1、BSI Standards Publication Fibre optic communication system design guides Part 13: Guidance on in-service PMD and CD characterization of fibre optic links PD IEC/TR 61282-13:2014National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TR 61282-13:2014. The UK participation in its pre
2、paration was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/86, Fibre optics, to Subcommittee GEL/86/3, Fibre optic systems and active devices. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary prov
3、isions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 84230 6 ICS 33.180.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was
4、published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2014. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TR 61282-13:2014 IEC TR 61282-13 Edition 1.0 2014-05 TECHNICAL REPORT Fibre optic communication system design guide
5、s Part 13: Guidance on in-service PMD and CD characterization of fibre optic links INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION X ICS 33.180.01 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-1572-2 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication f
6、rom an authorized distributor. colour inside PD IEC/TR 61282-13:2014 2 IEC TR 61282-13:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Symbols, acronyms and abbreviated terms 7 4 Background . 9 5 Non-intrusive fibre characterization . 12 5.1 PMD measurement
7、via polarization-sensitive spectral analysis . 12 Introductory remark . 12 5.1.1Measurement principle. 13 5.1.2Methods for measuring effvia polarization analysis 15 5.1.3Measurement accuracy 19 5.1.4Measurement set-up example 21 5.1.5 5.2 CD and PMD measurements based on high-speed intensity detecti
8、on 22 Introductory remark . 22 5.2.1Asynchronous waveform sampling . 24 5.2.2RF spectral analysis 29 5.2.3 5.3 CD and PMD measurements based on high-speed coherent detection 32 Introductory remark . 32 5.3.1Heterodyne detection . 33 5.3.2Direct detection with optical CD or PMD compensation 33 5.3.3E
9、lectronic CD and PMD compensation in intradyne coherent receiver 35 5.3.4 6 Semi-intrusive fibre characterization with special probe signals . 37 6.1 CD measurement using multi-tone probe signal 37 Introductory remark . 37 6.1.1Differential phase shift method with narrowband probe signals 37 6.1.2Is
10、sues of transmitting alien probe signals 41 6.1.3Exemplary procedure for in-service CD measurements 42 6.1.4 6.2 PMD measurement with special probe signals. 43 Introductory remark . 43 6.2.1Probe signal generator for PMD measurements . 43 6.2.2 Bibliography 45 Figure 1 Out-of-service fibre character
11、ization with broadband optical probe signal . 9 Figure 2 In-service fibre characterization with non-intrusive method . 10 Figure 3 Semi-intrusive in-service fibre characterization using narrowband probe signal 11 Figure 4 Rayleigh PDF for effcompared with Maxwellian PDF for 14 Figure 5 PMD-induced p
12、olarization rotation within the spectrum of a modulated signal 15 Figure 6 Set-up for measuring PMD-induced polarization rotations in optical signals 16 Figure 7 Modified set-up for measuring PMD-induced polarization rotations . 16 Figure 8 Sequence of polarization transformations leading to a scan
13、with P p P sat =0 (left) and corresponding power ratios (right) . 17 PD IEC/TR 61282-13:2014IEC TR 61282-13:2014 IEC 2014 3 Figure 9 Sequence of polarization transformations with P p P sat =0 (left) and corresponding rotation angles (right) . 18 Figure 10 Apparatus using coherent detection to measur
14、e eff. 21 Figure 11 Apparatus for GVD measurements in a transmitted signal using a high- speed receiver with time-domain waveform analysis or, alternatively, RF spectrum analysis 23 Figure 12 Set-up for determining the sign of the GVD in the fibre link with an additional optical CD element of known
15、GVD magnitude and sign . 24 Figure 13 Asynchronous sampling of the waveform of a 10 Gbit/s NRZ-OOK signal . 25 Figure 14 Asynchronously sampled waveform histograms of a 10 Gbit/s NRZ-OOK signal without dispersion, with 1 000 ps/nm GVD, and with 48 ps DGD . 26 Figure 15 Asynchronous waveform analysis
16、 with two successive samples per symbol period . 26 Figure 16 Apparatus for asynchronous waveform analysis with time-delayed dual sampling . 27 Figure 17 Phase portraits of a 10 Gbit/s NRZ-OOK signal with various amounts of GVD and DGD 28 Figure 18 Phase portraits of a 10 Gbit/s NRZ-OOK signal where
17、in the time delay between each sample pair is set to half the symbol period 29 Figure 19 RF spectra of directly detected 10 Gbit/s NRZ- and RZ-OOK signals distorted by various amounts of GVD 30 Figure 20 Magnitude of the clock frequency component in the RF spectra of 10 Gbit/s NRZ- and RZ-OOK signal
18、s as a function of GVD . 30 Figure 21 Impact of PMD on the RF spectra of directly detected 10 Gbit/s NRZ- and RZ-OOK signals 31 Figure 22 Apparatus for simultaneous GVD and DGD measurements on NRZ- or RZ- OOK signals using separate detectors for upper and lower modulation sidebands 31 Figure 23 Opti
19、cal filtering of a 10 Gbit/s NRZ-OOK signal for separate detection of upper and lower modulation sidebands . 32 Figure 24 RF power spectrum of a 10 Gbit/s NRZ-OOK signal detected with an optical heterodyne receiver . 33 Figure 25 Apparatus for measuring GVD with calibrated optical CD compensator 34
