BS PD ISO TR 25901-1-2016 Welding and allied processes Vocabulary General terms《焊接和相关工艺 词汇 通用术语》.pdf

1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TR 25901-1:2016 Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 1: General termsPD ISO/TR 25901-1:2016 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 25901-1:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to

2、Technical Committee WEE/1, Briefing committee for welding. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Th

3、e British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 82449 4 ICS 01.040.25; 25.160.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strate

4、gy Committee on 31 March 2016. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TR 25901-1:2016 ISO 2016 Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 1: General terms Soudage et techniques connexes Vocabulaire Partie 1: Termes gnraux TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 25901-1 Reference number ISO/T

5、R 25901-1:2016(E) First edition 2016-03-15PD ISO/TR 25901-1:2016ISO/TR 25901-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise i

6、n any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de

7、 Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgPD ISO/TR 25901-1:2016ISO/TR 25901-1:2016(E)Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 2.1 Terms related to welding and allied processes . 1 2.1.1 General terms

8、. 1 2.1.2 Characterization of welds 3 2.1.3 Imperfections 4 2.1.4 Type of joints . 5 2.1.5 Joint preparations . 6 2.1.6 Types of welds . 7 2.1.7 Weld details 9 2.1.8 Welding execution .11 2.1.9 Surfacing 15 2.1.10 Welding consumables .16 2.1.11 Welding materials 17 2.2 Terms related to testing .18 2

9、.2.1 General tests .18 2.2.2 Weldability tests 19 2.2.3 Mechanical tests 19 2.2.4 Non-destructive tests 20 2.3 Terms related to welding equipment .20 2.4 Terms related to welding parameters 21 2.5 Terms related to welding management, personnel and organization .23 Annex A (informative) Alphabetical

10、index of English terms with French and German translations 26 Annex B (informative) Alphabetical inde x of gener al t erms defined in ISO 857-1:1998 or ISO/TR 25901:2007 that w er e not included in this part of ISO/TR 25901 35 Bibliography .41 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents PagePD ISO/TR

11、25901-1:2016ISO/TR 25901-1:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body in

12、terested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechni

13、cal Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO do

14、cuments should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respon

15、sible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given

16、for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following

17、 URL: Foreword Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 7, Representation and terms, in collaboration with Commission VI, Terminology, of the International Institute of Welding (IIW ). This first edition of ISO

18、/TR 259011, together with the other parts of ISO/TR 25901, cancels and replaces ISO 8571:1998 and ISO/TR 25901:2007, of which it constitutes a revision. ISO/TR 25901 consists of the following parts, under the general title Welding and allied processes Vocabulary: Part 1: General terms Technical Repo

19、rt Part 3: Welding processes Technical Report Part 4: Arc welding Technical Report The following parts are under preparation: Part 2: Safety and health Technical Report Friction welding is to form the subject of a future part 5. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this Internation

20、al Standard should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 7 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedPD ISO/TR 25901-1:2016TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 25901-1:2016(E) Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Pa

21、rt 1: General terms 1 Scope This part of ISO/TR 25901 contains general terms and definitions applicable to welding and allied processes. It does not contain terms and definitions related to specific processes or particular aspects of welding and allied processes that are covered in other parts of th

22、is Technical Report (see Foreword) or in other ISO standards. In the main body of this part of ISO/TR 25901, terms are arranged in a systematic order. Annex A provides an index in which all terms are listed alphabetically with reference to the appropriate subclause. In addition, it provides French t

23、ranslations, covering two of the three official ISO languages (English, French and Russian). German translations are also provided; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN), and are given for information only. NOTE 1 Only the terms given in the official langu

24、ages (English, French and Russian) are to be considered as ISO terms and definitions. NOTE 2 All these terms and definitions are also available on the ISO Online Browsing Platform (OBP): h t t p s :/ www.iso.org/obp/ui/ 2 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following term

25、s and definitions apply. 2.1 Terms related to welding and allied processes 2.1.1 General terms 2.1.1.1 welding joining process in which two or more parts are united producing a continuity in the nature of the workpiece material(s) by means of heat or pressure or both, and with or without the use of

