1、Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions Part 4: Insulators for d.c. systems PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementatio
2、n of IEC/TS 60815-4:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/36, Insulators for power systems. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessa
3、ry provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 76745 6 ICS 29.080.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Docume
4、nt was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016IEC TS 60815-4 Edition 1.0 2016-10 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Selection and dimensioning of
5、 high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions Part 4: Insulators for d.c. systems INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 29.080.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-3704-5 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publicat
6、ion from an authorized distributor. colour inside PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016 2 IEC TS 60815-4:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . . 7 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . . 8 3.1 Terms and definitions . 8 3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9 4 Principles
7、. . 9 4.1 General . 9 4.2 Overall design process . 10 5 Materials . 11 6 Site severity determination . 12 6.1 Input data 12 6.2 d.c. pollution accumulation correction: K p12 6.3 Chemical composition of the pollution layer (Type A pollution) . 13 6.4 Correcting for NSDD (Type A pollution) . . 13 6.5
8、Correcting for CUR (Type A pollution, cap and pin insulators) . . 14 6.6 Effect of diameter on the pollution accumulation K d. 14 6.7 Correction for the number of similar insulators in parallel: K s. 14 7 Determination of the reference d.c. site severity . 15 8 Determination of the reference d.c. US
9、CD . 16 9 Correction of the RUSCD for each candidate insulator . 17 9.1 Correction for the effect of diameter on pollution withstand performance C d. 17 9.2 Correction for altitude C a. . 18 9.3 Determination of the required USCD for each candidate . 18 10 Checking the profile parameters 19 10.1 Gen
10、eral . . 19 10.2 Alternating sheds defined by shed overhang . 19 10.3 Spacing versus shed overhang 20 10.4 Minimum distance between sheds . 20 10.5 Creepage distance versus clearance. 21 10.6 Shed angle 22 10.7 Creepage factor 22 11 Design verification . 23 11.1 General . . 23 11.2 Operating experie
11、nce . 23 11.3 Laboratory testing . 23 Annex A (informative) Hydrophobicity transfer materials . . 24 A.1 Qualitative flashover behaviour 24 Annex B (informative) Dependence of USCD on pollution severity . 26 B.1 Pollution type A . 26 B.2 Pollution Type B 28 Bibliographic References . . 29 PD IEC/TS
12、60815-4:2016IEC TS 60815-4:2016 IEC 2016 3 Figure 1 Overall design process for d.c. insulation determination of d.c. Site Pollution Severity 10 Figure 2 Overall design process for d.c. insulation determination of the required USCD dc for candidate insulating solutions . 11 Figure 3 RUSCD dcas a func
13、tion of d.c. site pollution severity . 16 Figure 4 Correction for the effect of diameter on d.c. pollution withstand performance . 18 Figure A.1 Dependency of specific flashover voltage over conductivity of an electrolyte (parameter: wettability of surface) . . 24 Figure B.1 d.c. overhead lines. Col
14、lected field experience on non HTM insulators (uncoated glass and porcelain insulators) . . 26 Figure B.2 d.c. overhead lines. Collected field experience on HTM insulators (composite line insulators) 27 Figure B.3 Composite insulators: Example of the influence of CF on USCD (laboratory tests), see C
15、IGRE Brochure 1 for more details . 28 Table 1 Typical ranges of K paccording to climatic conditions . 13 PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016 4 IEC TS 60815-4:2016 IEC 2016 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ SELECTION AND DIMENSIONING OF HIGH-VOLTAGE INSULATORS INTENDED FOR USE IN POLLUTED CONDITIONS Par
16、t 4: Insulators for d.c. systems FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions
17、concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”).
