1、BSI Standards Publication PD 855468:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT Guide to the flushing and disinfection of services supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.Publishing and copyright information The BSI copyright no
2、tice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. The British Standards Institution 2015 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 88692 8 ICS 91.140.60 The following BSI references relate to the work on this document: Committee reference EH/3 Publication hist
3、ory First published September 2015 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected PD 855468:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTContents Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 Operational plan 4 5 Commissioning or decommissioning 5 6 Pre-disinfection cleansing flushing
4、 9 7 Cleaning and disinfection 10 8 Disinfection 10 9 Maintenance or alteration 16 10 Sampling 16 11 Remedial actions after monitoring indicates problem 18 12 Hygiene flushing 19 13 Discharges 19 14 Water management logbook 19 15 Record-keeping requirements for flushing and disinfection 20 Annexes A
5、nnex A (informative) Use of 50 mg/L chlorine concentration as a basis for disinfection 22 Bibliography 25 List of figures Figure 1 Contact time for chlorine at a given concentration time 13 Figure A.1 Percentage of chlorine present as HOCl as a function of pH and temperature 22 List of tables Table1
6、T ypical requirements for below-ground pipes 7 Table 2 Contact times for pH value of 7.6 and above 14 Table 3 Example cleaning verification tests that may be required within the water end use specification 21 Table A.1 Recommended contact times for various pHs 24 Summary of pages This document compr
7、ises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 28, an inside back cover and a back cover. PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 855468:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iForeword Publishing information This Published Document is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence from
8、The British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 September 2015. It was prepared by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Information about this document This Published Document has bee
9、n developed to build on the guidance previously given in BS 8558 on the flushing and disinfection of services supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages, which was regarded as beyond the scope of that British Standard. The intention is to eventually develop this as a Brit
10、ish Standard. A review of this Published Document will be carried out not later than five years after its publication. Informative annexes about the pH impact of various chlorine doses are planned for inclusion in a future revision of this Published Document or when it is converted to a British Stan
11、dard. Testing is currently being undertaken by Scottish Water. Any observations or comments will be welcomed. These should be sent to the Secretary of BSI Technical Committee EH/3 at BSI Head Office, at the address on the back cover. On the basis of the replies received, the responsible BSI Committe
12、e will judge whether the Published Document can be converted to a British Standard. Test laboratory accreditation. Users of this British Standard are advised to consider the desirability of selecting test laboratories that are accredited to BS EN ISO/IEC 17025 by a national or international accredit
13、ation body. Copyright is claimed on Figure A.1. Copyright holders are John Wiley Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 2002 2; REACH Regulation 3; The Water Fittings Regulations: The Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999, as amended, in England and Wales 4; The Water
14、 Supply (Water Fittings) (Scotland) Byelaws 2014, in Scotland 5; The Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009, in Northern Ireland 6; NOTE 1 These Regulations apply to requirements relating to plumbing systems in premises to which a supply of public water (municipal water su
15、pply) has been provided. The Water Quality Regulations: The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000, as amended, in England 7; The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2010, in Wales 8; The Public Water Supplies (Scotland) Regulations 2014, in Scotland 9; The Water Supply (Water Quality) R
16、egulations (Northern Ireland) 2007, as amended, in Northern Ireland 10; NOTE 2 These Regulations apply standards of wholesomeness to water provided from the public supply (municipal supply). The Private Water Supplies Regulations: The Private Water Supplies Regulations 2009, as amended, in England 1
17、1; The Private Water Supplies (Wales) Regulations 2010, as amended, in Wales 12; The Private Water Supplies (Scotland) Regulations 2006, as amended, in Scotland 13; The Private Water Supplies Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009, as amended, in Northern Ireland 14; NOTE 3 These Regulations apply stan
