1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TS 17938:2014 Health informatics Semantic network framework of traditional Chinese medicine language systemPD ISO/TS 17938:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 17938:2014. The UK participation in its pre
2、paration was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/35, Health informatics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
3、application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 79376 9 ICS 35.240.80 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and St
4、rategy Committee on 30 June 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TS 17938:2014 ISO 2014 Health informatics Semantic network framework of traditional Chinese medicine language system Informatique de sant Cadre de rseau smantique du systme de langage de la mdecine traditi
5、onnelle chinoise TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 17938 First edition 2014-06-15 Reference number ISO/TS 17938:2014(E)PD ISO/TS 17938:2014ISO/TS 17938:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publicati
6、on may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country o
7、f the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandPD ISO/TS 17938:2014ISO/TS 17938:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Sc
8、ope . 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 3 Semantic networks . 2 3.1 General . 2 3.2 Principles of terminology naming and definition . 2 3.3 Semantic types 2 3.4 Semantic relationship . 8 Annex A (informative) Semantic types structure 12 Annex B (informative) Semantic relationship structure 14 Bibliogra
9、phy .15PD ISO/TS 17938:2014ISO/TS 17938:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each m
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13、e held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is infor
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15、he following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 215, Health informatics.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 17938:2014ISO/TS 17938:2014(E) Introduction This Technical Specification constitutes preparatory work for the development of a
16、 standard for semantic network framework of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Language System. This Technical Specification is based on the needs of semantic networks of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Language System (TCMLS). This Technical Specification describes the semantic relations of traditio
17、nal Chinese medicine associated with the semantic concepts, terminology, and the definition of semantic networks. Historically, the application and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has continued for a long period of time and the terms used vary in different geographical contexts ove
18、r time. In the past, it was less problematic for information processing because information exchange and integration were rare. But recently, there has been a greater need for information integration processing and exchange between different organizations, while still maintaining the accurate and un
19、ified meaning of messages. Automated machine-aided information processing is now becoming more important, and so the establishment of standardized concepts and relationships of TCM terms becomes important. TCMLS consists of TCM terms, language translation, natural language processing, and language s
20、tandardized tools. The core of TCMLS is the semantic network of TCM concepts, which facilitates machine processing. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TS 17938:2014PD ISO/TS 17938:2014Health informatics Semantic network framework of traditional Chinese medicine language system 1 Scope This Technic
21、al Specification defines the structure of the semantic network by describing the semantic types and semantic relations of TCM language system. This Technical Specification is intended to: a) support establishment of Unified Semantic Modelling TCM Language System; b) support develop of standardized T
22、CM concepts and relationships of concepts; c) provide a conceptual framework for the concept representation of TCM Language; d) support improvement in the processing of natural language by computer systems. This Technical Specification has been developed for the first time. The initial content descr
23、ibed below is intended to be used as a starting point for the application of the content in the information system. 2 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 traditional Chinese medicine traditional medicine that originated in China,
24、 and is characterized by holism and treatment based on pattern identification/syndrome differentiation Note 1 to entry: Adapted from WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region. 2.2 Traditional Chinese Medicine Language System TCMLS language system
25、that is designed to facilitate the development of computer systems that understand the meaning of the natural language of traditional Chinese medicine, containing two sections in TCMLS, TCM terms dictionary, and the semantic network 2.3 semantic networks modelling framework that consists of (1) a se
26、t of broad subject categories, or semantic types, that provide a consistent categorization of all concepts represented in the TCMLS, and (2) a set of useful and important relationships, or semantic relations, that exist between semantic types Note 1 to entry: The semantic network contains 96 semanti
27、c types and 58 relationships. 2.4 semantic type node in the semantic network, which helps to organize concepts in hierarchy and assign at least one attribute for every concept Note 1 to entry: A semantic type is mainly classified into entity and event. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 17938:2014(E) IS
28、O 2014 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TS 17938:2014ISO/TS 17938:2014(E) 2.5 semantic relationship relationship that connects between semantic types, divided into two classes: hierarchy and correlation Note 1 to entry: There are 58 semantic relationships in TCM domain, which forms the skeleton of TCM se
29、mantic networks. 3 Semantic networks 3.1 General The TCMLS semantic network provides a consistent categorization of all concepts represented in TCM terms dictionary and to provide a set of useful relationships between these concepts. The current release of the semantic network contains 96 semantic t
