BS PD CEN TS 14417-2014 Geosynthetic barriers Test method for the determination of the influence of wetting-drying cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriers.pdf

1、BSI Standards Publication PD CEN/TS 14417:2014 Geosynthetic barriers Test method for the determination of the influence of wetting-drying cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriersPD CEN/TS 14417:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation

2、 of CEN/ TS 14417:2014. It supersedes DD CEN/TS 14417:2005 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/553, Geotextiles and geomembranes. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This pub

3、lication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 85549 8 ICS 59.080.70 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer im

4、munity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD CEN/TS 14417:2014TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATIO

5、N CEN/TS 14417 October 2014 ICS 59.080.70 Supersedes CEN/TS 14417:2005 English Version Geosynthetic barriers - Test method for the determination of the influence of wetting-drying cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriers Gosynthtiques bentonitiques - Mthode dessai pour la dterminatio

6、n de linfluence de cycles humidification/dessiccation sur la permabilit des gosynthtiques bentonitiques Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Einflusses von Nass-Trocken-Zyklen auf die Wasserdurchlssigkeit von geosynthetischen Tondichtungsbahnen This Technical Specificati

7、on (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 21 July 2014 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into

8、 a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until

9、 the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ice

10、land, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Mana

11、gement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 14417:2014 EPD CEN/TS 14417:2014 CEN/TS 14417:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative refer

12、ences 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle 5 5 Apparatus .5 6 Reagent .6 7 Procedure .6 7.1 Specimen preparation .6 7.2 Specimen hydration 6 7.3 Specimen drying 7 7.4 Specimen cooling 7 7.5 Repetition .7 7.6 Preparation of specimen for flux testing .7 8 Calculation and expression of results .8 8

13、1 Recording of data 8 8.2 Calculation and expression of results .8 9 Test report 8 PD CEN/TS 14417:2014 CEN/TS 14417:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 14417:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. Attention is drawn

14、 to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 14417:2005. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the natio

15、nal standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,

16、 Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 14417:2014 CEN/TS 14417:2014 (E) 4 Introduction This Technical Specification defines a method for testing the influence ratio of wet

17、ting-drying cycles on the flux through clay geosynthetic barriers. Such resistance is a requirement for many uses of these products. The influence ratio is an indication of the behaviour of the product when exposed to repeated wetting and drying cycles in earth constructions. The flux of saturated c

18、lay geosynthetic barriers may increase after exposure to repeated wetting-drying cycles. The Technical Specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and heal

19、th practices and to comply with any regulations or legislation regardless of the wording in the technical specification. The flux determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of clay geosynthetic barriers. This test determines the influence of wetti

20、ng-drying cycles in the absence of any other phenomenon, for example cation exchange. PD CEN/TS 14417:2014 CEN/TS 14417:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification describes an index test to determine the influence ratio of wetting-drying cycles on the flux through saturated clay geosynthetic ba

21、rrier specimens. This test method is applicable to GBR-C products with no additional sealing layers attached. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edi

22、tion cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16416, Geosynthetic clay barriers Determination of water flux index Flexible wall permeameter method at constant head EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Spec

23、ification and test methods (ISO 3696) EN ISO 10320, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Identification on site (ISO 10320) ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following term and definition

24、 applies. 3.1 influence ratio ratio of the flux of a specimen exposed to wetting-drying cycles to that of the flux through an unexposed reference specimen, expressed in percent 4 Principle The flux through 100 mm diameter clay geosynthetic barrier (GBR-C) specimens is determined with a flexible wall

25、 permeameter both on a specimen exposed to wetting-drying cycles and on an unexposed reference specimen. A specimen either square with an edge length not less than 200 mm or circular with a diameter not less than 200 mm to a tolerance of 0,5 % is saturated under a pressure of (4 0,2) kPa for 48 h at

26、 constant room temperature. After saturation, the sample is dried under a pressure of (4 0,2) kPa in an oven at 110 C for 24 h. After the drying period the sample is allowed to cool to room temperature under a pressure of (4 0,2) kPa for a minimum of 24 h. This wetting-drying cycle is performed four

27、 times before cutting the test specimen. Test this specimen and the unexposed reference specimen in accordance with EN 16416. 5 Apparatus The apparatus shall consist of the following: a template of known dimensions to a tolerance of 0,5 % either square with an edge length not less than 200 mm or cir