18、 Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collabora
19、tes closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on th
20、e relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure tha
21、t the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the m
22、aximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodi
23、es provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to
24、IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
25、expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9)
26、Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptiona
27、l circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason,
28、 there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 60815-4, which is a technical specification, ha
29、s been prepared by technical committee 36: Insulators. PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016IEC TS 60815-4:2016 IEC 2016 5 The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: DTS Report on voting 36/382/DTS 36/390/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical speci
30、fication can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 60815 series, published under the general title Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended
31、for use in polluted conditions, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific document. At this date, the docu
32、ment will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the c
33、orrect understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016 6 IEC TS 60815-4:2016 IEC 2016 INTRODUCTION Work has been going on in CIGRE C4.303 and the IEC to produce d.c. pollution design guides that represent the current state of t
34、he art. The CIGRE work has resulted in an HV d.c. Pollution Application Guidelines brochure 1 and the IEC work in this final part of IEC 60815 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions Part 4: Insulators for d.c. systems. The work represents a huge
35、 accumulation of pollution performance knowledge from various sources (both published and unpublished) never before collated into a single opus. Contrary to the parts of IEC 60815 dealing with a.c., this technical specification covers both polymeric and glass and porcelain insulators for d.c. system
36、s in a single publication. It also covers hybrid insulators (the ceramic core is fully covered by a polymer). NOTE The present document does not apply to insulators with coatings, due to the variety of coatings to be considered. This may be reconsidered at the next revision of this technical specifi
37、cation, after gaining more knowledge and experience and a better definition of the coating characteristics and requirements. The approach for d.c. insulator design and selection with respect to pollution given in this part is different to that used for a.c. The key differences are: A simplified appr
38、oach is presented which is intended for preliminary design. However, since under d.c. pollution build-up and its effects can be more severe than under a.c., the final design should be based as much as possible on a direct pollution severity measured under d.c. for the site being studied. Equally dir
39、ect evaluation of the insulators selected by this process should be considered. (A statistical design approach is available in the CIGRE guidelines for d.c. pollution 1); Two approaches are considered to estimate pollution severity: one using prior d.c. site severity experience, the other using site
40、 severity measurements on a.c. or unenergised insulators; Correction of site severity for specific parameters that have an influence under d.c. (e.g. pollution uniformity ratio, effect of diameter on pollution accumulation, NSDD) are considered; Direct transfer from corrected site pollution severity
41、 to necessary USCD without any use of discrete site severity classes (as made in IEC 60815 Parts 2 and 3); Recognition is made of the improved performance of Hydrophobicity Transfer Materials (HTM) as a practical solution for many designs, notably at UHV, while taking into account potential hydropho
42、bicity loss; Importance of the influence of altitude; Distinct diameter correction for flashover performance. Although there is some positive experience with validation by testing of traditional glass and porcelain insulators, the full translation of such test results to service conditions is still
43、under consideration. Any such experience is mainly lacking for composite insulators, since an agreed standardised testing procedure is not yet available. The problem is accentuated to porcelain/glass as well composite technology by the continuing rise in system voltages where over-design may result
44、in unrealistic insulator lengths or heights. Hence for this first edition the verification of a chosen insulator solution by testing is entirely subject to agreement. For polymeric, notably HTM, the pollution withstand may not be the only necessary design information. The design stress should be sel
45、ected not only to avoid flashover, but also to assure a limited ageing of the insulators in service. This item is however out of the scope of the present specification. Applications with controlled indoor environment are not included in the scope of this document. PD IEC/TS 60815-4:2016IEC TS 60815-
46、4:2016 IEC 2016 7 SELECTION AND DIMENSIONING OF HIGH-VOLTAGE INSULATORS INTENDED FOR USE IN POLLUTED CONDITIONS Part 4: Insulators for d.c. systems 1 Scope This part of IEC 60815, which is a Technical Specification, is applicable as first approach for the determination of the required d.c. Unified S
47、pecific Creepage Distance for insulators with respect to pollution. To avoid excessive over or under design, existing operation experience should be compared and eventually additional appropriate tests may be performed by agreement between supplier and customer. It is applicable to: Glass and porcel
48、ain insulators; Composite and hybrid insulators with an HTM or non-HTM housing. This part of IEC 60815 gives specific guidelines and principles to arrive at an informed judgement on the probable behaviour of a given insulator in certain pollution environments. The structure and approach of this part
49、 of IEC 60815 are similar to those explained in Part 1, but adapted for the specific issues encountered with polluted HV d.c. insulation. The aim of this Technical Specification is to give the user simplified means to: Identify issues specific to d.c. applications that can affect the choice and design process; Determine the equivalent d.c. Site Pollution Severity (SPS) from measurements, correcting for electrostatic effects, diameter, pollution distribution and co
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