1、Acoustics Temperature influence on tyre/road noise measurement Part 1: Correction for temperature when testing with the CPX method PD ISO/TS 134711:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementatio
2、n of ISO/TS 134711:2017. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/1, Acoustics, to Subcommittee EH/1/2, Transport noise. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to i
3、nclude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 94680 6 ICS 17.140.30; 43.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal oblig
4、ations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TS 134711:2017 ISO 2017 Acoustics Temperature influence on tyre/road noise meas
5、urement Part : Correction for temperature when testing with the CPX method Acoustique Effet de la temprature sur les essais de bruit pneu/route Partie : Mode opratoire de correction sur les essais avec la mthode CPX TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 13471-1 Reference number ISO/TS 134711:2017(E) First
6、edition 20170315 PD ISO/TS 134711:2017 ISO/TS 13471-1:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any mean
7、s, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH12
8、14 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org PD ISO/TS 134711:2017 ISO/TS 13471-1:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 3.1 Acoustics. 1 3.2 Tyres and road surfaces 2 3.3 Temperatu
9、res . 2 4 Principles of the correction procedures 3 5 Temperature measurement equipment . 4 6 Measurement methods 4 6.1 General . 4 6.2 Measurement of air temperature 5 6.3 Measurement of road surface temperature (optional) 5 6.4 Measurement of tyre temperature (optional) 5 7 Temperature range 5 7.1
10、 General . 5 7.2 Temperature range within which the correction procedure is valid . 5 8 Temperature correction procedure 6 8.1 Correction to CPX levels, L CPX6 8.2 Temperature coefficient 6 8.3 Spectral correction 8 9 Measurement uncertainty assessment according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 8 9.1 General .
11、 8 9.2 Potential uncertainties . 8 9.3 Uncertainty estimation of temperature correction . 9 9.4 Sources of uncertainty 9 9.4.1 Temperature coefficients, t. 9 9.4.2 Road surface category, 9 9.4.3 Temperature measurements, T . 9 9.5 Estimation of uncertainties .10 10 Test report 10 Annex A (informativ
12、e) Discrete temperature coefficient .12 Annex B (informative) Information about road surface types .13 Annex C (informative) Selection of temperature for normalization 15 Bibliography .16 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/TS 134711:2017 ISO/TS 13471-1:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the In
13、ternational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee h
14、as been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical
15、 standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in a
16、ccordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. De
17、tails of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an
18、 endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/ forewo
19、rd.html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43 Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1 Noise. A list of all the parts in the ISO/TS 13471 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 134711:2017 ISO/TS 13471-1:2017(E) Introduction Air, tyre and road sur
20、face temperatures affect noise emission from the tyre/road interaction, as measured by means of, for example, the close-proximity (CPX) method specified in ISO 11819-2. This method allows the user to make measurements within a wide air temperature range (5 C to 35 C) which means that temperature inf
21、luence on the results may be substantial. In the CPX method, one or two reference tyres may be used, as specified in ISO/TS 11819-3; consequently, the temperature corrections need to be valid for these reference tyres. Tyre properties like rubber hysteresis and tread rubber hardness are affected by
22、temperature, but the latter may also affect road surface properties. Temperature effects on noise, therefore, depend on both the tyre and the road surface, the temperatures of which are affected by ambient air temperature. To make it more complicated, the temperature probably has different effects o
23、n different noise generation mechanisms. Ideally, and whenever possible, temperature corrections shall be tailored to the tested tyre/road combination. The approach to the temperature correction in this document is semi generic, which means that under certain conditions a correction to noise for tem
24、perature is made common to a group of tyres or a group of road surfaces. This document makes a distinction to the two reference tyres and to a few major road pavement categories. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TS 134711:2017This page deliberately left blank Acoustics Temperature influence on
25、tyre/road noise measurement Part : Correction for temperature when testing with the CPX method 1 Scope This document specifies procedures for determining the effect of temperature on tyre/road noise emission. Temperatures considered are tyre, road and ambient air temperatures. The noise emission for
26、 which this document is applicable is measured by means of ISO 118192, or similar methods such as the on-board sound intensity (OBSI) method specified in Reference 1 .Measurement results obtained at a certain temperature, which may vary over a wide range, are normalized to a designated reference tem
27、perature (20 C) using a correction procedure specified in this document. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For und
28、ated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 118192, Acoustics Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise Part 2: The close-proximity method ISO/TS 118193, Acoustics Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic
29、 noise Part 3: Reference tyres ISO/IEC Guide 983, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases fo
30、r use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ /www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/ /www.iso.org/obp 3.1 Acoustics 3.1.1 tyre/road noise noise generated by the tyre/road interaction TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 13471-1