28、cular with a diameter not less than 200 mm, a waterproof box large enough to accommodate the specimen, PD CEN/TS 14417:2014 CEN/TS 14417:2014 (E) 6 a rigid chemically inert pressure plate of the same dimensions as the specimen, and not less than 10 mm thick, sufficient weights to exert a pressure of

29、 (4 0,2) kPa on the specimen (allowing for the weight of the pressure plate), a mechanically bonded nonwoven geotextile with a mass per unit area of (250 50) g/m 2 . 6 Reagent De-ionized water in accordance with EN ISO 3696, grade 3. 7 Procedure 7.1 Specimen preparation Inspect the bulk clay geosynt

30、hetic barrier specimen to be tested and record any disturbance, irregularity or damage. Choose two representative sections of the specimen for testing, one for the reference specimen and one for the test specimen to be submitted to the wetting-drying cycles. Place the template on the selected sectio

31、n. Cut the specimens to the exact size of the template with a sharp knife or any other suitable instrument. Remove the specimens carefully to avoid loss of bentonite. The specimen size may be limited by safety restrictions on the total mass of the weights where these are to be transported manually.

32、Seal the edges of the clay geosynthetic barrier specimens with waterproof tape or self-adhesive aluminium foil to prevent bentonite loss during further handling. 7.2 Specimen hydration Fill a waterproof box with de-ionized water. Place a piece of mechanically bonded nonwoven geotextile with a mass p

33、er unit area of (250 50) g/m 2on the bottom of the box and manually remove any air bubbles. Place the GBR-C sample on the nonwoven and then put a further piece of similar nonwoven geotextile on top of the GBR-C and manually remove any air bubbles. Place a pressure plate on the “sandwich” of specimen

34、s. Place weights on the pressure plate to obtain a required pressure of (4 0,2) kPa. PD CEN/TS 14417:2014 CEN/TS 14417:2014 (E) 7 Key 1 dead load 2 pressure plate 3 GBR-C sample 4 mechanically bonded nonwoven geotextile 5 waterproof box Figure 1 GBR-C hydration setup NOTE The use of drainage mats in

35、stead of nonwoven geotextile results in unevenness in the surface of GBR-Cs. This could lead to incorrect measurements. Add de-ionized water to the box so that the water level is not above the top of the pressure plate. In order to maintain the GBR-C specimen submerged, add de-ionized water at the r

36、ate at which it is absorbed by the GBR-C specimen. Keep the specimen submerged at room temperature and at a pressure of (4 0,2) kPa. 7.3 Specimen drying After 48 h, remove the excess water from the box. Preheat the oven to (110 5) C. Move the box containing the test specimen with the weights and the

37、 top plate to the drying oven. Allow the specimen to dry for 24 h. 7.4 Specimen cooling After the drying period allow the exposed specimen to cool for a minimum of 24 h at room temperature selected according to ISO 554 without adding any water unless it can be shown that omitting this point has no i

38、nfluence on the test result. 7.5 Repetition Repeat steps from 7.2 to 7.4 a further three times. 7.6 Preparation of specimen for flux testing Remove the weights and the nonwoven geotextile pieces and the clay geosynthetic barrier specimen from the box and carefully place the specimen on a flat smooth

39、 surface. Take a (100 2) mm diameter specimen and perform the test in accordance with EN 16416. Perform the test in accordance with EN 16416 on an unexposed reference specimen. PD CEN/TS 14417:2014 CEN/TS 14417:2014 (E) 8 8 Calculation and expression of results 8.1 Recording of data The following da

40、ta shall be recorded for each test: a) the duration of the different conditioning periods (saturation, wetting, drying); b) all flux values determined and the corresponding time periods. 8.2 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the influence ratio R of wetting-drying cycles as follows: 10

41、0 test reference () q R q = where q testis the flux value (in m 3 /(m 2 .s) of the test specimen after exposure to the wetting-drying cycles; q referenceis the flux value (in m 3 /(m 2 .s) of the reference specimen. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) number and

42、 date of this standard; b) identification of the sample in accordance with EN ISO 10320, date of receipt and date of testing; c) conditioning atmosphere; d) the results obtained, expressed in accordance with 8.2; e) any deviation from the test procedure. This page deliberately left blankBSI is the n

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