BS PD CEN TR 81-12-2014 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts Basics and interpretations Use of EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 in specific markets《电梯制造和安装用安全规.pdf

1、BSI Standards Publication PD CEN/TR 81-12:2014 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts Basics and interpretations Part 12: Use of EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 in specific marketsPD CEN/TR 81-12:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of

2、 CEN/TR 81-12:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/4, Lifts, hoists and escalators. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary prov

3、isions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 86208 3 ICS 91.140.90 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was

4、published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD CEN/TR 81-12:2014TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 81-12 October 2014 ICS 91.140.90 English Version Safety rules for t

5、he construction and installation of lifts - Basics and interpretations - Part 12: Use of EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 in specific markets Rgles de scurit pour la construction et linstallation des lvateurs - Fondamentaux et interprtations - Partie 12: Utilisation des normes EN 81-20 et EN 81-50 dans les mar

6、chs spcifiques Sicherheitsregeln fr die Konstruktion und den Einbau von Aufzgen - Grundlagen und Auslegungen - Teil 12: Anwendung der EN 81-20 und EN 81-50 in bestimmten Mrkten This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 September 2014. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 10. C

7、EN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,

8、 Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in

9、any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 81-12:2014 EPD CEN/TR 81-12:2014 CEN/TR 81-12:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 List of significant hazards 5 5 Guidance for the us

10、e of EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 .5 5.1 Use of the words “shall”, “should”, “may” and “can” 5 5.2 Importance of notes and annexes6 5.3 Importance of assumptions 6 5.4 Negotiations .6 5.4.1 General 6 5.4.2 Car use and loading conditions .6 5.5 Environmental Considerations .7 5.6 Rationales for different lo

11、ading conditions 7 5.7 Good engineering practice .8 5.8 Authorized persons, where these persons require certification 9 5.9 Passenger capacity .9 5.10 References to EN standards 10 5.11 Specific National Requirements 15 5.11.1 Applicability of EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 in countries and jurisdictions enf

12、orcing other standards . 15 5.11.2 Safe access to machinery spaces (particularly machine and pulley rooms) . 15 5.11.3 Emergency lighting. 15 5.11.4 Sprinkler systems . 15 5.11.5 Specific restrictions . 15 Annex A (informative) Correlation table between EN 81-1, EN 81-2 and EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 16

13、A.1 Introduction . 16 A.2 Correlation between EN 81-1 and EN 81-2, and EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 . 16 PD CEN/TR 81-12:2014 CEN/TR 81-12:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 81-12:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 10 “Lifts, escalators and moving walks”, the secretariat of which

14、is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 81-12:2014 CEN/TR 81-12:2014 (E) 4 Introduction EN 81-20 a

15、nd EN 81-50 or their technical requirements are widely used not only in Europe 1 )and neighbouring countries but also in many regions and countries around the world. It is recognized that each region or country has its own legislative framework and practices that may influence the implementation of

16、those standards or requirements. This document has been developed in order to facilitate and encourage continued widespread use of EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 as a whole or their technical requirements. This document also provides guidance for use and implementation of those standards in the countries out

17、side Europe while pointing out main issues in a specific region or a country. 1)For the purpose of this document, Europe is considered as CEN member countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

18、Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey and United Kingdom PD CEN/TR 81-12:2014 CEN/TR 81-12:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report gives guida

19、nce to users, primarily those outside Europe, in order to enable them to apply EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 so far as is reasonably practical, while recognizing specific socio-economic needs or national legislation in their country. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are n

20、ormatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 81-20:2014, Safety rules for the construction and insta

21、llation of lifts - Lifts for the transport of persons and goods - Part 20: Passenger and goods passenger lifts EN 81-50:2014, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Examinations and tests - Part 50: Design rules, calculations, examinations and tests of lift components 3 Terms

22、and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions found in EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 apply. 4 List of significant hazards For the purposes of this document, the list of significant hazards found in EN 81-20 and EN 81-50 are applicable. 5 Guidance for the use of EN 81-20 and EN

23、 81-50 5.1 Use of the words “shall”, “should”, “may” and “can” “shall” is used to express a requirement of a standard. If compliance with the standard is claimed, compliance with all the expressions with “shall” is required. EXAMPLE 1 “All assignments shall be documented.” “should” is used to expres

24、s recommendations. EXAMPLE 2 “Care should be taken after preparation to prevent contamination. If contamination occurs ” “may” in a standard indicates that the standard is giving permission. EXAMPLE 3 “One connection may have many channels.” “can” describes a possibility. EXAMPLE 4 “This product can

25、 be subjected to external climatic conditions.” PD CEN/TR 81-12:2014 CEN/TR 81-12:2014 (E) 6 5.2 Importance of notes and annexes A “note” within a CEN standard is not a technical requirement but advice given by the committee responsible for producing the standard with the intention of making the poi

26、nt clearer to understand. “Informative annexes” are also considered as guidance and while they may contain specific measurable values such as dimensions, light and noise levels, these are still only advisory and therefore cannot be demanded to be respected for compliance to the standard. Where an an

27、nex is stated to be “Normative”, its content is part of the relevant requirements stated in the core of the standard. If compliance with the standard is claimed, compliance with the annex is required. Notes and informative annexes are often connected to either National Regulations with regard to how

