BS M 74-1994 Air cargo equipment - Basic requirements for aircraft loading equipment《航空货运设备 飞机装载设备的基本要求》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS M 74:1994 ISO 6966:1993 Air cargo equipment Basic requirements for aircraft loading equipment UDC 621.869.3:629.7.045BSM74:1994 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Aerospace Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the auth

2、orityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15 April 1994 BSI 01-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/57 Draft for comment 92/82409 DC ISBN 0 580 23077 5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British

3、 Standard was entrusted by the Aerospace Systems Standards Policy Committee (ACE/-) to Technical Committee ACE/57, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Webbing Load Restraint Equipment Manufacturers British Airways British Narrow Fabrics Association Civil Aviation Authori

4、ty (Airworthiness Division) Health and Safety Executive Ministry of Defence Society of British Aerospace Companies Ltd. Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSM74:1994 BSI 01-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front

5、 cover National foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Materials 1 4 Workmanship 1 5 Codes of practice 1 6 Safety 1 7 Environment 3 8 Mobility 3 9 Transport 3 10 Mechanical 4 11 Electrical 4 12 Hydraulic and pneumatic 4 13 Maintenance 4 14 Manuals 4 15 Vehicle marking 5 16 Optional feature

6、s 5 Annex A (informative) Efficiency of rollerized unit load device (ULD) handling equipment 6 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 7 Figure A.1 Increase in efficiency as a function of the rollers and the gross weight of the ULD 7 List of references Inside back coverBSM74:1994 ii BSI 01-2000 National

7、foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Aerospace Standards Policy Committee. It is identical with ISO 6966:1993 Aircraft Basic requirements for aircraft loading equipment published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The Technical Committ

8、ee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 4116:1986 and ISO2328:1993, to which normative reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of

9、British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references International Standard Corresponding British Standard ISO 7000:1989 BS 7324:1990 Guide to graphical symbols for use on equip

10、ment Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the i

11、nside front cover.BSM74:1994 BSI 01-2000 1 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the basic requirements applicable to aircraft loading equipment. This International Standard applies to equipment for which functional specifications have been laid down. It shall be read in conjunction with ISO

12、 4116 whenever the equipment involved is designed to handle unit load devices. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 6966. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All s

13、tandards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 6966 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 23

14、28:1993, Fork-lift trucks Hook-on type fork arms and fork arm carriages Mounting dimensions. ISO 4116:1986, Air cargo equipment Ground equipment requirements for compatibility with aircraft unit load devices. ISO 7000:1989, Graphical symbols for use on equipment Index and synopsis. 3 Materials 3.1 M

15、aterials shall be selected from those which experience and/or tests have demonstrated to be suitable and dependable for use on aircraft ground handling equipment. 3.2 Materials used shall be corrosion-resistant and protected by plating or other surface treatment (for example, to resist the action of

16、 de-icing and hydraulic fluids). 3.3 Wherever possible, standard commercially available components shall be used. 4 Workmanship Workmanship and methods of fabrication shall be of a high standard. 5 Codes of practice The design, manufacturing processes and use of materials shall conform to national c

17、odes of practice. 6 Safety 6.1 General 6.1.1 Considerable importance is attached to having equipment into which the essential safety aspects have been incorporated as part of the basic design. It is particularly necessary when designing aircraft handling equipment to take into account the adverse co

18、nditions which frequently prevail in ramp areas, e.g. congested vehicle movement, exposure to weather, night operation, noise from aircraft and other vehicles and difficult communications. 6.1.2 All equipment or any component thereof, the failure of which could be hazardous, shall be designed to be

19、fail-safe. 6.2 Personnel working surfaces 6.2.1 Personnel work platforms and walkways shall have a high traction surface. 6.2.2 Personnel work platforms and walkways shall have adequate handrail and/or guardrail protection. 6.2.3 Stairs, ramps, ladder rungs, cleats or treads shall be of nonslip mate

20、rial. 6.2.4 Ladders and stair treads shall be designed to support a minimum working load equivalent to a mass of91 kg (200 lb). 6.2.5 Landings and working surfaces shall be designed to support a minimum working load equivalent to a mass of114 kg (250 lb) for each person occupying said landing and/or

