1、BSI Standards Publication PD 7974-5:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Part 5: Fire and rescue service intervention (Sub-system 5) This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.Publishing and copyright information The B
2、SI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. The British Standards Institution 2014 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 78989 2 ICS 13.220.10 The following BSI references relate to the work on this document: Committee reference FSH/24
3、 Draft for comment 14/30292939 DC Publication history First published August 2002 Second (present) edition, November 2014 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected PD 7974-5:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTContents Foreword 1 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definiti
4、ons 4 4 General guidance 5 5 Design objectives 10 6 Fire and rescue service information 11 7 Design and building information 17 8 Analysis of the effectiveness of fire and rescue service intervention and outputs 29 Annexes Annex A (informative) Providing adequate fire-fighting water in large, tall o
5、r complex buildings 48 Bibliography 55 List of figures Figure 1 Potential inputs into sub-system 5 7 Figure 2 Basic fire safety design process 8 Figure 3 Fire and rescue service intervention design process 9 Figure 4 Fire and rescue service intervention 12 Figure 5 Linking together fire modelling wi
6、th fire and rescue service resource build-up and fire-fighter task analysis 30 Figure 6 Intervention modelling using a time-dependent fire 32 Figure 7 Intervention modelling using a progression of steady state fires 32 Figure 8 Intervention modelling using a continuous steady state fire 33 Figure 9
7、Example attendance time of fire appliance 34 Figure 10 The potential range of attendance time and the deterioration of fire conditions 35 Figure 11 Actual attendance time towards the higher end of the spectrum so RSIT ASIT 36 Figure 12 Potential impacts of applied water on the rate of heat release 4
8、4 Figure 13 Recommendations for thermal classes of fire-fighter environments, showing range of air temperature, heat flux and duration 46 Figure A.1 Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) UK fire research data with results from Barnetts Equation 2 inserted 48 Figure A.2 GCU research of 70 large fire 50
9、0m 2 49 Figure A.3 Medium t-squared growth curve 53 List of tables Table 1 Fire-fighter task analysis 29 Table 2 Completed task analysis 39 Table A.1 Fire growth rates and travelling fire spread rates observed at past high-rise incidents 50 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an
10、inside front cover, pages i to ii, pages 1 to 56, an inside back cover and a back cover. PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-5:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iPUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-5:2014 ii The British Standards Institution 2014Foreword Publishing information This Published Document is pub
11、lished by BSI Standards Limited, under licence from The British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 November 2014. It was prepared by Panel FSH/24/-/3, Revision of PD 7974-5, under the authority of Technical Committee FSH/24, Fire safety engineering. A list of organizations represented
12、 on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Supersession This Published Document supersedes PD 7974-5:2002, which is withdrawn. Relationship with other publications This Published Document takes information on building characteristics and the design fire from the qualitative desi
13、gn review (QDR) together with the time of fire service notification from sub-system 4 (PD 7974-4) and the time of evacuation from sub-system 6 (PD 7974-6). It provides information on the effect of fire service activities on the growth of the fire, which is used by sub-system 1 (PD 7974-1). PD 7974-5
14、 is a new part of the PD 7974 series. The series comprises: Part 0: Guide to design framework and fire safety engineering procedures; Part 1: Initiation and development of fire within the enclosure of origin (Sub-system 1); Part 2: Spread of smoke and toxic gases within and beyond the enclosure of o
15、rigin (Sub-system 2); Part 3: Structural response and fire spread beyond the enclosure of origin (Sub-system 3); Part 4: Detection of fire and activation of fire protection systems (Sub-system 4); Part 5: Fire and rescue service intervention (Sub-system 5); Part 6: Human factors Life safety strategi
16、es Occupant evacuation, behaviour and condition (Sub-system 6); Part 7: Probabilistic risk assessment; Part 8: Property protection, business and mission continuity, and resilience. These Published Documents are intended to be used in support of BS 7974. Information about this document This is a full
17、 revision of the standard and introduces the following principal changes: the standard has been rewritten to accommodate changes resulting from the National standards of fire cover having been withdrawn and replaced by locally determined standards of fire cover developed through a process called “in
18、tegrated risk management planning”; guidance is provided on the relationship between building design and fire and rescue service operating procedures. PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-5:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 1Use of this document As a guide, this Published Document takes the form of
19、guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification or a code of practice and claims of compliance cannot be made to it. Presentational conventions The guidance in this standard is presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Any recommendations are expressed in sentences
20、in which the principal auxiliary verb is “should”. Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element. Contractual and legal considerations This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
21、 of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Published Document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-5:2014 2 The British Standards Institution 2014Introduction This Published Document is one of a series of documents intend
22、ed to support BS 7974. BS 7974 provides a framework for developing a rational methodology for design using a fire safety engineering approach through the application of scientific and engineering principles to the protection of people, property and the environment from fire. The Published Documents
23、(PDs) contain guidance and information on how to undertake quantitative and detailed analysis of specific aspects of the design. They are a summary of current practice and it is intended that they be updated as new theories, calculation methods and/or data become available. They do not preclude the
24、use of appropriate methods and data from other sources. BS 7974 can be used to define one or more fire safety design issues to be addressed using fire safety engineering. The appropriate PD(s) can then be used to set specific acceptance criteria and/or to undertake detailed analysis. A fire safety e
25、ngineering (FSE) approach that takes into account the total fire safety package can often provide a more fundamental and economical solution than more prescriptive approaches to fire safety. It might in some cases be the only viable means of achieving a satisfactory standard of fire safety in some l
