1、BSI Standards Publication PD CEN/TR 15728:2016 Design and use of inserts for lifting and handling of precast concrete elementsPD CEN/TR 15728:2016 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15728:2016. It supersedes PD CEN/TR 15728:2008 which is w
2、ithdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/524, Precast concrete products. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a c
3、ontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 89849 5 ICS 91.100.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published und
4、er the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2016. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD CEN/TR 15728:2016TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15728 February 2016 ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes CEN/TR 15728:2008 English Version Des
5、ign and use of inserts for lifting and handling of precast concrete elements Conception et utilisation dinserts pour le levage et la manutention du bton prfabriqu - lments Bemessung und Anwendung von Transportankern fr Betonfertigteile - Elemente This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 July
6、2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 229. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
7、 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue
8、 Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15728:2016 EPD CEN/TR 15728:2016 CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 1 Scope 5 1.1 General 5 1.2 Types of inserts for lift
9、ing and handling . 5 1.3 Minimum dimensions 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions and symbols . 6 3.1 Definitions . 6 3.2 Symbols . 8 3.2.1 Action and resistance 8 3.2.2 Concrete and steel . 8 3.2.3 Inserts 9 4 Basis of design 9 4.1 General 9 4.2 Required verifications . 9 4.3 Design Pr
10、inciples . 9 4.3.1 Limit state design 9 4.3.2 Ultimate limit state . 9 4.3.3 Admissible load design 10 4.4 Verification . 11 4.4.1 General . 11 4.4.2 Partial factor method (Ultimate limit state) 11 5 Actions on inserts . 12 5.1 General . 12 5.2 Effect of lifting procedures on load directions 13 5.3
11、Actions from adhesion and form friction 14 5.4 Dynamic actions 15 5.5 Combined actions . 16 6 Design of lifting inserts and anchorage in concrete by calculation . 16 6.1 General conditions . 16 6.2 Types of inserts covered 17 6.2.1 Inserts independently placed on the market . 17 6.2.2 Inserts made b
12、y the precaster . 19 6.3 General design . 19 6.3.1 Failure modes 19 6.3.2 Design procedures . 20 6.3.3 Unreinforced concrete . 20 6.3.4 Reinforced concrete 22 6.4 Lifting inserts . 24 6.4.1 General design . 24 6.4.2 Lifting loops of smooth bars . 24 6.4.3 Lifting loops of strands . 26 6.4.4 Lifting
13、loops of steel wire ropes 26 6.5 Lifting of walls and linear elements 27 PD CEN/TR 15728:2016 CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 3 6.5.1 General . 27 6.5.2 Minimum thickness of wall or element 28 6.5.3 Anchorage reinforcement 28 6.6 Lifting of slabs and pipes 30 6.6.1 Minimum edge distances . 30 6.6.2 Anchorage
14、reinforcement 30 7 Design of lifting inserts and anchorage in concrete by testing 31 7.1 General conditions . 31 7.2 Specification of specimens 32 7.2.1 Areas of application . 32 7.2.2 Design of test specimen 32 7.2.3 Age of concrete specimen at testing . 34 7.2.4 Specification of inserts 34 7.3 Loa
15、ding conditions . 34 7.3.1 Load and support conditions 34 7.3.2 Loading history 35 7.3.3 Measurements . 35 7.4 Test programs 35 7.4.1 General . 35 7.4.2 Tests to verify prior knowledge 36 7.4.3 Tests utilizing no prior knowledge Determination of properties for one insert used for specific applicatio
16、ns . 36 7.5 Assessment of the test results 36 7.6 Test report 36 7.6.1 General information 36 7.6.2 Test members 37 7.6.3 Installation of the insert . 37 7.6.4 Measured values . 37 7.6.5 Evaluation report 38 8 Lifting and handling instructions . 38 Annex A (informative) Information to be given by th
17、e insert supplier . 39 A.1 Information on the content of an operational manual 39 Annex B (informative) Use of Suppliers recommendations 42 Bibliography . 43 PD CEN/TR 15728:2016 CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 15728:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/
18、TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This document supersedes CEN/TR 15728:2008. To ensure the performance of the precast concrete products, lifting and handling should be taken into account in the design of the product. Inserts are used for lifting and hand
19、ling of precast elements. They should meet an appropriate degree of reliability. They should sustain all actions and influences likely to occur during execution and use. This Technical Report deals with lifting inserts cast into precast concrete elements. The intent of this document is to give infor
20、mation to precast product designers. The failure of inserts for lifting and handling could cause risk to human life and/or lead to considerable economic consequences. Therefore inserts for lifting and handling should be selected and installed properly by skilled personnel according to the lifting an
21、d handling instructions. This Technical Report based on current practices gives recommendations for correct choice and design of lifting inserts according to the lifting capacity of their part embedded in the concrete. It is based on EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2), EN 1993-1-1 (Eurocode 3), CEN/TS 1992-4-
22、1 and on published suppliers data. Safety levels should be determined nationally. In the Technical Report numerical values for safety factors as used in different CEN member states are given for information and are recommended as basic values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They hav
23、e been selected assuming that an appropriate level of workmanship and of quality management (Factory Production Control) applies. They may be applied in the absence of national regulations. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
24、rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 15728:2016 CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 General This Technical Report provides recommendations for the choice and use of cast-in steel lifting inserts, hereafter called inserts fo
25、r the handling of precast concrete elements. They are intended for use only during transient situations for lifting and handling, and not for the service life of the structure. The choice of insert is made according to the lifting capacity of their part embedded in the concrete, or may be limited by
26、 the capacity of the insert itself and the corresponding key declared by the insert manufacturer. The report covers commonly used applications (walls/beams/columns and solid slabs and pipes). The range of these applications is further limited to prevent other types of failure than concrete breakout