21、 working surface at the same time. 6.2.6 On open cab vehicles with passenger seat(s), a hip guard shall be provided on the outside edge of the outside seat(s) with a minimum height of8cm(3in) above the seat surface. 6.3 Controls 6.3.1 Controls and warning lights shall be grouped and located so as to

22、 be convenient to the operator from his normal operating station or stations. Where there is more than one station, interlocks should be provided at each station to render inoperative the controls of all other stations. 6.3.2 Controls and warning lights shall be properly and permanently identified,

23、preferably by pictograms (see ISO 7000).BSM74:1994 2 BSI 01-2000 6.3.3 All operational controls shall move in the direction of travel for the function which they control and shall be of the deadman type, unless the control is set to achieve a function to permit the users to accomplish another task.

24、In these cases, such set controls shall be detented or similarly locked into the operating position to prevent inadvertent deactivation or reversing. Such controls shall be readily available to the operator(s). Operating controls only used in emergencies need not meet this requirement. 6.3.4 Hand an

25、d foot controls shall be sized and spaced to provide easy operation with a gloved hand and/or booted foot dependent on the control. Consideration shall be given to environmental weather conditions in which the unit will operate. 6.3.5 Foot controls shall be a minimum of5 cm 8 cm (2 in 3 in) and prov

26、ided with a nonslip material. 6.3.6 Controls and controlling circuits shall be designed in such a manner that failure within a control or its circuitry will not introduce an unsafe operating condition. 6.3.7 Conventional automotive driving controls shall be used where possible. 6.4 Stability 6.4.1 S

27、elfpropelled type units equipped with power-actuated stabilizers shall have an operator warning device to indicate when the stabilizers are not in the stowed position. 6.4.2 Lift type units exposed to blast, wind and/or irregular surfaces, shall be equipped with stabilizing devices, which preclude t

28、he unit overturning when exposed to wind or blast up to120 km/h (65 kn) in the elevated position. 6.4.3 The stability outlined in 6.4.2 shall determine at which point during elevation the stabilizing devices will be necessary. A safety device shall be provided to ensure this elevation is not exceede

29、d unless stabilizing devices are extended and/or engaged. 6.4.4 Retraction of the stabilizing device shall not be possible under normal or emergency conditions until the unit has been lowered to within the stability requirements outlined in 6.4.2. 6.4.5 Stabilizer activating devices shall be located

30、 so as not to expose the operator to personal injury. 6.4.6 An interlock shall be provided to prevent driving the vehicle when stabilizers are not fully retracted. 6.4.7 Emergency-raising stabilizer controls shall be provided and shall be so located as not to expose the operator to injury. 6.4.8 Sta

31、bilizers shall be marked with black and yellow reflective tape. Stabilizer pads shall be painted red. 6.4.9 The stabilizers shall not collapse in the case of a system failure. 6.5 Doors All doors shall be provided with securing devices to retain them in the open and/or closed position. These devices

32、 shall be capable of withstanding blast or ambient winds as specified in 6.4.2, and shall be installed so that the doors, when open, do not create a personnel injury hazard. 6.6 Components All components that exceed36 kg (80 lb) or that exceed15 kg (33 lb) where only one person has access to the uni

33、t for handling, shall have provisions for attaching lifting or handling devices. 6.7 Machinery guards Sprockets, gears, chains, belts, fans and pulleys, or other nip or pinch point hazards which are not protected by vehicle structures or covers shall be guarded. 6.8 Fuel and fluid replenishing 6.8.1

34、 Fuel lines shall be secured with a minimum of5 cm (2 in) clearance to exhaust and electrical systems. 6.8.2 Fuel tank(s) shall be located and installed so that any overflow during filling, or any leakage from the tank, lines or fittings, will not impinge on the engine, exhaust, electrical system or

35、 other ignition sources or enter the operators compartment. Consideration should be given to avoiding spilled fuel making work or access surfaces slippery. 6.8.3 Fuel tanks shall be located for maximum protection from collision damage. 6.9 Exhaust 6.9.1 Internal combustion engines shall be fitted wi