26、filler material (2.1.10.4) Note 1 to entry: Welding processes may be used also for surfacing (2.1.9.1) and remelting. 2.1.1.2 fusion welding welding (2.1.1.1) involving localized melting without the application of external force in which the fusion surface(s) has (have) to be melted with or without

27、addition of filler material (2.1.10.4) 2.1.1.3 weld result of welding (2.1.1.1) Note 1 to entry: The weld includes the weld metal (2.1.2.1) and the heat-affected zone (2.1.2.2). ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TR 25901-1:2016ISO/TR 25901-1:2016(E) 2.1.1.4 weldment assembly incorporating one or

28、more welded joint(s) (2.1.4.2) 2.1.1.5 parent material base material material to be joined, or surfaced, by welding (2.1.1.1), braze welding or brazing 2.1.1.6 parent material thickness material thickness nominal thickness (2.1.7.7) of the materials to be welded 2 .1 .1 . 7 parent metal base metal m

29、etallic parent material (2.1.1.5) 2 .1 .1 . 8 manual welding welding (2.1.1.1) in which the electrode (2.3.8) holder, gun, torch (2.3.9) or blowpipe is manipulated by hand 2.1.1.9 partly mechanized welding semiautomatic welding manual welding (2.1.1.8) where wire feed is mechanized 2.1.1.10 mechaniz

30、ed welding fully mechanized welding welding (2.1.1.1) where the required welding parameters (2.4.1) are maintained by mechanical or electronic means Note 1 to entry: Manual adjustment of welding parameters by the welding operator (2.5.25) during welding is possible. 2.1.1.11 automatic welding weldin

31、g (2.1.1.1) in which all operations are performed without welding operator (2.5.25) intervention during the process Note 1 to entry: Manual adjustment of welding parameters (2.4.1) by the welding operator during welding is not possible. 2.1.1.12 robotic welding welding (2.1.1.1) that is performed an

32、d controlled by robotic equipment 2.1.1.13 gouging thermal cutting process variation that forms a groove by melting or burning 2.1.1.14 arc gouging gouging (2.1.1.13) using an arc cutting process variation 2.1.1.15 air-arc gouging gouging (2.1.1.13) using a carbon electrode (2.3.8) and compressed ai

33、r2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedPD ISO/TR 25901-1:2016ISO/TR 25901-1:2016(E) 2.1.2 Characterization of welds 2.1.2.1 weld metal all metal melted during welding (2.1.1.1) and retained in the weld (2.1.1.3) 2.1.2.2 heat-affected zone HAZ portion of non-melted parent metal (2.1.1.7) whose microstructure

34、 has been affected 2.1.2.3 weld zone zone containing the weld metal (2.1.2.1) and the heat-affected zones (2.1.2.2) 2.1.2.4 deposited metal filler metal that has been added during welding (2.1.1.1) 2.1.2.5 fusion line interface between the weld metal (2.1.2.1) and the non-melted parent metal (2.1.1.

35、7) as determined on the cross section of a weld (2.1.1.3) 2.1.2.6 fusion zone in the weld metal (2.1.2.1), part of the parent metal (2.1.1.7) that has been melted, as determined on the cross section of a weld (2.1.1.3) 2. 1 . 2. 7 all-weld metal weld metal (2.1.2.1) consisting of deposited metal (2.

36、1.2.4) without dilution (2.1.2.12) 2. 1 . 2.8 weld pool molten pool pool of liquid metal formed during fusion welding (2.1.1.2) Note 1 to entry: In electroslag welding, the term includes the slag (2.1.10.9) bath. 2.1.2.9 as welded condition of the weld (2.1.1.3) after welding (2.1.1.1), prior to any

37、 subsequent thermal, mechanical, or chemical treatments Note 1 to entry: For alloys that may undergo natural ageing (e.g. some aluminium alloys), the as welded condition lasts only for a limited period of time. 2.1.2.10 ferrite number FN arbitrary standardized value designating the ferrite content o