30、ypes and 58 relationships. 3.2 Principles of t ermi nology naming and definition 3.2.1 Marking with the letters TCM in superscript represents the terms which have the same nomenclature with conventional medicine but have the different definition. 3.2.2 Concept is defined by comprehensive description
31、 using well known terms. 3.2.3 Definition is given by using standardized terms. 3.2.4 Definition explains the concept, and does not include composition terms. 3.2.5 Each concept is expressed by hierarchical classification and property definition. 3.2.6 Each concept includes both Chinese and English
32、terminology and annotation. 3.3 Semantic types The semantic types (given in Table 1) are the nodes in the semantic network. The network defines semantic types for all concepts in TCM terms dictionary, both with textual descriptions and by means of the information inherent in its hierarchies. There a
33、re two major categories of semantic types: entity and events. The semantic types structure is shown in Annex A. T a b l e 1 S e m a n t i c t y p e s d e s c r i p t i o n a n d d e f i n i t i o n ID Semantic types D e f i n i t ion 1 Entity A broad type for grouping physical and conceptual entitie
34、s. (UMLS) 1.1 Physical and presenta- tional object An object perceptible to the sense of vision or touch. (UMLS) 1.1.1 Basic material in the human body in Chi- nese medicine In Chinese medicine, the basic elements, constituents, or substances of which the human body is composed or can be made accord
35、ing to TCM theory. 1.1.1.1 Basic substance in the human body The fundamental substance that maintains body function and keeps the physiological activity of the whole body in balance, such as qi, blood, and body fluid.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 17938:2014ISO/TS 17938:2014(E) ID Semantic
36、types D e f i n i t ion 1.1.1.1.1 Essence TCM Essence means two things: (1) the fundamental substance that builds up the physical structure and maintains body function; (2) reproductive essence stored in the kidney.(WHO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD TER- MINOLOGIES ON TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE WESTERN PA
37、CIFIC REGION) 1.1.1.1.2 Blood TCM The red fluid circulating through the blood vessels, and nourishing and moistening the whole body. (WHO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD TERMINOLOGIES ON TRADI- TIONAL MEDICINE IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION) 1.1.1.1.3 Qi TCM The basic element that constitutes the cosmos and,
38、through its move- ments, changes and transformations, produces everything in the world, including the human body and life activities. In the field of medicine, qi refers both to the refined nutritive substance that flows within the human body as well as to its functional activities. (WHO INTERNA- TI
39、ONAL STANDARD TERMINOLOGIES ON TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE WESTERN PACITIC REGION) 1.1.1.1.4 Liquid and humor TCM A general term for all kinds of normal liquid in the body, except the blood, also known as body liquids. (WHO INTERNATIONAL STAND- ARD TERMINOLOGIES ON TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE WESTER
40、N PACIFIC REGION) 1.1.1.2 Viscera and Bowels TCM A collective term for internal organs, also called zang-organs and fu- organs. 1.1.1.3 Meridian and col- lateral A system of conduits through which qi and blood circulate, connecting the bowels, viscera, extremities, superficial organs and tissues, ma
41、king the body an organic whole, the same as channels and networks; merid- ians or channels, in short. (WHO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD TER- MINOLOGIES ON TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION) 1.1.1.4 Acupuncture point The point where a needle is inserted and manipulated in acupuncture thera
42、py. (WHO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD TERMINOLOGIES ON TRA- DITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION) 1.1.1.5 Body constituent and orifice of sense organ A collective term for skin, vessels, flesh, sinews, bones and the external opening of sense organs. 1.1.1.6 Constitution The characteristics of a
43、n individual, including structural and functional characteristics, temperament, adaptability to environmental changes and susceptibility to disease. It is relatively stable, being in part, geneti- cally determined and in part, acquired. (WHO INTERNATIONAL STAND- ARD TERMINOLOGIES ON TRADITIONAL MEDI
44、CINE IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION) 1.1.2 Medicinal animal plant and mineral Generally refers to all animals, plants and minerals that can be used as drugs 1.1.2.1 Medicinal animal Generally refers to those animals that have therapeutic function or can be used to prevent and treat the disease. 1.1.2
45、.2 Medicinal plant Generally refers to those plants that have therapeutic function or can be used to prevent and treat the disease. 1.1.2.3 Medicinal mineral A naturally occurring, homogeneous inorganic solid substance having a definite chemical composition, and have therapeutic function or can be u
46、sed to prevent and treat the disease. 1.1.3 Medicinal substance A substance used in the treatment or prevention of pathologic disor- ders. This includes substances that occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically.Table 1 (continued) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3PD ISO/TS 17938:
47、2014ISO/TS 17938:2014(E) ID Semantic types D e f i n i t ion 1.1.3.1 Chinese medicinal Usually referring to those medicinal substances recorded in Chinese materia medica. (WHO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD TERMINOLOGIES ON TRADI- TIONAL MEDICINE IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION) 1.1.3.2 Formula A prescription
48、 that is formed from Chinese medicinals. TCM pharma- cists typically combine various medicinals into in a formula or prescrip- tion after carefully considering the dosage, usage, and combination, according to the results of Pattern differentiation as well as therapeutic principles. 1.1.3.3 Chemical
49、constituent of Chinese medicine Molecular components that are extracted from Chinese medicinal after extraction, separation, identification, structure determination. 1.1.4 Food Any substance generally containing nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, that can be ingested by a living organism and metabo- lized into energy and body tissue. Some foods are naturally occurring, others are either partially or entirely made by humans.(UMLS) 1.1.5 Artificial device Substances made or synthesized by human. 1.1.5.1 Research device A manu
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