20、Figure 26 Apparatus for measuring PMD with calibrated optical DGD compensator 35 Figure 27 Coherent optical receiver with high-speed digital signal processing and electronic CD and PMD compensation 36 Figure 28 Spectrum of an amplitude modulated dual-wavelength probe signal . 38 Figure 29 Signal gen
21、erator and analyser for dual-wavelength probe signal 39 Figure 30 Four-wavelength probe signal generator using high-speed modulator . 39 Figure 31 Example of end-to-end CD measurements in 6 unused WDM channels 40 Figure 32 In-service CD measurement with broadband probe signal 41 Figure 33 Modified d
22、ual-wavelength probe signal with un-modulated carrier 42 Figure 34 Probe signal generator for PMD measurements . 44 PD IEC/TR 61282-13:2014 4 IEC TR 61282-13:2014 IEC 2014 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDES Part 13: Guidance on in-service PMD a
23、nd CD characterization of fibre optic links FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all
24、 questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Public
25、ation(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IE
26、C collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of op
27、inion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to
28、 ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparent
29、ly to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certifi
30、cation bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall
31、 attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal
32、 fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publi
33、cation. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “st
34、ate of the art“. IEC TR 61282-13, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 86C/1201/DT
35、R 86C/1236/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. PD IEC/TR 61282-13:2014IEC TR 61282-13:2014 IEC 2014 5 A lis
36、t of all parts in the IEC 61280 series, published under the general title Fibre-optic communication subsystem test procedures, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site
37、 under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. PD IEC/TR 61282-13:2014 6 IEC TR 61282-13:20
38、14 IEC 2014 INTRODUCTION The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent concerning optical frequency-sensitive analyser given in 5.1.3.4 and concerning CD measurement using multi-to
39、ne probe signal given in 6.1. IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right. The holder of this patent right has assured the IEC that he/she is willing to negotiate licences either free of charge or under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions
40、 with applicants throughout the world. In this respect, the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with IEC. Information may be obtained from: Exfo Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. 400 Avenue Grodin QC G1M 2K2 CANADA JDS Uniphase Corporation 430 N. McCarthy Blvd. Milpitas, CA 950
41、35 USA Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO (www.iso.org/patents) and IEC (http:/patents.iec.ch) mai
42、ntain on-line data bases of patents relevant to their standards. Users are encouraged to consult the data bases for the most up to date information concerning patents. PD IEC/TR 61282-13:2014IEC TR 61282-13:2014 IEC 2014 7 FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDES Part 13: Guidance on in-servic
43、e PMD and CD characterization of fibre optic links 1 Scope This part of IEC 61282, which is a technical report, presents general information about in- service measurements of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and chromatic dispersion (CD) in fibre optic links. It describes the background and need f
44、or these measurements, the various methods and techniques developed thus far, and their possible implementations for practical applications. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For
45、 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60793-1-42, Optical fibres Part 1-42: Measurement methods and test procedures Chromatic dispersion IEC 61280-4-4, Fibre optic communication
46、 subsystem test procedures Part 4-4: Cable plants and links Polarization mode dispersion measurement for installed links 3 Symbols, acronyms and abbreviated terms D() group velocity dispersion coefficient at optical wavelength F frequency of amplitude modulation in CD measurement L length of arc of
47、the SOP rotation on the Poincar sphere L flength of fibre or fibre link P p , P soptical signal powers in two orthogonal SOPs P normalized optical power P normalized optical power difference S 1, S 2, S 3Stokes parameter normalized Stokes vector N number of statistically independent effective DGD me
48、asurements N tnumber of statistically independent effective DGD measurements in time N number of statistically independent signal wavelengths c speed of light in vacuum f optical frequency interval or spacing f electrical signal frequency in dual-wavelength frequency generator f clockclock frequency
49、 of digital data modulation t time interval between effective DGD measurements or differential time delay in CD measurement PD IEC/TR 61282-13:2014 8 IEC TR 61282-13:2014 IEC 2014 corr t correlation time of effective DGD variations differential phase shift in CD measurement wavelength increment (interval, spacing or step size) optical frequency increment (interval, spacing or step size) optical sou
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