38、f nominally austenitic or austenitic- ferritic (duplex) type stainless steel weld metal (2.1.2.1) based on its magnetic properties 2.1.2.11 metallurgical deviationchanges in the mechanical properties and/or metallurgical structure of the weld metal (2.1.2.1) or heat-affected zone (2.1.2.2) compared

39、to the properties of the parent metal (2.1.1.7) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3PD ISO/TR 25901-1:2016ISO/TR 25901-1:2016(E) 2.1.2.12 dilution mixing of melted parent metal (2.1.1.7) and deposited metal (2.1.2.4) expressed as a ratio of the melted parent metal to the total melted mass 2.1.2.13 dilutio

40、n rate dilution (2.1.2.12) expressed as a percentage 2.1.2.14 residual welding stress stress remaining in a metal part or structure as a result of welding (2.1.1.1) 2.1.2.15 strength weld weld (2.1.1.3) designed to withstand stress 2.1.2.16 j oi nt ef f ic ienc y ratio of strength of a joint (2.1.4.

41、1) to the strength of the parent metal (2.1.1.7), expressed as a percentage 2.1.3 Imperfections 2.1.3.1 imperfection discontinuity in the weld (2.1.1.3) or a deviation from the intended geometry Note 1 to entry: Imperfections are cracks, lack of penetration, porosity, slag (2.1.10.9) inclusions. 2.1

42、.3.2 internal imperfection imperfection (2.1.3.1) that is not open to a surface or not directly accessible 2.1.3.3 systematic imperfection imperfections (2.1.3.1) that are repeatedly distributed in the weld (2.1.1.3) over the weld lengths to be examined 2.1.3.4 projected area area where imperfection

43、s (2.1.3.1) distributed along the volume of the weld (2.1.1.3) under consideration are imaged two-dimensionally 2.1.3.5 hot crack(s) material separations occurring at high temperatures along the grain boundaries (dendrite boundaries) when the level of strain and the strain rate exceed a certain leve

44、l Note 1 to entry: Small cracks visible only at magnifications greater than 50, are often described as microcracks. 2.1.3.6 s ol id i f ic at ion c r ac k hot crack (2.1.3.5) formed during solidification from the liquid phase of weld metals (2.1.2.1) Note 1 to entry: It usually extends up to the sur

45、face of the weld metal, but sometimes can be subsurface. 2 .1 . 3 .7 liquation crack hot crack (2.1.3.5) formed by liquation in the heat-affected zone (2.1.2.2) of the parent material (2.1.1.5) or in multirun welds where weld metal (2.1.2.1) is reheated by subsequent runs (2.1.8.4)4 ISO 2016 All rig

46、hts reservedPD ISO/TR 25901-1:2016ISO/TR 25901-1:2016(E) 2 .1 . 3 . 8 ductility dip crack hot crack (2.1.3.5) formed during welding (2.1.1.1) by a reduction in hot ductility Note 1 to entry: As with a liquation crack (2.1.3.7), it can occur in the heat-affected zone (2.1.2.2) of the parent material

47、(2.1.1.5) or in multirun welds. 2.1.3.9 cold crack(s) local rupture (intergranular or transgranular) appearing in a weld (2.1.1.3) as a result of a critical combination of microstructure, stress and hydrogen content 2.1.4 Type of joints 2.1.4.1 joint junction of workpieces or the edges of workpieces

48、 that are to be joined or have been joined 2.1.4.2 welded joint assembly that is produced by welding (2.1.1.1) together two or more parts 2.1.4.3 multiple joint type of joint (2.1.4.1) where three or more parts meet at any required angles to each other 2.1.4.4 parallel joint type of joint (2.1.4.1)

49、where the parts lie parallel to each other EXAMPLE In explosive cladding. 2.1.4.5 butt joint type of joint (2.1.4.1) where the parts lie in the same plane and against one another at an angle of 135 to 180 2.1.4.6 T-joint angle joint (2.1.4.8) where the parts meet each other forming a T-shape 2 .1 . 4 .7 lap joint type of joint (2.1.4.1) where the parts lie parallel to each other (0 to 5) and overlap each other 2 .1 . 4 . 8 angle joint type of joint (2.1.4.1) where one part meets the other at an acute angle greate