BS PD ISO TR 18786-2014 Health and safety in welding Guidelines for risk assessment of welding fabrication activities《焊接中的健康和安全 焊接生产活动的风险评估指南》.pdf

1、BSI Standards Publication Health and safety in welding Guidelines for risk assessment of welding fabrication activities PD ISO/TR 18786:2014National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 18786:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Comm

2、ittee WEE/-/1, Briefing committee for welding. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British St

3、andards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 86445 2 ICS 13.100; 25.160.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on

4、 30 September 2014. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 ISO 2014 Health and safety in welding Guidelines for risk assessment of welding fabrication activities Hygine et scurit en soudage - Lignes directrices pour lvaluation des ri

5、sques des activits de fabrication de soudage TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 18786 First edition 2014-09-15 Reference number ISO/TR 18786:2014(E) PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 ISO/TR 18786:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no

6、 part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs membe

7、r body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 ISO/TR 18786:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewo

8、rd iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 Use of this document 2 5 Procedures 2 6 Risk assessment principles . 2 7 Risk assessment for welding and allied activities . 3 8 List for welding and allied activities 4 Annex A (informative) Preventive measures

9、 . 8 Annex B (informative) List of activities associated with welding processes .11 Annex C (informative) Health and safety management systems in welding fabrication .15 Bibliography .16 PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 ISO/TR 18786:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a

10、worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented

11、 on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop th

12、is document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC D

13、irectives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the de

14、velopment of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of

15、ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is IIW, Internationa

16、l Institute of Welding, Commission VIII.iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 ISO/TR 18786:2014(E) Introduction This Technical Report was prepared by the International Institute of Welding (IIW), Commission VIII: Health, Safety, and Environment. It constitutes the concerns of this exp

17、ert group on the possible hazards and risks to be considered during arc welding and allied processes in order to help welding fabricators to identify countermeasures in order to minimize exposures to risk. The experts have drawn on views expressed in previous IIW Commission VIII documents on this to

18、pic and information published in papers in the scientific literature. The latter are listed in the Bibliography. This Technical Report provides tables of possible risks associated with welding and allied activities, focusing on possible consequent harm and damages. The lists contain the most common

19、health and safety aspects related to welding, but do not purport to be exhaustive. In addition, Annex A reports information on possible actions to be implemented to reduce the risk, and Annex B suggests relations among processes typically allied activities. Annex C gives information about the use of

20、 this risk assessment procedure as part of a health and safety management system for welding fabrication. This Technical Report is not intended to replace or supersede national, regional, or local legislation. ISO 2014 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 Health and safety in welding Guideline

21、s for risk assessment of welding fabrication activities 1 Scope This Technical Report provides guidance for the assessment of the health and safety aspects of welding fabrication of metallic materials, including on-site and repair work. This Technical Report applies to welding and allied processes w

22、hich are covered by the following processes in accordance with ISO 4063: arc welding (process number 1); gas welding (process number 3); cutting and gouging process number 8 (excluding 84 laser cutting). For the purpose of this Technical Report, allied processes includes joint preparation and grindi

23、ng. Other processes, such as the following, might have similar health and safety aspects but are not directly addressed by this Technical Report: soldering and brazing; thermal spraying; pre-heating and post weld heat treatments; flame straightening and mechanical straightening. This Technical Repor

24、t includes list of hazards, harms, and damages with reference to assessment procedures and a guide for possible preventive actions. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.

25、For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers ISO 14731, Welding coordination Tasks and responsibilities ISO 31000, Risk management Principles and guidel

26、ines ISO/TR 25901, Welding and related processes Vocabulary ISO/IEC Guide 2, Standardization and related activities General vocabulary ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects Guidelines for their inclusion in standards ISO/IEC Guide 73, Risk management Vocabulary Guidelines for use in standards IEC 31010,

27、Risk management Risk assessment techniques TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 18786:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 ISO/TR 18786:2014(E) 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 25901, ISO/IEC Guide 2, ISO/IEC Guide 51,

28、ISO/IEC Guide 73, and the following apply. 3.1 hazard source or situation with a potential for harm, which in this Technical Report comprises injury, occupational disease, death, material damage, and/or other loss 3.2 risk combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous eve

29、nt, typically quantified by means of a risk assessment 4 Use of this document This Technical Report provides lists for the assessment of health and safety aspects of welding fabrication of metallic materials, including on-site and repair work. In order to perform such assessments, an understanding o

30、f the following topics is required: occupational health and safety; welding fabrication; management systems. For the intended use of this Technical Report, the support of welding coordination personnel is needed. Tasks and responsibilities of welding coordination personnel are defined in ISO 14731.

