BS PD ISO TS 13811-2015 Tourism and related services Guidelines on developing environmental specifications for accommodation establishments《旅游和相关服务 住宿场所开发环境规范指南》.pdf

1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TS 13811:2015 Tourism and related services Guidelines on developing environmental specifications for accommodation establishmentsPD ISO/TS 13811:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 13811:2015. The UK pa

2、rticipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SVS/2, Tourism services. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsib

3、le for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 88213 5 ICS 03.200; 13.020.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of

4、the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TS 13811:2015 ISO 2015 Tourism and related services Guidelines on developing environmental specifications for accommodation establishments Tourisme et services connexes Ligne

5、s directrices pour llaboration de spcifications environnementales pour les hbergements TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 13811 Reference number ISO/TS 13811:2015(E) First edition 2015-12-15PD ISO/TS 13811:2015ISO/TS 13811:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Pub

6、lished in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permi

7、ssion can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgPD ISO/TS 13811:2015ISO/TS 1381

8、1:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions . 1 3 Principles . 2 3.1 General . 2 3.2 Reduce the negative impacts and strengthen the positive impacts of tourism on the environment 2 3.2.1 Conserve the natural environment and biodiversity 2 3.2.2 Reduce the consumption of r

9、esources 3 3.2.3 Reduce pollution 3 4 Recommendations 4 4.1 General recommendations 4 4.2 Recommended criteria to maximize positive impacts to the environment and minimize negative impacts . 4 4.2.1 Applicability . 4 4.2.2 Conserving biodiversity, ecosystems, and landscapes 4 4.2.3 Conserving resour

10、ces 5 4.2.4 Reducing pollution . 5 4.2.5 General criteria 5 Bibliography 7 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents PagePD ISO/TS 13811:2015ISO/TS 13811:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodie

11、s). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and n

12、on-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are desc

13、ribed in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn

14、to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the

15、 ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessmen

16、t, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 228, Tourism and related services.i

17、v ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 13811:2015ISO/TS 13811:2015(E) Introduction Accommodation establishments exist in nearly every habitat in the world. While many impacts, such as energy and water consumption, are universal, the location of the accommodation establishment determines the priorit

18、y and type of impacts to be considered. A hotel in the desert, on a small island or in a traditional resort can have greater impact on water resources than one in a rain forest. A building in the Arctic needs to consider protection of the permafrost from melting beneath the buildings. A lodge in the

19、 African savannah needs to consider its effect on wildlife, just as a resort hotel on the beach needs to consider the effect of its lighting on nesting sea turtles. Because of the diversity of habitats in the world, these effects are not detailed in this Technical Specification. This Technical Speci

20、fication is intended to be used as a guideline for the development of national and private specifications that are oriented towards the special conditions prevailing in each country, while considering the general impacts of tourists and accommodation establishments. In order to reduce their environm

21、ental impacts, accommodation establishments are encouraged to follow good practices which do not compromise health and safety practices and requirements. The aim of this Technical Specification is not to create a new label, but to harmonize existing criteria. The Global Sustainable Tourism Council (

22、GSTC) has contributed to the development of this Technical Specification. The criteria specified in 4.2 are based on the environmental part of the GSTC Criteria for Hotels and Tour Operators. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TS 13811:2015PD ISO/TS 13811:2015Tourism and related services Guideline

23、s on developing environmental specifications for accommodation establishments 1 Scope This Technical Specification provides guidelines for developing specifications aimed at reducing the negative impacts and increasing the positive impacts of accommodation establishments on the environment. This Tec

24、hnical Specification does not apply to campsites. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 accommodation provision of at least sleeping and sanitary facilities SOURCE: ISO 18513:2003, 2.1.1 2.2 accommodation establishment establishment

25、 providing tourist accommodation (2.1) 2.3 additionality difference between what an individual consumes at home and in an accommodation establishment (2.2) 2.4 environment surroundings in which an accommodation establishment (2.2) operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna

26、, humans, and their interrelationships Note 1 to entry: Surroundings in this context extend from within an accommodation establishment to the global system. SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.1, modified 2.5 environmental aspect element of an accommodation establishments (2.2) activities or products or ser

27、vices that can interact with the environment (2.4) Note 1 to entry: A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact (2.6). SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.2, modified 2.6 environmental impact change to the environment (2.4), whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or

28、partially resulting from an accommodation establishments (2.2) environmental aspects (2.5) SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.4, modified TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 13811:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TS 13811:2015ISO/TS 13811:2015(E) 2.7 grey water waste water from household baths and s

29、howers, handbasins and kitchen sinks but excluding waste water and excreta from water closets SOURCE: ISO 6107-7:2006, 21 2.8 specification document stating requirements SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.8.7, modified 3 Principles 3.1 General This clause provides guidelines for new and, when reviewed, existi