27、failure (cone failure), bond failure, failure of reinforcement or failure in the steel insert. Due to lack of information this report does not cover double shell walls, floor plates and beams for beam-and-block floor systems. The safety levels are given for information and are intended for short-ter
28、m-handling and transient situations. This Technical Report applies only to precast concrete elements made of normal weight concrete and manufactured in a factory environment and under a factory production control (FPC) system (in accordance with EN 13369:2013, 6.3) covering the insert embedment. Thi
29、s Technical Report does not cover: the design of the lifting inserts independently placed on the market; lifting inserts for permanent and repeated use. This Technical Report is prepared based on the fact that the anchorage in the concrete of parts of the lifting assembly is governed by the Construc
30、tion Products Regulation. Lifting accessories independently placed on the market are governed by the Machinery Directive. 1.2 Types of inserts for lifting and handling This Technical Report applies to the embedment of lifting inserts. Devices made by the precaster may consist of smooth bars, prestre
31、ssing strands, steel plates with anchorage or steel wire ropes. The system devices may be e.g. internal threaded inserts, flat steel inserts and headed inserts. Lifting loops of ribbed bars are not covered. 1.3 Minimum dimensions This Technical Report applies in general to inserts with a minimum nom
32、inal diameter of 6 mm or the corresponding cross section. In general, the minimum anchorage depth should be h ef = 40 mm. Wire ropes of diameter less than 6 mm are not covered. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are in
33、dispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1990:2002, Eurocode - Basis of structural design PD CEN/TR 15728:2016 CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 6 EN 1992-1-
34、1:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 1993-1-1:2005, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 10025-2, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions
35、for non-alloy structural steels EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications EN 13369:2013, Common rules for precast concrete products EN 13414-1, Steel wire rope slings Safety Part 1: Slings for general lifting service 3 Terms and definitions and symbo
36、ls For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions and symbols apply. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 concrete breakout failure concrete cone separated from the base material by loading the insert 3.1.2 concrete breakout resistance resistance corresponding to a concrete cone surrounding
37、 the insert or group of inserts separating from the member 3.1.3 edge distance distance from the edge of the concrete surface to the centre of the nearest insert 3.1.4 anchorage length for cast-in headed insert bolts and splayed inserts is illustrated in Figure 1 Figure 1 Examples of anchorage lengt
38、h for different types of inserts 3.1.5 embedment depth distance from the concrete surface to the farthest point of insert, measured perpendicular to the concrete surface PD CEN/TR 15728:2016 CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 7 3.1.6 Factory Production Control FPC quality system satisfying the requirements in EN
39、 13369:2013, 6.3 3.1.7 headed insert steel insert with a head for anchorage installed before placing concrete 3.1.8 insert steel unit cast into concrete and used for lifting of precast elements 3.1.9 insert loading axial, shear or combined - Loads applied to the insert 3.1.10 insert resistance load
40、capacity (characteristic value) of the part of the insert embedded in the concrete (different from maximum working load of the insert see 3.1.13). In this report, the wording “characteristic resistance” is sometimes used 3.1.11 lifting system system of lifting key and appropriate insert 3.1.12 maxim
41、um working load maximum load guaranteed by the supplier before steel failure, reduced by application of the relevant safety coefficient and marked on a lifting key or system (from Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC) 3.1.13 precaster producer of precast concrete elements in a factory environment 3.1.14 p
42、ullout failure failure mode in which the insert pulls out of the concrete without a steel failure and without a concrete breakout failure 3.1.15 side-face blow-out resistance resistance of inserts with deeper embedment but thinner side cover corresponding to concrete spalling on the side face around
43、 the embedded head while no major breakout occurs at the top concrete surface 3.1.16 insert steel failure failure mode characterised by fracture of one of the steel insert parts 3.1.17 minimum reinforcement reinforcement required by EN 1992-1-1 or in national annex (Nationally Determined Parameter)
44、PD CEN/TR 15728:2016 CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 8 3.1.18 anchorage reinforcement reinforcement designed to resist the full load in case of a concrete failure 3.1.19 supplier manufacturer of lifting inserts brought to the market or its authorized distributor 3.2 Symbols 3.2.1 Action and resistance E d des
45、ign value of actions acting on a single insert; N Rk characteristic value of resistance of a single insert; N Rd design value of resistance of a single insert; q adh adhesion; dyn dynamic coefficient; load partial factor for loads; l+h partial factor for lifting and handling effects; c partial facto
46、r for concrete; s partial factor for steel. 3.2.2 Concrete and steel A s stressed cross section of steel; f ck characteristic compressive strength of concrete (strength class) measured on cylinders (150 x 300) mm; f yk characteristic steel yield strength or steel proof strength respectively; f tk ch
47、aracteristic ultimate strength of steel; f 0,1k characteristic strength at the 0,1 limit for prestressing steel; F p0,1 specified characteristic value of 0,1 % proof force, defined by prEN 101383:2000; F min F min is the minimum breaking force of the rope, in kilonewtons, defined by EN 134141; f yd
48、and f cd design values of stress; F pd design value of force in prestressing strand; f pd design value of stress in prestressing strand; F yd design value of force in wire ropes. PD CEN/TR 15728:2016 CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 9 3.2.3 Inserts Notation and symbols frequently used in this technical report
49、are given below. Other notation and symbols are given in the text. a edge distance from the axis of an insert. diameter of insert bolt or thread diameter. h diameter of insert head (headed inserts). s diameter of reinforcing bar. h ef anchorage length (Figure 1). 4 Basis of design 4.1 General Inserts for lifting and handling should sustain all actions and influences likely to occur during execution and use, thus preventing any structural failure (ultimate limit state). They should not deform to an inadmissible degree (serviceability limi
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