31、5 Procedures It is in the employers interest that personnel are able to work in a healthy and safe environment as this has a direct influence on productivity and motivation. Common sense should dictate measures to maintain the health and safety of operators in manufacturing environments. Beyond this

32、 other requirements that ensure the health and safety of welding personnel during welding and allied activities can originate from a number of sources such as legal requirements, often at the national and/or regional level, customer requirements, insurance requirements, and certification requiremen

33、ts. NOTE This Technical Report does not replace or supersede legal requirements. 6 Risk assessment principles Accidents and occupational diseases can ruin lives and affect business if output is lost, machinery or property is damaged, and can lead to an increase in insurance costs. Risk assessments a

34、nd risk assessment techniques are described in various national and international guidelines and International Standards (e.g. ISO 31000 and IEC 31010), which generally follow the same principal sequence. A risk assessment is a systematic examination of hazards in a specific activity, in order to co

35、nsider precautions to prevent harm as depicted in Figure 1.2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 ISO/TR 18786:2014(E) This Technical Report can help in identifying possible hazards related to, and harm arising from, welding and allied activities (steps 2 and 3 in Figure 1) as well as i

36、n reducing or even preventing the associated risks (step 6 in Figure 1). Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) or other reference levels may apply, but protection of the health and safety conditions is, as a general rule, a continuous process for which gradual improvements are targeted (see Annex C). F

37、igure 1 Principle of risk assessment 7 Risk assessment for welding and allied activities The lists in this Technical Report can be used as a tool for health and safety analysis and for the identification of possible problem areas. In general, this applies to the following situations: when planning a

38、 fabrication, the implementation of new fabrication methods or equipment; the identification of procedures that might require specific monitoring or checks of health and safety aspects; the specification of safety procedures for welding and for handling, storing, and disposing of welding-related sub

39、stances that might be hazardous to health and safety. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 ISO/TR 18786:2014(E) This assessment is based on the following steps: a) Identify the hazards arising from the activity (as referred to in Table 1). b) Identify the potential harm arising from t

40、he hazard (as referred to in Table 2). c) Based on that, preventive measures (substitute with a safer process, reduce, or protect) can be implemented in order to minimize the probability and/or the severity of the harm. Annex A lists possible preventive and corrective measures which can be typically

41、 applied. 8 List for welding and allied activities T a b l e 1 H a z a r d i d e n t i f i c a t i o n A-No. Activity Hazard H-No. Welding processes (W) W1 Fusion welding in general Ergonomic aspects (body work, body posture, climate etc.) H1 Fumes, gases, vapours, and/or dust (explosive, inflammabl

42、e, toxic, suffocating etc.) H2.2 W2 Arc welding, cutting, and joint preparation using an electrical arc Optical radiation H3 Hot (incl. liquid) metal, spatter, and/or slag H4 Hot surfaces H5 Electrical currents H6 Electromagnetic fields H6.1 W3 Gas welding, cutting, and joint preparation using a gas

43、 flame Optical radiation H3 Hot (incl. liquid) metal, spatter, and/or slag H4 Hot surfaces H5 Flame H7 General activities (G) G1 Grinding/mechanical cut- ting and joint preparation Projectiles H8 Sparks H9 Noise H10 Dust and fumes H2.1 Sharp edges H11 Vibration H12 Hot surfaces H5 Rotating parts H13

44、 G2 Cleaning Hazardous materials (acids, sol- vents, gases, etc.) H14 Sharp edges H11 G3 Operating electrical tools Electrical currents H6 G4 Using compressed air Projectiles H8 G5 Cutting in general Released parts or stresses H154 ISO 2014 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 ISO/TR 18786:2014(

45、E) A-No. Activity Hazard H-No. G6 Mechanized, semi-auto- mated and fully automated processes Moving machinery H16 A c t i v i t ie s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s p e c i f i c w e l d i n g p r o c e s s e s ( A ) A1 Slag removal Hot (incl. liquid) metal, spatter, and/or slag H4 Projectiles H8 Nois

46、e H10 A2 Gas handling Hazardous materials (acids, sol- vents, gases etc.) H14 Pressurized gas H17 A3 Drying of electrodes and flux/powder Hot surfaces H5 A4 Flux/powder handling Dust H2 Ergonomic aspects (body work, body posture, climate, etc.) H1 A5 Disposal of electrode stubs Hot surfaces H5 Slipp

47、ing H18 A6 Regrinding of thoriated tungsten electrodes Radioactive dust H19 Surroundings/welding environment (S) S1 Welding in dangerous or sensitive environments Explosive atmosphere H20 Combustible materials H21 S2 Welding in confined spaces Ergonomic aspects (body work, body posture, climate, etc

48、) H1 Fumes, gases, vapours, and/or dust (explosive, inflammable, toxic, suffocating, etc.) H2.2 Exposure H22 S3 Welding in electrically conducting surroundings Electrical currents, elevated hazard H6.2 S4 Welding under water Ergonomic aspects (body work, body posture, climate, etc.) H1 Electrical c

49、urrents H6 Diving related hazards H23Table 1 (continued) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5 PD ISO/TR 18786:2014 ISO/TR 18786:2014(E) T a b l e 2 I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f p o t e n t i a l h a r m a n d d a m a g e H-No. Hazard Harm Material damage H1 Ergonomic aspects (body work, body posture, climate, etc.) Musculoskeletal diseases Fatigue H2 Dust Lung diseases Sooting Eye irritation H2.1 Dust and fumes Lung diseases Sooting Poisoning Eye irritation H2.2 Fumes, gases, v