26、arge or complex buildings. Fire safety engineering can have many benefits. The use of BS 7974 can facilitate the practice of fire safety engineering and in particular it can: a) provide the designer with a disciplined approach to fire safety design; b) allow the safety levels for alternative designs
27、 to be compared; c) provide a basis for selection of appropriate fire protection systems; d) provide opportunities for innovative design; and e) provide information on the management of fire safety for a building. Fire is an extremely complex phenomenon and there are still gaps in the available know
28、ledge. When used by suitably qualified persons, experienced in fire safety engineering, the series of documents can provide a means of establishing acceptable levels of fire safety economically and without imposing unnecessary constraints on aspects of building design. 1 Scope This part of PD 7974 p
29、rovides guidance on fire safety engineering and the necessary interaction with fire service intervention activities. This Published Document applies irrespective of whether the design objective, or fire service activities, are intended to support life safety, property, business, mission, or heritage
30、 protection objectives, as defined in the qualitative design review (QDR) process described in BS 7974 and PD 7974-0. The guidance provides an understanding of both the capabilities and limitations of fire service intervention, and takes into account the physiological demands on fire-fighters, the f
31、ire-fighting procedures that are used and the limitations of fire-fighting equipment. This part of PD 7974 is intended to be applied to the design of new and, where appropriate, the appraisal of existing, buildings and plant. It also contains analytical tools that allow an analysis of fire and rescu
32、e service intervention and offers a range of approaches that could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of fire and rescue service intervention if analysis indicates that design objectives might not be achieved. The fire and rescue service can request access and facilities to assist them with em
33、ergencies other than fire. The recommendations contained in this document could be of value when considering such requests but the primary purpose of this document is concerned with fire. PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-5:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 32 Normative references The following d
34、ocuments, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Standards publications
35、 BS 7974:2001, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Code of practice BS 9990, Code of practice for non-automatic fire-fighting systems in buildings BS 9999:2008, Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings BS EN 81-72, Safet
36、y rules for the construction and installation of lifts Particular applications for passenger and goods passenger lifts Part 72: Firefighters lifts PD 7974-1, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Part 1: Initiation and development of fire within the enclosure o
37、f origin (Sub-system 1) PD 7974-3, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Part 3: Structural response and fire spread beyond the enclosure of origin (Sub-system 3) PD 7974-4, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Part 4: De
38、tection of fire and activation of fire protection systems (Sub-system 4) PD 7974-6, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Part 6: Human factors Life safety strategies Occupant evacuation, behaviour and condition (Sub-system 6) PD 7974-8:2012, Application of fir
39、e safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Part 8: Property protection, business and mission continuity, and resilience 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Published Document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 attendance a) fire appliances that are at the in
40、cident or are on their way to the incident; b) act or process of a fire appliance being mobilized and travelling to an incident NOTE For the fire and rescue service, the word “attendance” has a slightly different meaning depending on the context in which it is used. Since this Published Document aim
41、s to achieve effective interaction between the fire engineer and the fire and rescue service, the fire and rescue service terminology is used within the text. 3.2 attendance time (t attend ) duration of time that passes between the fire and rescue service control room being notified that a fire appl
42、iance is required and the arrival of the fire appliance at the site PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-5:2014 4 The British Standards Institution 20143.3 bridgehead part of a building, usually the floor below the fire (floor above in the case of basements), from which fire-fighting teams can be safely commi
43、tted to attack a fire 3.4 intervention (fire and rescue service) all the activities of the fire and rescue service from the receipt of an emergency call right through to the end of their involvement with an incident 3.5 in attendance being present at the scene of the incident 3.6 place of relative s
44、afety place in which there is no immediate danger, but in which there could be future danger, from the effects of fire SOURCE: BS 9999:2008, 3.83 3.7 preparation time time that the fire and rescue service spend, after arrival at the scene of a fire, gathering information, preparing an operational pl
45、an and ensuring that operational resources are in place 3.8 safe areas or refuge floors rooms or floors or areas set aside to provide places of temporary refuge within buildings; such locations are provided with a very high degree of fire protection and can be provided with their own independent air
46、 supply NOTE A safe area or refuge floor is a special case of a place of relative safety in that it is expected that people remain there for a period of time rather than be in transit to a place of ultimate safety. 3.9 tactical operations implementation of an operational plan by the fire and rescue
47、service; typically leading to and including fire-fighting and/or rescue; tactical operations begin following the end of preparation time 4 General guidance 4.1 The qualitative design review This Published Document provides guidance on the capabilities of the fire service to: contribute to life safet
48、y by rescue (under exceptional circumstances see 5.2); and reduce the effect of a fire on the structure, contents and overall operation of the building. Information on fire safety engineering (FSE) design objectives and the acceptance criteria are provided by the qualitative design review (QDR). Whe
49、re achieving design objectives relies upon fire and rescue service intervention, the nature of that intervention and the provision of necessary access and facilities for the fire and rescue service should be included in the QDR. For large and complex projects, the QDR should be carried out by a study team involving one or more fire safety engineers, other members of the design team and a member of operational management. For smaller projects however, the QDR may be carried ou
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