18、dards of wholesomeness to water provided from private water sources (non-municipal supply). The Water Industry Acts: Water Industry Act 1991, as amended, in England and Wales 15; Water (Scotland) Act 1980, as amended, in Scotland 16; The Water and Sewerage Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006, as
19、amended, in Northern Ireland 17. PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 855468:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iiiPUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 855468:2015 This page deliberately left blank iv The British Standards Institution 20151 Scope This Published Document provides guidance on cleaning, flushing and disinf
20、ection of services supplying water for domestic purposes within buildings and their curtilages, including those for the production of foods, but excluding closed systems or other industrial processes. NOTE 1 See the Water Quality Regulations 7, 8, 9 and 10 and BSRIA Guide 29-2012 18 for cleaning clo
21、sed systems. “Domestic purposes” refers to water used for drinking, washing, cooking and sanitation. The guidance is intended to help prepare new and existing systems for use and control microbiological growth in water systems for supply, storage and distribution, to ensure that: a) residues of cons
22、truction are adequately flushed from water distribution systems; b) appropriate water quality is achieved; c) appropriate disinfectants and processes are used; d) construction debris and dust are removed; e) risk of corrosion and damage to fixtures, fittings and sensitive plant is minimized; f) adeq
23、uate records of cleaning are produced; g) stagnation is avoided or managed; and h) appropriate tools and personnel are deployed for the relevant tasks. The guidance applies to: 1) initial commissioning of new or extended systems; 2) maintenance of existing systems; 3) alteration of existing systems;
24、 4) water quality management prior to occupation or as a result of low/no occupancy or usage; and 5) (remedial) response to microbiological problems is identified. NOTE 2 The techniques set out in this standard are also applicable to the management of premises and systems where water is provided fro
25、m a private supply. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
26、(including any amendments) applies. Standards publications BS 1427, Guide to on-site test methods for the analysis of waters BS 8550, Guide for the auditing of water quality sampling BS 8551, Provision and management of temporary water supplies and distribution networks (not including provisions for
27、 statutory emergencies) Code of practice BS 8554:2015, Code of practice for the sampling and monitoring of hot and cold water services in buildings PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 855468:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 1BS 8558:2015, Guide to the design, installation, testing and maintenance of se
28、rvices supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages Complementary guidance to BS EN 806 BS EN 806-4, Specifications for installations inside buildings conveying water for human consumption Part 4: Installation BS EN 901, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for hu
29、man consumption Sodium hypochlorite BS EN ISO 5667-1, Water quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques BS ISO 5667-21, Water quality Sampling Part 21: Guidance on sampling of drinking water distributed by tankers or means other than distribution pi
30、pes Other publications N1UK WATER. Principles of Water Supply Hygiene 1) N2FOOD STANDARDS AGENCY. Food Handlers: Fitness to Work. Regulatory Guidance and Best Practice Advice for Food Business Operators. Food Standards Agency. 2009. 2) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Published Docum
31、ent, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cistern fixed, vented container for holding water at atmospheric pressure SOURCE: BS 8558:2015, 3.1.5 NOTE A cistern is commonly referred to as a “cold water tank”. 3.2 chain of custody process that ensures the integrity of a sample is maintained a
32、nd traced from the point of sample collection until the sample reaches the laboratory, so that the sample is accounted for at all times NOTE A chain-of-custody document accompanies the sample from the time of collection till delivery to the laboratory. 3.3 cleansing flushing use of water for the rem
33、oval of: a) any debris and organic matter that encourage the growth of biofilms and subsequent deterioration of water quality; b) any excess of flux which can cause corrosion of copper pipes if left in place under conditions of low or no flow; or c) the residues of all disinfection NOTE Residues mig
34、ht include materials which could give rise to unacceptable concentrations of endotoxins and/or pyrogens (e.g. for water for haemodialysis, see BS ISO 13959). 1) Available at: http:/www.water.org.uk/publications/reports/principles-water-supply-hygiene viewed: 16 September 2015. 2) Available at: http:
35、/www.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/multimedia/pdfs/publication/ foodhandlersireland1009.pdf viewed: 16 September 2015. PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 855468:2015 2 The British Standards Institution 20153.4 commissioning process of bringing a new water system into operation 3.5 CT value product of the conce
36、ntration of a disinfectant (e.g. free chlorine) and the contact time with the water being disinfected NOTE Typically expressed in units of mg-min/L. 3.6 disinfection process which removes or renders inactive pathogenic microorganisms or parasites 3.7 distribution network core infrastructure providin
37、g water in an area to individual premises or for individual premises to be connected to 3.8 hygiene flushing drawing off water for the avoidance of stagnation 3.9 physical cleaning manual removal of physical contaminants or debris, e.g. cleaning of cistern covers 3.10 stagnation situation where ther
38、e is no or little flow and in which adverse quality changes can take place over a period of time 3.11 tank closed vessel holding water at greater than atmospheric pressure SOURCE: BS 8558:2015, 3.1.38 NOTE This term is often used to describe, incorrectly, a cold water cistern. 3.12 wholesome water w
39、ater that is of an acceptable biological, chemical and physical quality for drinking, cooking, food preparation or washing without any potential danger to human health NOTE National requirements are set out in the Water Quality Regulations 7, 8, 9 and 10 or the Private Water Supplies Regulations 11,
40、 12, 13 and 14, according to how the premises are supplied. These stipulate the criteria that the water needs to meet to protect human health and ensure user acceptability. The parameters include limits on: biological quality, including levels of bacteria and oocysts; chemical quality, including lev
41、els of metals, solvents, pesticides and hydrocarbons; and physical qualities, including turbidity, colour, taste and odour. PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 855468:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 34 Operational plan 4.1 Only appropriately competent people should work on water systems. Evidence of t
42、he competence of individuals undertaking the work should be confirmed, indicating that the knowledge and experience of the operatives is satisfactory for undertaking the proposed work. 4.2 Personnel working on water systems should follow the Water UK Principles of Water Supply Hygiene N1 or the Food
43、 Handlers: Fitness to Work Guidance N2 regarding medical screening and suitability to work on water systems, e.g. exclusion from the workplace. NOTE The Energy b) access/egress, storage and special site hazards, e.g. asbestos; c) machinery and equipment isolation; d) work in confined spaces; e) manu
44、al handling; f) work at height; g) slips, trips and falls; h) electrical equipment; i) chemical(s) to be used; j) need for personal protective equipment; k) a cistern hatch not being sealed and locked after disinfection; or l) waste disposal and chemical neutralizing process (a discharge permit migh
45、t be required from the water utility). 3) https:/www.eusr.co.uk/eusr/the-eusr-card/the-national-water-hygiene-card viewed: 16 September 2015. 4) https:/www.watersafe.org.uk/ viewed: 16 September 2015. PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 855468:2015 4 The British Standards Institution 20154.7 The concentration of
46、disinfectant to be used should be predefined based on the materials, manufacturers instructions, operation conditions and end use. NOTE The client ought to have determined if cisterns storing water for domestic purposes are made from, or lined with, material that is verified as suitable for contact
47、with drinking water, such as those listed by WRAS in the Water Fittings and Materials Directory 19 or with supporting documentation demonstrating conformity to BS 6920-1 and the appropriate corresponding components. 4.8 If neutralizing agents are used, a process should be implemented to ensure that
48、the water storage cistern is not overdosed and that no residual neutralizing agent is left in the water storage cistern or associated system on completion of the disinfection. 4.9 To ensure that only those parts of the system that are to be disinfected are treated, as-fitted or schematic diagrams of
49、 the water system should be consulted. 4.10 Only biocides and materials appearing in the List of Approved Products for use in Public Water Supply in the United Kingdom published by the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) 20 should be used in contact with water. NOTE The only controlled version of this document can be accessed on the DWI Website. 5) Printed copies of this document, together with electronic cop
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