31、:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TS 134711:2017 ISO/TS 13471-1:2017(E) 3.1.2 CPX method close-proximity method measurement procedure designed to evaluate the influence of road pavement characteristics on vehicle and traffic noise under conditions when tyre/road noise (3.1.1) dominates
32、and power unit noise is not very important Note 1 to entry: The method is specified in ISO 11819-2. Note 2 to entry: The measurements are made using microphones located close to one or more test tyres which are mounted on a special test vehicle. 3.1.3 CPX level close-proximity level L CPX time avera
33、ged A weighted sound pressure level (SPL) of the tyre/road noise (3.1.1) as determined by the CPX method (3.1.2), either broadband or spectral bands, as required Note 1 to entry: The CPX level is expressed in decibels. In order to provide more information, additional suffixes are used; see ISO 11819
34、2where the CPX method is described. 3.2 Tyres and road surfaces 3.2.1 reference tyre test tyre specified for the purpose of representing certain features in tyre/road sound emission, designed and constructed for use in the CPX method (3.1.2) with specified and reproducible standard properties Note 1
35、 to entry: The reference tyres are specified in ISO/TS 11819-3. 3.2.2 road surface surface course upper course of the pavement, which is in contact with the tyres Note 1 to entry: Various main types of road surfaces are described in Annex B. 3.3 Temperatures 3.3.1 air temperature ambient air tempera
36、ture temperature of the air surrounding the tyres under test, but measured in such a way that the sensor is exposed to the airflow and protected from direct solar radiation Note 1 to entry: The air temperature is expressed in degree Celsius. 3.3.2 road temperature road surface temperature static tem
37、perature of the part of the road that is in contact with the tyre(s) rolling on the road, where static means that it is the temperature that changes only with pavement convection, sun radiation and meteorological conditions Note 1 to entry: The road temperature is expressed in degree Celsius.2 ISO 2
38、017 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 134711:2017 ISO/TS 13471-1:2017(E) 3.3.3 tyre temperature general term for the temperature of the reference tyre (3.2.1), which influences noise emission Note 1 to entry: The tyre temperature is expressed in degree Celsius. Note 2 to entry: Tyre temperature varies s
39、ubstantially between different parts of the tyre, as well as with the tyre operating conditions. In this document, distinction is not made between these different parts, but the tyre is seen as a unit with a temperature that influences noise emission in a particular way. 3.3.4 tyre tread temperature
40、 temperature of the surface of the tread of the reference tyre (3.2.1) Note 1 to entry: The tyre tread temperature is expressed in degree Celsius. Note 2 to entry: In this document, this is considered the temperature of the centre one third of the tread width. 3.3.5 reference temperature T ref air t
41、emperature (3.3.1) of 20,0 C representing a hypothetical, ideal measurement case, to which actual measurements are normalized Note 1 to entry: The reference temperature is expressed in degree Celsius. 3.3.6 temperature correction term C T,t term used for correcting the CPX level (3.1.3) for temperat
42、ure T for tyre t Note 1 to entry: The temperature correction term is expressed in decibels. 3.3.7 temperature coefficient Missing image: D:/PAYLOAD/ Filestore/Work- flows and Output/ BS-ISO XML Body Final/2017-05-08 coefficient used for correcting the CPX level (3.1.3) for the effect of temperature
43、for tyre t Note 1 to entry: The temperature coefficient is expressed in decibels per degree Celsius. 4 Principles of the correction procedures The general effect of temperature is an increase in sound levels with colder temperatures and a decrease in sound levels with warmer temperatures. Based on t
44、he empirically determined relationship between tyre/road noise and ambient air temperature, the aim is to normalize all CPX noise measurements to a reference temperature, from the actual air temperature during the measurement, within a temperature range where the relationship is reasonably linear. T
45、he reference condition has been determined to be a hypothetical measurement of noise at an air temperature of 20,0 C. The relationship between noise and temperature has been determined from a compilation of several published investigations, with distinction between the two reference tyres specified
46、in ISO/TS 11819-3, and with speed as an influential factor. It has been found that the relationship depends on the main type of road surface, and somewhat different relationships are, ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3 PD ISO/TS 134711:2017 ISO/TS 13471-1:2017(E) therefore, necessary to apply based on t
47、he road surface type, and to some extent the condition of the surface (porosity). 2 In this way, measured overall A weighted levels as well as spectral levels, corrected for the difference between actually measured temperature and the reference temperature using formulae given in this document, are
48、normalized to a common reference condition where air temperature would be 20 C. In general, it is advised that measurements be made as close as possible to the reference temperature, in order to avoid large corrections. In cases when one wants to compare, for example, a beforeafter measurement of so
49、me type, the lowest uncertainties will result if such beforeafter measurements are made at similar temperatures; in particular, if temperatures during measurements are relatively far from the reference temperature. When using a semi generic correction procedure, it shall be accepted that the use of an average temperature coefficient for tyres considered in this document, with a distinction between a few major road pavement categories, will lead to some over and under estimations of
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