which can be understood by all concerned. The scope of each concept defined has been chosen to provide a definition that is suitable for general application. In those circumstances where a r

47、estricted application is concerned, the definition may need to be more specific. Within current practice, diverse terms are commonly used in spite of the fact that no precise definitions are agreed upon. Definitions of terms of this kind are highly dependent on the context in which these terms are u

48、sed and in such cases a spectrum of definitions will be provided instead of a rigorous and uncomplicated definition. While it is possible to maintain the self-consistency of individual parts of ISO/IEC 2382, the reader is warned that the dynamics of language and the problems associated with the standardization and maintenance of vocabularies may introduce duplications and inconsistencies among parts. This part of ISO/IEC 2382 is intended to facilitate