30、ng specifications, which: should consider the principles of this Technical Specification; should emphasize the importance of taking actions to implement these principles; may contain explanations for exceptions where parts of this Technical Specification have not been adopted and/or applied. 3.2 Red

31、uce the negative impacts and strengthen the positive impacts of tourism on the environment 3.2.1 Conserve the natural environment and biodiversity Biological diversity and the integrity of landscapes can be affected by tourism positively or negatively. Accommodation establishments can contribute to

32、conservation or can damage the natural resources. a) Positive impacts can be produced by: conserving or restoring natural areas and areas of scenic beauty, whether owned by the accommodation establishment or not; extractive activities that are sustainable and increase the viability of natural popula

33、tions, relative to traditional extractive activities; environmental education of individuals, staff, and neighbouring communities. b) Negative impact can be produced by: inappropriate earth movement or destruction of natural habitats during construction; destruction or alteration of scenic landscape

34、s; direct or indirect extractive activities (inappropriate harvesting, use, display, or sale of plants and animals); blocking migratory paths for animals; light and noise pollution; physical pollutions (air, water and soil pollutions); introduction of invasive species or species that compete for res

35、ources with the natural habitat;2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 13811:2015ISO/TS 13811:2015(E) alteration of wildlife habitat or behaviour by activities of accommodation establishments. 3.2.2 Reduce the consumption of resources Specifications should consider how accommodation establishments

36、can make an active contribution to the conservation and recovery of natural resources. From the point of view of additionality, water consumption, for example, involves a typical inhabitant of Europe consuming 100 l to 200 l per night at home; however, in a hotel, a European tourist consumes around

37、300 l per night depending on how the hotel is managed and the facilities offered (see References 7 and 8). Hotels with bad practices can consume more water than an entire village and, in some cases, they have left local communities without sufficient water for their own consumption. Similar cases ex

38、ist for the consumption of energy from electricity, fossil fuels and firewood. Disposable goods, chemicals for laundry use and green areas, etc. all have additionality relative to the consumption of an individual. In most cases, accommodation establishments offer economies of scale that permit great

39、er efficiency in resource use than would be possible for the individuals at home, but all too frequently these potential efficiencies are not put into practice, even though they would save large quantities of money in operating expense. Criteria should be designed to promote zero or negative additio

40、nality for the consumption of resources. In regions with important resource limitations, such as water in arid regions, criteria should be designed to limit the use of resources in accordance with their availability, taking into consideration that access to the resource by local communities should n

41、ot be diminished. See ISO 14046. 3.2.3 Reduce pollution The degree of contamination of water, air or soil depends both on the amount of resources consumed and on the disposition that is made of the resultant waste products. The principal categories of air, water and soil pollution produced in accomm

42、odation establishments from resource consumption are: a) greenhouse gases from transportation, heating and cooling, electricity and methane from sewage treatment (see ISO/TS 14067); b) other air pollutants caused by burning wood or fossil fuels, or the release of chemicals that can cause ozone deple

43、tion; c) sewage; d) solid waste; e) chemical pollution of soil and water caused by detergents, paints and solvents, pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers, among others. Excess noise and light pollution can also be produced, irrespective of consumption. Noise and light pollution can negatively affec

44、t the quality of life of individuals. It can also affect the behaviour and viability of populations of wildlife. To limit pollution, emphasis should be placed on policies and actions that reduce the consumption of waste-producing items, such as fossil fuels, disposable goods, chemicals, detergents a

45、nd water. Following this, methods of disposing of waste should be based on best international practices on the re-use of waste, such as processed grey water, composting of organic waste, or secondary uses of waste heat. Remaining wastes should be recycled where possible, and the remainder given fina

46、l disposition in a manner that does not damage the environment. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3PD ISO/TS 13811:2015ISO/TS 13811:2015(E) 4 Recommendations 4.1 General recommendations Developed specifications should consider the requirements for the following: a) identification of environmental aspects

47、 and impacts, such as: natural areas, flora and fauna (biodiversity); emissions, effluents and solid waste; energy efficiency; water conservation and efficiency; architecture and construction; landscaping; others; b) criteria for quantifying and qualifying environmental aspects and impacts; c) envir

48、onmental practices for reducing the negative impacts; d) environmental practices for increasing the positive impacts; e) environmental training needs for staff; f) communication of environmental initiatives and practices to staff, visitors and local community; g) commitment of stakeholders including

49、 staff and visitors in environmental practices; h) current practice which shows that environmental management systems (e.g. ISO 14001) are useful in ensuring achievement of environmental requirements; i) resources for reducing the negative impact and increasing the positive impacts. 4.2 Recommended criteria to maximize positive impacts to the environment and minimize negative impacts 4.2.1 Applicability All criteria 1)should be applied to the greatest extent practical, unless for a spec