1、PD CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 Ambient air Measurement of bioaerosols Part 2: Planning and evaluation of plant- related plume measurements BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06PD CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is
2、the UK implementation of CEN/ TS 16115-2:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/2/3, Ambient Atmospheres. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all
3、 the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 90168 3 ICS 13.040.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Publ
4、ished Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dPD CEN/TS 16115-2:2016TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16115-2
5、 December 2016 ICS 13.040.20 English Version Ambient air - Measurement of bioaerosols - Part 2: Planning and evaluation of plant-related plume measurements Qualit de lair ambiant - Mesurage de bioarosols - Partie 2 : Planification et valuation des mesurages dans le panache de fume des installations
6、industrielles Auenluft - Messen von Bioaerosolen - Teil 2: Planung und Auswertung von anlagenbezogenen Fahnenmessungen This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 5 October 2016 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. A
7、fter two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available pro
8、mptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
9、 Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlan
10、d, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Mem
11、bers. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 EPD CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Key principles of sampling and assessment 9 5 Measurement objective and applications . 10 5.1 Gener
12、al . 10 5.2 Indicative applications . 10 6 Relevant plants . 11 7 Measurement parameters. 12 8 Meteorological conditions 12 8.1 General . 12 8.2 Determination of meteorological conditions prior to the ambient air measurement . 13 8.3 Determination of meteorological conditions during the ambient air
13、measurement . 13 9 Determination of upwind concentration . 13 10 Measurement strategy for plume measurements 14 10.1 General . 14 10.2 Principle and objective of plume measurements . 15 10.3 Contextual information 15 11 Measurement area, sampling locations and siting 16 11.1 General . 16 11.2 Measur
14、ement area . 16 11.3 Sampling locations: Siting . 16 11.3.1 General . 16 11.3.2 Sampling location: Siting for point sources 16 11.3.3 Sampling location: Siting for area sources and extended sources . 18 11.3.4 Sampling location: Siting for central traverse model . 20 11.3.5 Sampling location: Siting
15、 in the case of cold air drainage . 20 12 Measurement period, sampling frequency and sampling duration 20 13 Evaluation . 21 14 Measurement report . 21 15 Quality assurance . 22 15.1 Plausibility check of individual values . 22 15.2 Quality criteria 22 16 Limitations 22 Annex A (informative) Measure
16、ment parameter and indicator organisms 23 A.1 General . 23 PD CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 (E) 3 A.2 Notes on the use of Table A.1 23 Annex B (informative) Determination of the measurement parameter-specific mean impact range 29 B.1 General . 29 B.2 Median concentration mean impact . 29 B
17、.3 Determination of mean impact range . 29 B.4 Arithmetic mean of upwind concentration . 31 B.5 Determination of receptor-oriented plant impact . 31 B.6 Assessment of a potential plant-related impact 31 B.7 Sensitive receptor and determination of peak concentration . 32 B.8 Example calculation . 32
18、B.8.1 General . 32 B.8.2 Fan measurement . 33 B.8.3 Central traverse measurement 35 B.8.4 Comparison of results of both methods 36 B.9 Software . 36 B.9.1 General . 36 B.9.2 Application instructions . 37 Annex C (informative) Minimum requirements for plume measurements . 38 C.1 General . 38 C.2 Mini
19、mum requirements for the determination of the spatial concentration distribution . 38 C.3 Minimum requirements for the determination of the median to calculate the mean impact range . 38 C.4 Minimum requirements for the determination of the 96th percentile concentration . 38 C.5 Minimum requirements
20、 for the determination of the arithmetic mean 39 Annex D (informative) Documentation of measurement preparation (measurement plan) 40 Bibliography . 41 PD CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (CEN/TS 16115-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/
21、TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. CEN/TS 16115 consists of several parts
22、 dealing with the determination of bioaerosols in ambient air: Part 1: Determination of moulds using filter sampling systems and culture-based analyses; Part 2: Planning and evaluation of plant-related plume measurements. The basic requirements of the determination of bioaerosols are first published
23、 as Technical Specifications. The precision and the performance characteristics of bioaerosol measurements should be determined in comparison and validation trials in order to validate the method(s). Based on the validation results the Technical Specifications can be transferred to European Standard
24、s. For this purpose it is intended to apply for mandated support by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association using the Technical Specifications as a basis for validation measurements. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of th
25、e following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Ne
26、therlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 (E) 5 Introduction Airborne particles of biological origin are called bioaerosols. Natural and anthropogenic sources for bioaerosols
27、 are widely distributed in the environment. Anthropogenic sources can for example be agriculture or waste treatment activities. The purpose the measurement planning here described is to determine the mean plant- and/or source- related impact range of microbial air pollutants. As it has so far not be
28、en possible to set limit values based on dose-response relationships, the mean impact range is to be used as a criterion for assessing the environmental impact of a plant. The scale of work for the plume measurements here described is necessary to obtain statistically representative data about the i
