BS ISO IEC 24760-1-2012 Information technology Security techniques A framework for identity management Terminology and concepts《信息技术 安全技术 身份识别管理的框架 术语和概念》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011 Information technology Security techniques A framework for identity management Part 1: Terminology and conceptsBS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011 BRITISH STANDARD

2、 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/33, IT - Security techniques. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

3、 This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 56275 4 ICS 35.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This

4、 British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011Reference number ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24760-1 First editio

5、n 2011-12-15 Information technology Security techniques A framework for identity management Part 1: Terminology and concepts Technologies de linformation Techniques de scurit Cadre pour la gestion de lidentit Partie 1: Terminologie et concepts BS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011 ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011(E) COPYRIGH

6、T PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below

7、 or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011 ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011(E

8、) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 3.1 General terms 1 3.2 Identification 3 3.3 Authenticating an identity 4 3.4 Management of identity 5 3.5 Federation 6 3.6 Privacy protection . 7 4 Symbols

9、 and abbreviated terms 8 5 Identity 8 5.1 General . 8 5.2 Identity information . 9 5.3 Identifier . 10 6 Attributes 10 6.1 General . 10 6.2 Types of attribute 11 6.3 Domain of origin 11 7 Managing identity information . 12 7.1 General . 12 7.2 Identity lifecycle . 12 8 Identification 14 8.1 General

10、. 14 8.2 Verification . 15 8.3 Enrolment . 15 8.4 Registration 15 9 Authentication . 16 10 Maintenance . 16 11 Implementation aspects 16 12 Privacy 17 Bibliography 18 Index of terms . 20 BS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011 ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the Internationa

11、l Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by

12、the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of

13、information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft Inter

14、national Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this documen

15、t may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 24760-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 27, IT Security techniques. ISO/IEC 24760 consists of the f

16、ollowing parts, under the general title Information technology Security techniques A framework for identity management: Part 1: Terminology and concepts The following parts are under preparation: Part 2: Reference architecture and requirements Part 3: Practice BS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011 ISO/IEC 24760-1

17、:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction Data processing systems commonly gather a range of information on their users, be it a person, piece of equipment, or piece of software connected to them, and make decisions based on the gathered information. Such identity-based decisions may c

18、oncern access to applications or other resources. To address the need to efficiently and effectively implement systems that make identity-based decisions, ISO/IEC 24760 specifies a framework for the issuance, administration, and use of data that serves to characterize individuals, organizations or i

19、nformation technology components which operate on behalf of individuals or organizations. For many organizations the proper management of identity information is crucial to maintain security of the organizational processes. For individuals, correct identity management is important to protect privacy

20、. ISO/IEC 24760 specifies fundamental concepts and operational structures of identity management with the purpose to realize information system management so that information systems can meet business, contractual, regulatory and legal obligations. This part of ISO/IEC 24760 specifies the terminolog

21、y and concepts for identity management, to promote a common understanding in the field of identity management. It also provides a bibliography of documents related to standardization of various aspects of identity management. BS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011BS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/

22、IEC 24760-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information technology Security techniques A framework for identity management Part 1: Terminology and concepts 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 24760 defines terms for identity management, and specifies core concepts of identity and identity managem

23、ent and their relationships. This part of ISO/IEC 24760 is applicable to any information system that processes identity information. A bibliography of documents describing various aspects of identity information management is provided. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are in

24、dispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. No normative references are cited. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docume

25、nt, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE The terms and definitions in this part of ISO/IEC 24760 are drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC 10241, International terminology standards Preparation and layout, which specifies that alternative term(s), often used for the term expressed in a bold

26、typeface, may be placed on a separate line before the text defining the term. This part of ISO/IEC 24760 uses only the term in bold face. 3.1 General terms 3.1.1 entity item inside or outside an information and communication technology system, such as a person, an organization, a device, a subsystem

27、, or a group of such items that has recognizably distinct existence EXAMPLE A human subscriber to a telecom service, a government agency, a SIM card, a passport, a network interface card, a website. BS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011 ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved3.1.2 identity part

28、ial identity set of attributes (3.1.3) related to an entity (3.1.1) NOTE 1 An entity can have more than one identity. NOTE 2 Several entities can have the same identity. NOTE 3 In a particular domain of applicability an identity can become a distinguishing identity or an identifier to allow entities

29、 to be distinguished or uniquely recognized within that domain. NOTE 4 ITU-T X1252 13specifies the distinguishing use of an identity. In this part of ISO/IEC 24760 the term identifier implies this aspect. 3.1.3 attribute characteristic or property of an entity (3.1.1) that can be used to describe it

30、s state, appearance, or other aspects NOTE The primary function of the concept of an attribute in this part of ISO/IEC 24760 is to be a particular, well- defined aspect of the description of an entity in an identity management system. The values of attributes in an identity together describe the ent