28、 the standard is adopted or to the negotiations which should be carried out between the lift supplier and the person placing the order for the equipment. 5.3 Importance of assumptions EN 81-20 is intended for use by technical professionals that have a general knowledge of lift technology. As it is n

29、ot possible to describe all possible aspects and circumstances of how the standard may be used, the assumptions define the environment and the boundaries for application of the standard. An assumption defines, up to a certain degree, the foundation of the standard and how assumptions shall be consid

30、ered when applying the standard. However, they are not requirements of the standard and as such the compliance with those assumptions is not required. 5.4 Negotiations 5.4.1 General EN 81-20 assumes the party supplying the lift and the party responsible for the end use of the lift take part in negot

31、iations to ensure that the supplied product is fit for purpose and used in the intended manner. These negotiations would normally include such items as the use of the lift as a passenger or goods/passenger lift, the means of loading, the goods to be carried, etc. 5.4.2 Car use and loading conditions

32、 EN 81-20 gives three basic usage conditions to be reflected when designing the car frame, sill and guides; Passenger use = 40 % of the rated load applied to the car door sill; Goods/Passenger use = 60 % of the rated load applied to the car door sill; Heavy Goods use = 85 % of the rated load applied

33、 to the car door sill. In some countries outside Europe it is more common for the lift owner to specify the intended use according to predetermined loading classifications, e.g. those given in the ASME A17.1/CSA B44 standard. However in some regions outside Europe these are more commonly known by ot

34、her descriptions such as: Class 1 - Passenger and general goods loading: applies when the load is distributed, the mass of any single piece of goods or any single hand truck and its load is not greater than 25 % of the rated load of the lift and the load is handled on and off the car platform manual

35、ly or by means of hand trucks; PD CEN/TR 81-12:2014 CEN/TR 81-12:2014 (E) 7 Class 2 - Heavy goods loading: applies to heavy goods loading exceeding class 1, power or hand trucks are used for carrying the load in transit or for loading/unloading or for concentrated loads; However, great care should b

36、e taken when using such classifications as they can be specific to the region such as those previously used in Europe for the design of guide rails etc. Examples are as follows: Class A Passenger and general goods loading; Class B Motor vehicle loading; Class C Heavy goods loading. The purpose of th

37、ese designations is to ensure the designer and manufacturer are fully aware of the conditions under which the lift will be used and adapt their designs appropriately to ensure a satisfactory robustness and service life. Therefore regardless of the actual descriptors of these usage conditions is it v

38、ital that adequate negotiations take place between the supplier and purchaser to ensure that the delivered product is suitable for its intended use. 5.5 Environmental Considerations Some countries have specific requirements with regard to machinery space and lift well heating and ventilation due to

39、their climate. At present the normal operating temperature limits are specified in the assumptions EN 81-20 as +5 C to +40 C (degrees Celsius) as part of normal operational conditions. This is both as a means of equipment protection and as a limit to the working environment for lift personnel (see I

40、EC 60364-5-51, Code AA5). EN 81-50 requires specific environmental conditions to be considered (e.g. exposure to UV and humidity for polyurethane buffers). Some countries may have higher or lower ambient temperatures, altitude and other environmental considerations which may or may not affect the eq

41、uipment, or to which the lift personnel have become acclimatised, or parameters which are specified by National Regulation. Such situations should form part of the negotiations between supplier of the lift and purchaser. 5.6 Rationales for different loading conditions EN 81-20 refers to several load

42、ing conditions: 100 % of the rated load: indicating fully loaded car under normal running conditions 110 % of the rated load: maximum loading before the overload sensor is activated, the lift being kept stationary at the floor level. This is to prevent that lift from moving under the overload condit

43、ions. 125 % of the rated loading: maximum overloading that may occur and causing lift movement under overload conditions. Relevant lift components such as machine brakes and safety gear to be capable of stopping the moving lift with specified deceleration rate or keeping the speed of the lift within

44、 a specified margin. For hydraulic and positive drive, safety gear may be tested with 100 % of rated load. As the design of the lift is based on the worst case scenario, i.e. 125 % overload, there is no need to consider lower overload situations in the calculations. The lift is then subjected to var

45、ious tests on site at rated speed with loads of up to 125 % in order to verify the design and installation. See EN 81-20:2014, 6.3. PD CEN/TR 81-12:2014 CEN/TR 81-12:2014 (E) 8 5.7 Good engineering practice Good engineering practice is essential to ensure the safety of lift equipment. It should take

46、 into account all service conditions and failure modes. It should embrace the expectations and considerations to be taken into account for design of a lift component. Below are some relevant factors: a) for every calculation of a design all probable load cases need to be defined and several assumpti

47、ons should be made specific to the issue under consideration; b) these assumptions should be based on commonly understood technical and engineering theory and practice and on the experience of the experts responsible for the design. For example, the dynamic factor in the case of counterweight jump w

48、hen the empty car is stopped by the safety gear, the frictional forces imparted on the guide brackets in case of safety gear application through guide clips or the support of driving machines on structural steel members according to deflection criteria, etc.; c) the load spectrum and frequencies of

49、different loads should be defined. From this it should be decided which lead to endurance/fatigue stresses and which are occasionally applied loads which lead to corresponding stresses; d) tolerances of parts, friction factors and possible variations during assembly need to be considered, e.g. tightening torque of fasteners to be defined; e) the probability of a combination of worst cases of all influences should be described, considering that the simple combination of all worst assumptions may lead to unnecessarily heavy designs in some cases