29、mpact range of the plant and/or source, taking into account the great variety of influencing factors. Whilst a reduced measurement effort is possible in principle, this will lead to an increased measurement uncertainty. The objective of measurement planning is to analyse a given measurement problem
30、and derive the associated requirements for organization, the measurement method, the sampling strategy, the evaluation of the measured data, quality assurance and reporting. The requirements set out in this technical specification are to ensure that plant-related ambient air measurements of microbia
31、l air pollution are planned in such a way as to enable a given task to be processed with sufficient accuracy and at justifiable cost. The aim is to ensure that the measured data obtained meet the applicable standards for representativeness and hence, enable maximum possible comparability. The proced
32、ure described in this document is based on VDI 4251 Part 1 1. PD CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 (E) 6 1 Scope This document describes the general requirements to be taken into account in planning and implementing plant-related plume measurements of microbial air pollutants. A basic principl
33、e of this method is to compare the concentrations in air unaffected by the activities of the plant (i.e. background air sampled upwind of the plant) with the concentration of bioaerosols in air downwind of the plant. It is this comparison that allows an assessment of the plant-related contribution a
34、nd the mean spatial impact range to be made. As it has so far not been possible to set limit values based on dose-response relationships, the mean impact range is to be used as a first criterion for assessing the environmental impact of a plant. The scale of work for the plume measurements described
35、 is necessary to obtain statistically representative data about the impact range of the plant and/or source, taking into account the great variety of influencing factors. Plant-related measurements of bioaerosol concentrations in ambient air may be required in a number of regulatory situations. Exam
36、ples of typical measurement objectives and indicative application scenarios are presented in the document. This method specifies the simultaneous measurement of background and downwind air quality to reduce the risk of invalid comparisons resulting from changing background air concentrations. Anothe
37、r important principle of this method is the requirement for repeated measures to take into account day to day and seasonal variations in the processes governing bioaerosol emissions and dispersion. The objective is to analyse a given measurement problem and derive the associated requirements for org
38、anization, the measurement method, the sampling strategy, the evaluation of the measured data, quality assurance and reporting. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
39、undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 16115-1, Ambient air quality - Measurement of bioaerosols - Part 1: Determination of moulds using filter sampling systems and culture-based analyses EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for
40、 the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025) EN 13098:2000, Workplace atmosphere - Guidelines for measurement of airborne micro-organisms and endotoxin 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 additional impa
41、ct contribution of the plant under study to the ambient air pollution at a receptor point 3.2 area source emitting area of a relevant size, normally horizontally orientated; area sources are distinguished into sources with a defined volumetric flow rate (e.g. biofilter, aerated composting windrow) a
42、nd sources without defined volumetric flow rate (e.g. landfills, agricultural land) PD CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 (E) 7 3.3 bioaerosol airborne particles of biological origin SOURCE: EN 13098, 3.3, modified Note to entry 1: The term bioaerosols as used in this standard designates all ai
43、rborne accumulations of particles carrying, containing or forming fungi (spores, conidia, hyphal fragments), bacteria, viruses and/or pollen as well as their cell wall components and associated metabolites (e.g. endotoxins, mycotoxins) (5; 6). 3.4 concentration as defined in this standard denotes th
44、e number of microorganisms in concentration of bioaerosol expressed in the according units e.g. in colony forming units (CFU) per unit volume or Endotoxin units (EU) per volume 3.5 emission microbial air pollution emanating from the plant under review; the emission is determined at the point of tran
45、sition of the bioaerosols from the emission source to the atmosphere; the result of an emission measurement is the bioaerosol flow calculated as the product of the concentration and the volumetric flow rate; emission concentrations of bioaerosols are indicated in CFU/m 3 , emission mass flows in CFU
46、/h, for instance; the bioaerosol flow is also used as a basis for estimating the geometric centroid of a source or source system of a plant or for impact forecasts 3.6 extended source emission source of a spatial structure consisting of a number of individual sources (e.g. Figure 2) 3.7 impact range
47、 distance at which a plant impact can still be detected Note to entry 1: The plant- or source-related measurement parameter-specific mean impact range described here designates the distance from the source at which the ambient air concentration of a measurement parameter has declined to the level of
48、 the upwind concentration. The “mean impact range” is determined with the aid of an exponential depletion curve as described in Annex B. 3.8 indicator organism microorganisms that are characteristic of the emission of a plant and can be detected by currently available sampling and analysis methods.
49、Indicator organisms that are characteristic of a defined source (process) may also be present usually in small concentrations in the ambient air outside the zone of influence of this source; this is due to the ubiquitous nature of many microorganisms 3.9 measurement parameter constituent of the ambient air for which a defined measured quantity is to be determined; in the present case, the microbial air pollutant of interest, e.g. bacteria, moulds PD CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 CEN/TS 16115-2:2016 (E) 8 3.10 measurement strategy methodology applied for the spatial and
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