31、ity in a domain. EXAMPLE An entity type, address information, telephone number, a privilege, a MAC address, a domain name are possible attributes. 3.1.4 identifier unique identity distinguishing identity identity information (3.2.4) that unambiguously distinguishes one entity (3.1.1) from another on

32、e in a given domain (3.2.3) NOTE 1 An identifier may be suitable for use outside the domain. NOTE 2 An identifier may be an attribute with an assigned value. NOTE 3 An identifier may be the one or more attributes that determine if an identity passes or fails specific criteria. EXAMPLE A name of a cl

33、ub with a club-membership number, a health insurance card number together with a name of the insurance company, an email address, or a Universal Unique Identifier (UUID) can all be used as identifiers. In a voters register, the combination of attributes name, address and date of birth is sufficient

34、to unambiguously distinguish a voter. 3.1.5 domain of origin feature of an attribute (3.1.3) that specifies the domain (3.2.3) where the attribute was created or its value (re)assigned NOTE 1 The domain of origin typically specifies the meaning and format of the attribute value. Such specification m

35、ay be based on international standards. NOTE 2 An attribute may contain an explicit value that references the domain of origin, e.g. an ISO country code for a passport number as reference to the issuing country that is the domain of origin of identity information in the passport. NOTE 3 Operationall

36、y, a domain of origin may be available as an authoritative source for an attribute (sometimes known as the Attribute Authority). An authoritative source may be operated outside the actual domain of origin. Multiple authoritative sources may exist for the same domain of origin. EXAMPLE The domain of

37、origin of a club-membership number is the specific club that assigned the number. BS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011 ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 33.1.6 reference identifier RI identifier (3.1.4) in a domain (3.2.3) that is intended to remain the same for the duration an entity (3.1

38、.1) is known in the domain and is not associated with another entity for a period specified in a policy after the entity ceases to be known in that domain NOTE 1 A reference identifier persists at least for the existence of the entity in a domain and may exist longer than the entity, e.g. for archiv

39、al purposes. NOTE 2 A reference identifier for an entity may change during the lifetime of an entity, at which point the old reference identifier is no longer applicable for that entity. EXAMPLE A driver license number that stays the same for an individual drivers driving life is a persistent identi

40、fier, which references additional identity information and that is a reference identifier. An IP address is not a reference identifier as it can be assigned to other entities. 3.2 Identification 3.2.1 identification process of recognizing an entity (3.1.1) in a particular domain (3.2.3) as distinct

41、from other entities NOTE 1 The process of identification applies verification to claimed or observed attributes. NOTE 2 Identification typically is part of the interactions between an entity and the services in a domain and to access resources. Identification may occur multiple times while the entit

42、y is known in the domain. 3.2.2 verification process to determine that presented identity information (3.2.4) associated with a particular entity (3.1.1) is applicable for the entity to be recognized in a particular domain (3.2.3) at some point in time NOTE Verification can involve checking that the

43、 required attributes are present, have the correct syntax, and exist within a defined validity period. 3.2.3 domain domain of applicability context DA environment where an entity (3.1.1) can use a set of attributes (3.1.3) for identification (3.2.1) and other purposes NOTE 1 In general the domain of

44、 an identity is well defined in relation to the particular set of attributes. NOTE 2 ITU-T X1252 13uses the term context; this part of ISO/IEC 24760 prefers the term domain. EXAMPLE An IT system deployed by an organization that allows users to login is the domain for the users login name. 3.2.4 iden

45、tity information set of values of attributes (3.1.3) optionally with any associated metadata in an identity (3.1.2) NOTE In an information and communication technology system an identity is present as identity information. BS ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011 ISO/IEC 24760-1:2011(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights res

46、erved3.3 Authenticating an identity 3.3.1 authentication formalized process of verification (3.2.2) that, if successful, results in an authenticated identity (3.3.2) for an entity (3.1.1) NOTE 1 The authentication process involves tests by a verifier of one or more identity attributes provided by an

47、 entity to determine, with the required level of assurance, their correctness. NOTE 2 Authentication typically involves the use of a policy to specify a required level of assurance for the result of a successful completion. NOTE 3 Identification is usually done as authentication to obtain a specific

48、 level of assurance in the result. 3.3.2 authenticated identity identity information (3.2.4) for an entity (3.1.1) created to record the result of authentication (3.3.1) NOTE 1 An authenticated identity typically contains information obtained in the authentication process, e.g. the level of assuranc

49、e attained. NOTE 2 The existence of an authenticated identity in a particular domain denotes that an entity has been recognized in that domain. NOTE 3 An authenticated identity typically has a lifespan restricted by an authentication policy. 3.3.3 identity information authority IIA entity (3.1.1) related to a particular domain (3.2.3) that can make provable statements on the validity and/or correctness of one or more attribute (3.1.3) values in an identity (3.1.2) NOTE 1 An identity information authorit