36、th a baffle-type muffler. 6.9.2 The exhaust system, beyond the manifold, shall be supported at least7,5cm (3 in) clear of combustible materials, excluding flexible mountings, and at least5cm (2 in) clear of fuel, hydraulic and electrical system parts and shall not be subject to drippage of fuel, oil

37、 or grease. 6.9.3 The surface and the discharge of exhaust systems shall be located so that they will not expose employees and/or materials to injury or damage. 6.10 Visibility 6.10.1 Vehicle operators shall have clear and unimpaired visibility when operating the unit. Mirrors shall be provided wher

38、e necessary.BSM74:1994 BSI 01-2000 3 6.10.2 All glass shall be of a safety or tempered type and shall provide maximum visibility based upon the functional requirements of the unit. 6.10.3 Any vehicle equipped with a windshield shall be provided with a powered windshield wiper giving a wipe area of n

39、ot less than 60 % of the glazed area. A sun visor of suitable size shall be provided. Overhead view panels should also be fitted with wiping mechanisms. 6.10.4 On enclosed cab-equipped vehicles, the windshield shall be provided with a defogger and/or defroster. 6.10.5 Reflective material or, prefera

40、bly, fluorescent paint shall be applied on all corners. 6.11 Towbars and couplings 6.11.1 The tongues or towbars of units shall be designed to minimize exposure to pinch points during coupling. 6.11.2 A stop shall be provided to prevent the towbar from coming into contact with the ground when droppe

41、d. 6.11.3 The towing eye and the towbar shall be made clearly visible in poor lighting conditions in order to avoid accidents. 6.12 Emergency buttons Emergency engine stop button(s) (red mushroom type) shall be provided. These should be installed at convenient positions on the unit to enable immedia

42、te shutdown in the event of an emergency. The location and number should be specified by the purchaser. 6.13 Vehicle slow speed Positive, nonjerking slow speed is required for the final positioning of a unit/vehicle with respect to the aircraft. 6.14 Aircraft protection Any part of a vehicle coming

43、close to or liable to touch the aircraft shall have suitable padding. 6.15 Brakes 6.15.1 A braking system shall be provided to stop vehicles safely under empty and full load conditions, and shall meet all local requirements and regulations. 6.15.2 A parking/emergency brake shall be provided which wi

44、ll restrain the vehicle when fully loaded on an incline of5% (or more if specified by the user). 6.16 Fire prevention A fire extinguisher of suitable type and capacity shall be provided either on the equipment or adjacent to the area of operation. 6.17 Engine operation 6.17.1 For selfpropelled vehic

45、les, it shall not be possible to start the engine unless the shifting lever is in the neutral or park position. 6.17.2 For selfpropelled equipment with a hand throttle, it shall not be possible to engage the forward or reverse gear unless the hand throttle is in the idle position. 7 Environment 7.1

46、The vehicles shall be designed and constructed so as to allow unrestricted use in all climates with the minimum of modifications. The unit shall have provisions to easily adapt to temperature variations ranging from 40 C to + 60 C ( 40 F to + 140 F) and humidity of up to100%. Consideration shall be

47、given to ambient temperature variations, rain and freezing precipitation, dust, salt/sea air and reasonable variations in atmospheric pressure. 7.2 The unit shall be capable of being operated by day and night. 7.3 The noise level shall be kept to a minimum but shall not exceed85dBA at a distance of4

48、,6m (15 ft) from the perimeter of the vehicle and1,5m (5 ft) above the ground. 8 Mobility 8.1 The vehicle shall be manoeuvrable in ice and snow and the driving wheels should have a sufficient clearance to permit installation and use of chains. 8.2 Means shall be provided to tow a stalled vehicle cle

49、ar of an aircraft. 8.3 The fuel tank (gasoline, diesel or liquid propane gas) capacity shall be sufficient for a least eight hours continuous operation. Operational time requirements for electrically driven units are to be determined by the purchaser. 8.4 Hydraulic valves and electrical circuits shall be provided with a bypass system for manual operation in case of failures. 9 Transport 9.1 It shall be possible to transport the unit by road,or sea. It is possible that parts have to be removed to achieve the dimensions required by constraints of the sele